2013年陕西高考英语试题答案及解析.doc

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（陕西卷）考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分。第一部分 基础知识 （满分30分）第一节 单项填空（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1. -Excuse me, do you have the time? -_.A. Yes; I do B. Of course, I have C. A quarter to ten D. No problem 2. - Our new house was completely in_ mess after the party was over. - Dont worry. We can clean it by_ means of our robot.A. a; / B. the; the C. the; / D. a; the 3. You have accepted the job offered by the company, havent you? No, and _. Im now working in a better one. A. Im happy I didnt B. I was happy I didntC. Im happy I have D. I was happy I have4. While abroad, youll have to ask your host family for things you dont know the English _.A. of B. for C. with D. to 5. Paula_ a special mention for all the donations he had _. A. purchased; gave B. urged; did C. deserved; made D. occupied; made6. Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students _ financial aid.A. in favor of B. in honor of C. in face of D. in need of7. The book which _ at the end of last year turned out to be a great success in Shanghai.A. came about B. came across C. came out D. came up8. Dressing is a task which we do every day as a matter of _.A. comfort B. privilege C. lecture D. routine 9. The food in England is strange at first but you will soon _ it.A. adjust with B. adapt for C. get used to D. fit in10. With many years of working experience, Jack is _ for the job.A. required B. qualified C. substituted D. distributed11. The little girl crossed a large area of grassland into the woods _ she realized that she was lost.A. when B. as C. after D. before12. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is13. Each week he tried to _ a few dollars for an overseas trip.A. set apart B. set aside C. set about D. set out 14. The old man sat in front of the radio every evening, _ his favorite program.A. dying to hear B. was dying to hear C. dying to have heard D. is dying for hearing15. _ prices _so fast, we cant afford luxuries.A. With; raised B. As; raising C. With; rising D. As; risen16. _ is known to the world, the Chinese in many places _ the old traditions.A. That; keep on B. which; keep out C. It ; keep back D. As; keep up 17. Dr. Josh has started a social enterprise _ young people can get involved in helping the community. A. which B. where C. that D. when18. The doctor from Shanghai recommended that the patient _.A. is not operated B. should operate on C. not be operated on D. was not operated 19. You can buy the computer here in our shop. And I promise _ else can you find another one at such a low price with the same configuration(配置 ). A. anywhere B. everywhereC. somewhereD. nowhere 20. It is a truth universally _ a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.A. reflected which B. acknowledged that C. interpreting which D. contradicted that第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Many of us spend a great deal of time and energy trying to prove that we are right and others are wrong. Many people 21 that its their job to show others how their positions, statements, and points of view are 22 , and that on doing so, the person they are correcting is going to somehow _23 it, or at least learn something. Wrong!Think about it. Have you ever been _24 by someone and said to him, “Thank you so much for showing me that Im wrong and youre right”? Or, has anyone you know ever 25 you when you corrected them, or made yourself “right” at their 26 ? Of course not. The truth is, all of us 27 to be corrected. We all want our position to be 28 and understood by others. Being listened to and heard is one of the greatest 29 of the human heart. And those who learn to 30 are the most loved and respected. Those who are in the 31 of correcting others are often resented(怨恨 ) and 32 .A wonderful way for becoming more peaceful and loving is to practice 33 others the joy of being right -give them the glory. 34 correcting. When someone says, “ I really feel its important to ”, rather than breaking 35 and saying, “No, its more important to”, simply let it go and allow their statement to 36 . The people in your life will become less defensive and more 37 . They will appreciate you more than you could ever have 38 . Youll discover the joy of joining in and witnessing other peoples 39 , which is far more rewarding than a battle of egos( 自我 ). Starting today, let others be “ 40 ” , most of the time. 21. A. believe B. doubt C. prove D. tell22. A. unimportant B. unbelievable C. incorrect D. imperfect23. A. consider B. appreciate C. understand D. refuse24. A. fooled B. helped C. taught D. corrected25. A. thanked B. rewarded C. cared D. accepted26. A. side B. price C. expense D. value27. A. like B. hate C. prefer D. afford28. A. admired B. received C. realized D. respected29. A. shortcomings B. advantage C. desires D. wishes30. A. talk B. praise C. help D. listen31. A. habit B. form C. position D. purpose32. A. punished B. avoided C. left D. laughed33. A. letting B. lending C. allowing D. owing34. A. Stop B. Continue C. Practise D. Try35. A. out B. up C. in D. off36. A. last B. send C. work D. stand37. A. helpful B. loving C. careful D. popular38. A. dreamed B. requested C. asked D. demanded39. A. sufferings B. worries C. progress D. happiness40. A. happy B. right C. sorry D. proud 第二部分 阅读理解（第一节20小题，第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分）第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ABrazil is a federation that consists of twenty-six states and one federal district. The biggest majority of Brazils population belongs to the Christian religion and almost all of them are Catholics. This is something Brazil inherited(继承) being Portugals colony(殖民地).Historically, the country was a colony claimed by people from Portugal and this made Portuguese the official language. The Portuguese reached Brazil in 1500 and until that moment it was inhabited by semi-nomadic(半游牧的) people. The Portuguese changed Brazil into a country of slaves until 1800, when Maria I of Portugal came to live in Brazil. The Queen did not stay long in Brazil, but during the 20 years of royal presence a lot of changes occurred: commercial ports to United Kingdom were opened; Brazil stopped being isolated(孤立) from other countries. So at the moment of getting the independence on the 7th of September, 1822, Brazil already had the potential to develop. The Brazilian Empire, Pedro I, abolished slavery in 1888 in the face of Princess Isabel. A lot of European people started coming to Brazil and the industry of the country started working. In the 19th and the 20th century as it has been said above foreign people immigrated(移民) to Brazil and basically 5 million European and Japanese people became the residents of Brazil. The beginning of the 20th century was especially marked by the immigration of a lot of Asian people: Japanese, Korean and Chinese immigrants. As a matter of fact Japanese people do not immigrate a lot, and the fact that the Brazilian-Japanese people are the largest Japanese minority in the world does astonish greatly.The majority of the cultural inherits of Brazil are actually Portuguese, due to the fact that Brazil was Portugals colony for a very long time. The southern states mainly consist of European population and the north and the northeast consist of a mixed population including Africans, Amerindians and Europeans. Most of this population is Roman Catholic. No other country in the world has the same amount of Catholics. The modern tendency of Brazil is the growing number of people calling themselves Protestants. Around 7.4% of the population dont believe any god. Some Brazilians, especially in the northern states are mixed Africans who prefer following the traditional African religions. Only 1.8% of the population chose Buddhism, Islam or Judaism.Though Brazil always tried to maintain democracy, it was failed several times by the dictatorship（独裁） of Getulo Vargas. This fact could not affect the political situation in the country.41. Brazil was ruled by Portuguese about _. A. 22 years B. 300 years C. 322 years D. 328 years42. Who might block the development of Brazil? A. Maria I B. Pedro I C. immigrants D. Getulo Vargas43. The writer mainly tells us the _ of Brazil in the passage. A. religionB. historyC. cultureD. political situation44Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Brazil was isolated from other countries when Maria I stayed there. B. The industry of the country started working in 1888. C. Brazil has the largest population of Catholics in the world.D. Some people in Brazil dont believe any god.45. It can be inferred that Brazil is a country with _. A. western cultureB. modern cultureC. traditional cultureD. mixed cultureBFaced with a tough job market, fresh graduates are dreaming of running their own businesses instead. But a recent survey has showed that such ambitions lack the required support and remain just that dreams.The Shanghai MunicipalEmployment Promotion Center poll of 1,276 graduates in several universities and colleges in the city, released last Friday, showed 59.78 percent of respondents considered the possibility of setting up a company or at least a small store. But they just stop at the thinking stage, it stated.Respondents put the top reasons for not going it alone down to a shortage of investment and a lack of business opportunity. They also listed lack of business experience and social networks, the need for advanced study and objections from family members as factors that stood in their way.More than 90 percent of the interviewees said they would rather take up a job after graduating and then consider starting their own business two or three years down the road.Guo Bing, a senior student in Shanghai International Studies University majoring in English, decided he wanted to be his own boss last year. But he is looking for a job first. If I fail to find a satisfying job, I would like to establish a company in exhibition services, Guo said.The Shanghai native has some relatives working in a local printing plant. With their help, Guo hopes to produce exhibition brochures at a relatively low price. He is also confident that his English language skills can help him do well in the industry.Social networking is an important factor leading to business success, Guo said.Guo said that the shortage of graduate jobs is the main reason driving more university students to set up a business right after their graduation.Jiang said the university sets up a business guide team made of government officials and professionals. They regularly give training courses to students who show an interest in having their own business. The parents of university graduates are more willing to help their children start up alone, the survey showed Once you win the support of your family, you have won half the battle, Guo added.46. Which of the following can be the best title?A. A Tough Job Market B. Graduates Who Can Only Dream of Being Boss C. The Ambitious Fresh Graduates D. The Story of Guo Bing47. Which of the following does NOT stop fresh graduates realizing their dreams of being bosses?A. The lack of business opportunity and investment.B. The shortage of business experience.C. Less skilled English language. D. Their family members objections. 48. In the view of Guo Bing, what is the key factor that makes fresh graduates dream of being boss soon aftergraduation?A. Their family dont support them. B. Their social networking is not good.C. There are not enough graduate jobs. D. They want to achieve greater success.49. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Guo Bing?A. He has started his own business with the help of his relatives.B. English is his major in the university.C. He is trying to find a job which can satisfies him.D. He is a Shanghai native.50. Who is this article mostly intended for?A. The parents whose child graduates from university soon.B. Those who will graduate from university.C. Those who want to be bosses.D. The officials who work in the government.CA villa (别墅) designed to resist earthquakes with “self-healing” cracks in its walls, thanks to nanotechnology (纳米技术) applications with self-healing polymers (聚合物), is to be built on a Greek mountainside. The villas walls will include special particles that turn into a liquid when squeezed (压榨) under pressure, flow into cracks, and then harden to form a solid material. The NanoManufacturing Institute (NMI), based in Leeds University, will play a key role in an EU project to construct the home by December 2010. The project, called “Intelligent Safe and Secure Buildings” (ISSB) is funded under the EUs Sixth Framework program. This potentially life-saving scheme is led by German building manufacturer Knauf. The villa will be built in Amphilochia, in western Greece, where Knauf currently runs a manufacturing plant. If the experiment is successful, more tremor-resistant（防震）homes could be built in earthquake zones across the globe. NMI chief executive Professor Terry Wilkins said, “What were trying to achieve here is very exciting. Were looking to use polymers in much tougher situations than ever before on a larger scale.” Monitors contained in the villas walls will be able to collect vast amounts of data about the building over time. Wireless sensors(传感器) will record any stresses and vibrations, as well as temperature, humidity and gas levels. The walls are to be built from new load-bearing steel frames and high-strength gypsum（石膏）board. Prof Wilkins said, “If there are any problems, the intelligent sensor network will be able to alert residents immediately so they have time to escape. If whole groups of houses are so constructed, we could use a larger network of sensors to get even more information. If the house falls down, we have got hand-held devices that can be used over the ruins to pick out where the embedded（嵌入的）sensors are hidden to get some information about how the villa collapsed. Also, we can get information about anyone who may be around, so it potentially becomes a tool for rescue.” 51. The aim of the passage is to _.A. report a piece of interesting newsB. promote tremor-resistant homesC. inform us of the nanotechnology developmentD. tell us something about a tremor-resistant home 52. The villa can resist earthquakes because _.A. it will be built on a special placeB. the cracks in its walls can be healed by the polymers C. the special particles can make its walls strongerD. the intelligent sensor network can tell people where there is a crack53. If the tremor-resistant home falls down, _.A. rescue work can be done more quickly and accuratelyB. the intelligent sensor network will stop workingC. no one can be hurt in the earthquakeD. a warning signal will be given to other residents54. What Prof Wilkins said suggests that _.A. he is doubtful about the projectB. he thinks the tremor-resistant home is perfectly designedC. he is confident in the tremor-resistant homeD. the tremor-resistant home still needs to be tested in a real situation55. It can be inferred from the passage that tremor-resistant home _.A. is still being tried outB. is already under construction C. has been in wide useD. will be put into wide use soonDGoing to school means learning new skills and facts in different subjects. Teachers teach and students learn, and many scientists are interested in finding ways to improve both teaching and learning processes. Sian Beilock and Susan Leving, two psychologists at the University of Chicago, are trying to learn about learning. In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, Beilock and Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn: If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math. “If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in later grades, it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement,” Levine told Science News. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are, then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident. Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learnand teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone. The new study involved 65 girls, 52 boys and 17 first-and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year, and the researchers compa