常见系动词的分类及使用特点.doc

常见系动词的分类及使用特点 系动词词义不完整，在句中不能单独使用（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语，系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。第一类：表示特征或状态的，有be,look,feel,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,turnout（结果是、证明是）等。Youllbeallrightsoon.Youdontlookverywell.Ifeelrathercold.Heseemstobeill.Itappearsthatheisunhappy.Therosessmellsweet.Themixturetastedhorrible.Howsweetthemusicsounds!Thedayturnedout(tobe）afineone.第二类：表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化，有become,get,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run等。Hebecameaworld-famousscientist.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Itgrewdark.Thefoodhasturnedbad.Yesterdayhesuddenlyfellill.Marysfacewentred.Hisdreamhascometrue.Theboysbloodrancold.第三类：表示保持状态的，有keep,remain,continue等。Keepquiet,children!Theweathercontinuedfineforalongtime.Itremainstobeproved.系动词后的表语可以是名词、代词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式、副词、介词短语、词组、从句，系动词be可用于上述所有情况。如：Thepeoplearetherealheroes.(名词)Thatssomethingwehavealwaystokeepinmind.(代词)Sheisoftenthefirsttocomehere.(数词)Sheisprettyandwise.(形容词).Thenewswassurprising.(分词)HisjobisteachingEnglish.(动名词)Theonlymethodistogivethechildmorehelp.(不定式）Imustbeoffnow.(副词)Thebridgeisunderconstruction.(介词短语)Thatwouldbeagreatweightoffmymind.(词组)Thisiswhyhewaslate.(从句)系动词的使用特点：1、所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语，此处略举数例。Ourfuturewillbebeautiful.Shelooksunhappytoday.Doyoufeelcold?Youseem/appearill.Thefoodtastesdelicious.Theweatheristurning/growing/becoming/gettingcold.Heoftenwenthungry.2、能用名词作表语的系动词有：be,become,turn,sound,remain,seem等。Hewasapostmansixyearsago.Hehasbecomeafamousdoctor.Heturnedtraitertohiscountry.Thatsoundsagoodidea.Heremainsanordinaryworker.Heseemsastrangertome.3、能用不定式作表语的系动词有：appear,seem,get,prove,remain等。Sheappears/seemstobeveryyoung.Heappears/seemstohavecaughtcold.Theygottobefriends.Thetheoryprovedtoberight.Muchremainstobedone.4、能接从句的有：be,seem,appear,sound,look等。Thatswhyhefellill.Myideaisthatweshouldhelphim.Itseems/appearstomethatsomethingiswrong.Itsoundstomeasifsomeoneweretryingtogetintothehouse.Yourvoicesoundsasifyouhadacold.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.5、能接介词短语的有：be,feel,look,sound,taste,remain等。be是特别活跃的系动词，其后可接很多介词短语作表语。Heisathome/inthelibrary/onthewayhome/onholiday.Thepoliceareafterhim.Heisatworkonanewinvention.Hefoundthegirlwasintears.Theyareonduty/onstrike/onleave.Theroadisunderrepair.其它系动词能和介词搭配的范围很小，如：Itfeelslikearain.Itlookslikearain.Itsoundslikeatraingoingundermyroom.Ittastesofapples.这有苹果的味道。Theconcertremainsinmymemory.6、能接分词的系动词有：be,become,get,grow,seem,appear.Hisreportwassurpring/disappointing/delighting/moving/astonishingTheboywasmoved/delighted/surprised/disappointed/astonished.Hehasbecome/got/grown/interestedinmodernphysics.Heseems/appearsdrunk.系动词后接的其它东西，如代词、数词、动名词、副词、词组，基本都是be的用法，其它系动词几乎不能这样用或用法很少，这里就不再多讲了。She appears/ seems to be very young. He appears/ seems to