2014高考英语 语法填空讲义.doc

语法填空考点一：介词1语法概念：介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的虚词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有_,_或相当于名词的其他词类，_或_作它的宾语。介词和它的_构成介词词组，在句中作_，_，_或_。注意一些与动词、名词、形容词等习惯搭配的介词；介词一定要有_，若是动词作介词的宾语，常用_形式。2例句分析：1. The English play _ which my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.2. The sunlight came in _ the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.3. No one helped me. I did it all _ myself.4. You know, Bob is a little slow _ understanding, so So I have to be patient _ him.5. They had a pleasant chat _ a cup of coffee.6. Please write _ ink, never _ a pencil.7. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _ the developments and recorded every detail.8. Instead of calling _ his uncle, he called _ my new house with his wife that day.规律搭配介词短语in front of in place of in point of in spite of in case of in memory of in need of=in want of in favor of in charge of in praise of in search of in honor of出于动机；由于原因 out of curiosity out of carelessness out of necessity在范围以外；超越界限以外 out of sight out of the ordinary sing out of the tune out of breath out of print out of shape out of controlwith care= carefully with difficulty =difficultly with warmth= warmly with pride= proudly with curiosity=curiously with surprise= surprisedlyto ones surpriseto ones relief to ones joy to ones satisfactory to ones disappointmentto ones astonishment to ones annoyance /delight/regret/sorrow/amazement stick to II. 易误用作其它词类的介词 against without concerning1. against 相反；反对；违反；撞着，碰着; 倚靠 ,argue against be against have an objection against = disagree to/with /oppose /object to 45% of the students have an objection against the rule.45% of the students oppose the rule.45% of the students are against the rule.45% of the students object to the rule.His desk is against the wall.The professor is leaning against the wall. 2. without 没有、不、无、 在范围以外：without fear 无畏without his reach 超出他所及的范围without expression 毫无表情without hesitation 毫不迟疑Without air, water and sunlight there would be no living things. If there were no air, water or sunlight , there would be no living things3. concerning 关于；涉及；就而言The newborn baby is a new question concerning the young husband and wife. We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.一、 基础训练（一）在下列空格中填上适当的介词_ the morning 在早上 _ the afternoon 在下午 _ the evening 在晚上 _ the day 在白天_ dawn 在黎明时候 _ noon 在中午 _ night 在夜间 _ midnight 在午夜_ six oclock 在6点钟 _ 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7点半 _ half past eleven 在11点半_ nine fifteen 在9点15分 _ ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分 _ 1927 在1927年 _ April 在四月 _ March 在三月 _ December 1986 1986年12月 _ July l983 1983年7月_ spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季 _ autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季 _the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周 _ the third week 在第三周_ May the first 5月1日 _the first 1号 _ the sixteenth 16号 _ the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日 _ a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚 _ Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日) _ New Years Day 在元旦 _ my birthday 在我的生日_ the morning of 18th 18日早晨 _ the evening of 4th 4日晚上 turn _the lights 开灯come _ China 来之中国 in front _the door 在门的前面 _ the door 在门的后面（二）在下列句子中填入适当的介词1）. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair. 2）. A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little men.3）. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much. 4）. I began to feel _ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. 5）. Everything was perfect for the picnic except _ the weather. 6）. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school _ girls of your age. 7）. Although _ my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own. 8）. Scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter _ physical and mental health. 9）. Experts have been warning _ some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking. 10）. The manager suggested an earlier date _ the meeting. 11）. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days.12）. Some students often listen to music _ classes to refresh themselves. 13）. The open-air celebration has been put off because _ the bad weather. 14）. Sorry. Madam. Youd better come tomorrow because its _the visiting hours.15）. Its quite_ me why such things have been allowed to happen. 16）. Its a top secret.Yes, I see. I will keep the secret _ you and me.17）. People have always been curious_ how living things on the earth exactly began. 18）. After the earthquake, the injured were cared_ in the local hospitals or taken to the hospitals in the neighboring cities. 19）. I would like a job which pays more, but _ the other hand I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment. 20）. More and more young people are fond _ playing tennis nowadays. 21）. Leave your key with a neighbor _ case you lock yourself out one day. 22）. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, _ which there wont be much work. 23）. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _ which New York is an example. 24）. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _which appeared a rare rainbow soon. 25）. The book was written in 1946, _ when the education system has witnessed great charges. 26）. He was educated at the local high school, _ which he went on to Beijing University. 27）. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _which they can be controlled on purpose. （三）、语篇模拟：用适当的介词填空 Fathers Day occurs on the 3rud Sunday in June. The idea for creating a day 1_children to honor their fathers began in Spokane, Washington. A woman2_the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought3 _ the idea for Fathers Day while listening to a Mothers Day sermon 4_ 1909. Having been raised 5_ her father, Henry Jackson Smart, after her mother died, Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was 6_her. It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was,7 _the eyes of his daughter, a courageous, selfless, and loving man. Sonoras father was born in June, so she chose to hold the first Fathers Day celebration 8_ Spokane, Washington 9_the 19th of June, 1910. In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge announced the third Sunday in June 10_Fathers Day. Roses are the Fathers Day flowers.二、近几年高考题1）、But never again did my mother close out my day _35_ that familiar expression of her love. 2）、While teamwork may offer the chance to blame others _32_ your mistakes3）、Well, it was strange to me to see so many stray cats on such a small island. So I asked the locals 33 more details. 4）、The island is isolated in the sea and originally had no cats. Ten yers ago, when the island was developed 35 a national park, tourists began to swarm in.。 5）、We asked a lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a well-mannered person _32_ the way they occupied the space around them.6）、and then began to sell her works _35_a little money. 7）、Personally, I think the skill for reading comprehension should be based 37 the knowledge of English writing.8）、we should learn the knowledge of writing, study how questions are designed and the relationship _40_ questions and the reading materials.9）、Does this direct contact _35_the patient and the computer mean that we do not need doctors any more?10）、A national survey of more than 7500 professionals has found that almost one _32_ ten reported moderate (中度) to severe depressive symptoms.11）、The legal profession had the worst result, _33_ almost 16 percent reporting symptoms of clinical depression (临床抑郁症).12）、As a born and raised New Yorker and a true indoor girl, I had some trouble imagining sleeping in the park _35_ fun.13）、Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. 31 these proverbs there are often interesting stories. 14）、He was very tired 36 doing this for a whole day。 15）、and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home 35 a happy heart. 16）、I feel that one of my main duties a teacher is to help the students to become better learners. 17）、I once took a walk along the street 16 a Saturday dusk, with a Pepsi can in my hand.18）、I was mercifully landed _25_ the ground unharmed, saved by luck.”19）、We believe that she is in that 90%, but we know theres still a long road ahead 20 us.20）、when they passed by, giving flowers and their blessings 22 the athletes. To21）、They were also joined by more than 300 mothers of children 23 a disability from all over China. 22）、Many schools are giving in to parental impatience and are purchasing hardware 21 good educational planning.23）、For the next few minutes he and his wife spoke 24 Russian as if I understood every word, and I spoke English as if I knew he would understand.24）、research has shown that motivation is very important in learning a language; you need to be enthusiastic at it and to be interested in it. Different people will have different motives(动机)the desire 16 promotion, the hope of being able to study abroad, and the pure intellectual enjoyment are only some of the possible motives. 25）、Officials have blamed Taliban insurgents（叛乱分子）as part of efforts to discourage voters 20 taking part in the coming election.26）、 Thousands of US Marines and British soldiers are engaged 23 major anti-insurgency operations to improve security 24 Afghans go to vote.27）、But Americans all-time favorites are cats and dogs, because dogs can offer protection from thieves and unwelcome visitors and cats can help get rid _18_ the home unwanted pests28）、To pay for the high-tech health care, people can buy health insurance _22_ their pets29）、Some high school students may be required to have an interview 20 people from the university. 30）、It was a cold and cloudy afternoon. I was on the bus with my children, aged four and two, heading home when it started to rain. I realized this would mean a wet walk home 16 the bus stop. 31）、It was a lesson to me that its possible to give without expecting anything 25 return. 32）、Sometimes we are the blind horse being guided by the little ringing bell of our acquaintances; _25_other times we are the guide horse, who helps others to find their way.33）、A husband away _32_ a business trip can write home to his wife two thousand miles away knowing that the letter will reach her in a few days. 34）、_37_the Middle Ages on, there were indeed special messengers who carrying state correspondence, and other messengers employed to travel with news between the great monasteries or the great merchants houses, but for centuries there was no official post service by which private letters could be sent. 35）、As we all know, games play a very important role in the growth of children. Children should grow along with playing games; for, 16 playing games, they can not only acquire knowledge, but also cultivate their abilities to get along with others.36）、Whats more, some parents put _the childrens toys which are very useful in developing childrens imagination and practical abilities.37）、I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him_8_ his own either.语法填空考点二：连词语法概念：连词是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。例句分析：1.They wanted to charge $4,000 for the car, _ we managed to bring the price down.2. I do every single bit of housework _ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.3. We were winning in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.4. Clearness rather _ loudness is often the main requirement in speaking.5. Either you go home right away, _ you stay here for another two days.6. _ (give) blood if you can and many lives will be saved.7. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process _ it requires attention as well as memory and imagination.类型一：复合句和并列句1. “Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _32_ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house”2. In Japan，for example，it is normal for the woman to send chocolates to the man, _37_ in Korea April 14th is known as “Black Day” and is when the unfortunate men who received nothing on Valentines Day gather to eat noodles and show sympathy for each other类型二：复杂修饰成分1.In Indonesia, where Obama lived _35_ a child, hundreds of students at his former elementary school erupted in cheers when he _36_ (declare) winner, pouring into the courtyard _37_ they hugged, danced in the rain and chanted “Obama! Obama!”2.Being very short of money and wanting to do something _32_ (use), I applied, fearing as I did so, that _33_ a degree and with no experience of teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.类型三：分隔结构考试中出现较多的是先行词与定语从句的分隔，主语与谓语的分隔。1. “While she was getting me _34_ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my Car to pull it to _35_ small town some 20 kilometers away _36_ there was a garage.”2. Some are young people _37_, for one reason or another, have left home and have nowhere to live.3. But the lives of the ancient people who once lived around the lake and 31 culture was thought to be highly advanced, have long remained a secret. 练习：1. I cant sleep well at night, _I often feel very tired in the day.2. - Can you play football?- Yes, I can, _ I cant play it very well.3. Study hard, _ you will fall behind. 4. _ John _I are policemen. 5.He didnt go to sleep _he finished his homework. 6. Will you go to the cinema with me you are free？ 7. The woman was_ angry_ she couldnt speak anything.8. For some people, traveling abroad is the thing they enjoy most in life; for others, , cultural differences make them feel uncomfortable. 9. The things people like about Benetton Stores are the quality is always high and the prices are generally low. 10. It might be all right to tell a friend you loved the shirt you got as a gift you know youll never wear it. 11.Our educational system must prepare our citizens to be persons who have great respect for nature for mankind and persons who want to enrich the world. 12. CCTV is exactly like a window on the world_ you sit by it and fix your attention on what it shows. 13_ human beings live in large numbers, the waters are very likely to be polluted. 14. Some children are mad over video games. They just cant tear themselves away from them _ they start. 15. These countries will join one another against terrorism, _ was agreed to at the international conference. 16. He slipped and had his leg broken. _, he will have to be away from school for two or three months. 17. The car is in _ bad condition _ you cant drive it. 18. I told them the date _ I joined the Party, _ I would never forget. 19. The fellow in rags, _ nobody seemed to say anything, tried to explain that he was not a beggar. 20. She disappeared _ I could have a word with her. Anyway, she wouldnt listen to me.21. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert _ it means standing in queue all night. 22. The argument remains extremely heated _there are necessary conditions of existence such as water on the Mars. 23.Madame Curie, _ life was hard at college, was a woman of strong characters and thats why she made her mark in history. 24. Although Anne is happy with her success, she wonders _ will happen to her private life.25. We agreed to accept _ they thought was the best tourist guide.26.In some countries, _ is called “equality” does not really means equal rights for all people27.John King wanted to become a teacher, he liked children very much, he was 21 years old, he began teaching in a small school. He was good at teaching, he laughed a lot with the children in class. One day a girl asked him,“Mr King, why does a mans hair become grey his beard(胡须) does.”John couldnt answer the question, he didnt get angry. He wondered some one could answer it. Then one of the boys said，“I know, Mr King! Mens hair becomes grey first its sixteen years older their beard.” 语法填空考点三：动词 语法填空中，提示词为动词时，从几方面考虑？题组一1. After a four-day journey, the young man _(present) the water to theold man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled warmly and thanked .2. Every few years, the coal workers _(have) their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. 3. people stepped on your feet or _(push) you with their elbows, hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. 题组二：解题并思考，本组题的考点是什么？1. Her mother was excited. “ Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane _ (inform) 2. Linda, make sure the tables _ (set) before the guests arrive. 题