高考英语模考冲刺讲义阅读专项提升.doc

英语学科教师辅导讲义学员编号： 年 级：高三 课 时 数：3学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：授课类型阅读专项提升授课日期及时段一专题知识梳理知识点1：答案的十个特征1、 体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的是答案；2、 照抄原文的不是答案，同义替换的是答案；3、 含义不肯定的是答案，如：can could may usually might most more or less relatively be likely to含义绝对的不是答案： must always never the most all any none entirely含义相反的是答案；4、 具体的不是答案，概括性的、抽象的是答案；5、 带有some的是答案：someone somebody sometime something certain；6、 简单的不是答案，复杂的是答案，字面意思不是答案，含义深刻的是答案；7、 带虚词的是答案：another other more either both also beside additional extra different same particular nearly not enough 8、 “变化”是答案：change delay improve postpone increase9、 “重要的、基础的”是答案：important necessity essential basis be based on10、 二选一：反义项有答案；形似项有答案；近义项有答案。知识点2：阅读题的四种题型及其命题思路1、 主旨题中心思想 Main idea what is the main idea / point of this passage? Main topic what is the main topic / subject / title? Purpose what is the authors main purpose in the passage?对策：答案多在文章的首句或末句；答案：多为概括性的选项2、 细节性问题 Accroding考查对文章内容的掌握，如：时间、地点、事件等细节问题。对策：利用题目中的关键词找文章中的对应词，在对应词的周围寻找答案。 Number考查对文章中数字的掌握，1） 运算型：通过简单的四则运算求答案。对策：原始数据不是答案。2） 多选一型：文中出现多个时间或数字，对应不同的事物，考其中的一个。对策：对号入座。3） 范围型 Except题型即三缺一型，要求选出一个不符合文章内容的选项。 Which题型对策：这两种主要考并列句、列举句3、 推断型问题命题包括以下动词：infer, imply, suggest, conclude, assume.对策： 根据文中的关键词、短语、结构进行推断；通过阅读某段或几段内容；注意：要根据文中内容进行推断，不能凭空猜测。4、 词汇型问题 考查熟词偏义或在特定场合具体的词义；对策：常见含义不是答案 生词的含义推断对策：根据上下文判断其合理的词义才是唯一的出路。总结：常见的命题思路：l 文章的中心、段落的中心l 指代关系make gains make a profitl 因果关系 正因果关系文中A导致B，问题：有了B这一结果，为什么，答案是A 反因果关系文中A具有X特性，B与A不同，问，B有何特点，答案是非X特性。A 非B， 或考非A B知识点3：文章的十大考点1、 列举处常考 细节题，特别是Which型和Except型；2、 转折处和对比处常考：However, but, yet, in fact, although, 转折：unlike, until, however, but等；3、 例子常考 推断题和细节题：as, such as, for example, for instance, i.e. etc. 4、 数字和年代常考：文中的数字、年代和日期常常是命题的重点；5、 最高级和绝对性词汇常考 答案具有唯一性：must, all, only, anyone, always, never,或most, first；6、 专有名词常考：人名、地名等专有名词；7、 细节处常考 细节题：同位语，插入语，定语，长句的后半句，从句，副词，介词，不定式；8、 因果句常考 推断题：因果连词：because, since, for, as, therefore, so, consequently etc.因果动词：cause, result in，originate from, etc.因果名词：base, basis, result, consequence. etc.9、 段落中心句常考 主题题和细节题：段首句和文尾句往往是作者表达中心思想和进行总结综述之处；10、 特殊标点常考 细节题：破折号、括号、冒号表示解释，引号表示引用。二专题精讲例1. 选择题阅读ABC篇Mike frowned (皱眉) at his calendar and then picked up his guitar. His band had been together for five months. Everyone said they were fantastic but they still had not been blessed with a paying job. The three guys had become acquainted in band class, and organizing a group had been Mikes idea. Mike played the guitar and acted as leader. John was on drums and James was on the saxophone. The three got together just for fun and named their group playday. But when some fans praised their talent, they decided to turn fun into profit. To make themselves known, Playday volunteered to entertain at parties. They played for free at school get-togethers. Mike loved the applause! He felt like a superstar. They practiced hard and discussed young musicians who had vaulted into prominese.“The Jackson Five were kids,” John said. “Michael shot to fame like a rocket! He exclaimed. “We can do it!” Mike encouraged the group. After months of keeping spirits high, Mike was tired.They havent seen even a cent. Let alone making a killing. Everyone was in low spirits. They decided to break up after one final volunteer job. The next day, they were to perform for patients at Childrens Hospital where Mikes mother worked as a nurse. The next day the three young gus up in the hospital lobby, and the nurses brought in the audience. As Playday began its number, Mike could feel their lack of spirit. Then Mike spotted one patient sitting limply in her wheelchair. Her expression was vacant, but when music filled the room, this rag doll came to life. She sat up straight, and the light that shone in her eyes lighted up something in Mike. He felt the thrill hed been missing. As Mikes playing caught fire ,James and John gaind energy. Soon Playday was rocking as never before. After the performance, the three guys spent time with the patients. Mike spoke to the girl who had encouraged him to play so well. “Wouldnt it feel great to be rich and famous?” she asked, eyes still bright. “Will you be a rock Star?”“Probably not,” Mike answered. “But Ill never give up my music. It felt like the big time playing for you!”66. The underlined phrase “had vaulted into prominence” most likely means _. A. had grown into adults B. had made a promise C. had played The Jackson Five D. had become successful答案：D解析：细节题。定位文中第四和第五段，“The Jackson Five were kids,” John said. “Michael shot to fame like a rocket! He exclaimed.以及“We can do it!” Mike encouraged the group.说明他们讨论的是已经成功有名气的音乐家。故选D。67. The members of Playboy were tired and depressed because they _. A. had no offer of a playing performance B. competed cruelly with other bands C. called an end to the bandD.performed at the Childrens Hospital答案：A解析：细节题。定位文中第六段，They havent seen even a cent.说明他们没获得什么表演机会，故选A。68.While performing at the Childrens Hospital, Mike became inspired because _. A.his guitar caught fire B.a girl took him as a rock star C.a patient was much cheered up D.a toy doll suddenly became alive 答案：C解析：细节题。定位文中第八段，Her expression was vacant, but when music filled the room, this rag doll came to life. She sat up straight, and the light that shone in her eyes lighted up something in Mike.故选C。69.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Mike, John and James got to know each other as they were relatives. B. They planned to make money when they had a big fan base. C. Their wonderful performance at Childrens Hospital cured the girl of her disease. D. Mike found out the enjoyment of volunteer performance after playing at the hospital.答案：D解析：推断题。A答案错误，他们三人因为音乐组成乐队而认识；B答案错误，是when some fans praised their talent而不是when they had a big fan base；C答案错误，音乐不可能治愈生理疾病，而是cheer up。例2. 六选四阅读We often hear passionate arguments about how American students have too homework or too little. But I believe what should matter to parents and educators is this: How effectively do childrens after-school assignments advance learning?Fortunately, research is available to help parents, teachers and school administrators make homework smarter._1_ Instead of concentrating the study of information in large one-shot doses as many homework assignments currently do, learners encounter the same material in briefer sessions spread out over a longer period of time.A second learning technique, known as “retrieval practice”, employs a familiar tool the test- in a new way : not to assess what students know, but to reinforce it. _2_ The self-quizzing involved in retrieval practice is simply an effective way to focus less on the input of knowledge (passively reading over textbooks and notes) and more on its output (calling up that same information from ones own brain).In another common misconception, most of us assume that if information feels easy to absorb, weve learned it well. In fact, just the opposite is true. When we work hard to understand information, we recall it better; the extra effort signals the brain that this knowledge is worth keeping. This phenomenon, known as cognitive disfluency, promotes learning so effectively that psychologists have divised all manner of “desirable difficulties” to introduce into the learning process. _3_ An interleaved assignment mixes up different kinds of situations or problems to be practiced, instead of grouping them by type. When students cant tell in advance what kind of knowledge or problem-solving strategy will be required to answer a question, their brains have to work harder to come up with the solution and the result is that they learn the material more thoroughly.Maybe the heated debates about the amount of homework children are assigned would cool if it became that the homework was effectively advancing their learning._4_ Our assignment now is to make it happen.答案：FBED解析：1. 通读全文可知，本文简介了三种更好的布置作业的方式，第二段引出了三种方式的介绍。由第四段第一句的A second learning technique可知，本段第一句应为介绍第一种方式的主题句，与选项F的内容相符。2. 选项B中的make it stronger and more lasting与上一句中的reinforce it相对应。3. 由上下文可知，这里要具体介绍desirable difficulties，且后一句中的An interleaved assignment与选项E中的called interleaving相对应。4. 本段为本文的总结段落。文中简介的三种方法都是以科学研究为基础的，与选项D中的Science has shown us相对应。另外，后一句中的it指代选项D中的a powerful contribution to learning。三专题演练 Asias Challenge 2020 Essay PrizeDESCRIPTIONWhat is the most important challenge facing Asia over the next decade? Why? What should be done about it?The best answer in 3,000 words or less will win a prize of $2,500. Two runners-up will be awarded prizes of $1,000 each. These three prize winners will be invited to Singapore for an expenses-paid awards ceremony, The winning articles will be posted on Time. com.PIJRPOSEThe main purpose of the essay prize is to generate fresh ideas for tackling key challenges to Asiascontinued competitiveness and development, as well as encourage young professionals to make animpact on public policy and business in Asia.SELECTION CRITERIAThe essay will be judged according to creativity, innovation, rigor of research and writing, as well as achievability of idea. It can be focused on one or more areas relevant to Asia, such as macro-economics, business, international relations, trade and investment, education, healthcare, urban development, science and technology, and energy and the environment. The essay must be written in English. It should not have been previously published in English in a publication with broad international circulation.CANDIDATE REQUIREMENTSThe candidate authoring the essay must be under 32 years of age as of December 31, 2010. Thecandidate must be an Asian national. SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS The essay should be submitted electronically to prize asiabusinesscouncil. Org. by August 31, 2010. Prize winners will be announced in September 2010. . The submission should contain the candidates full name, nationality, and month and year of birth. The essay should include a title and word count.70. What is the main purpose of the essay prize? A. To select young professionals of both ability and imagination. B. To predict the prospects of Asia in the next decade. C. To issue the challenges facing Asia. D. To inspire brilliant ideas for solving problems in Asia.71. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A. The winners of the essay prize can travel to Singapore for free. B. Articles published in local newspapers will not be accepted. C. Young people from Russia or Australia are excluded from the essay prize. D. The candidates article can deal with several aspects of developments in Asia.72. The candidates article should be sent A. by air mail B. by e-mail C. by surface mail D. by express mailKeys: DBBAccording to Nielsen, the average number of mobile phone calls we make is dropping every year, after hitting a peak in 2007. And our calls are getting shorter: In 2005 they averaged three minutes in length; now theyre almost half that. We are moving, in other words, toward a fascinating cultural transition: the death of the telephone call. This shift is particularly plain among the young. Some colle8e students I know go days without talking into their smartphones at all. This generation doesnt make phone calls, because everyone is in constant, lightweight contact in so many other ways: texting, chatting, and social-network messaging. And we dont just have more options than we used to. We have better ones: These new forms of communication have exposed the fact that the voice call is badly designed. It deserves to die, Consider: If l suddenly decide I want to dial you up, I have no way of knowing whether youre busy, and you have no idea why Im calling. We have to open Schrodingers box every time, having a conversation to figure out whether its OK to have a conversation. Plus, voice calls are emotionally high-bandwidth, which is why its so weirdly exhausting to be interrupted by one. (We apparently find voicemail even more torturous: Studies show that more than a fifth of all voice messages are never listened to. ) The telephone, in other words, doesnt provide any information about status, so we are constantly interrupting one another. The other tools at our disposal are more polite. Instant messaging lets us detect whether our friends are busy without our annoying them, and texting lets us ping: one another but not at the same tune. (Plus, we can spend more time thinking about what we want to say.) Despite the hue and cry about becoming an always on society, were actually moving away from the demand that everyone should be available immediately. Well still make fewer phone calls, as most of our former phone time will migrate to other media. But the calls we do make will be longer, reserved for the sort of deep discussion that the medium does best. As video chatting becomes more common, enabled by the new iPhone and other devices, we might see the growth of persistent telepresence, leaving video-chat open all day so we can speak to a spouse or colleague spontaneously. Or, to put it another way, well call less but talk more.73. The writer of the text thinks that what is happening with mobile phone calls is . A. an unexpected occurrence B. a strange but very predictable fact C. an interesting social phenomenon D. negative for social interaction74. In paragraph 3, the writers attitude towards phone voice calls is . A. doubtful B. concerned C. positive D. negative75. The phrase “hue and cry in paragraph 5 means . A. appeal B. protest C. claim D. argument76. What does the writer think will happen to voice calls in the future?A. They will only be used in emergencies.B. they will continue to get more expensive.C. They will only be used between family members.D. They will be used mainly for intimate and detailed discussions.77. What is the best title of the passage?A. Video ChattingB. Talking into Smartphones C. The Death of the Phone Call D. Mobile Phone CallsKeys: BDBDCWith thinning brown hair and nearly invisible eyebrows, Margaret Fisher sits down in the salon chair. She received a diagnosis of Stage IV pancreatic cancer almost two years ago and has undergone 18 radiation treatments and six rounds of chemotherapy since. A hairstylist places a wig on Fishers head and draws eyebrows on her bare face. Fisher, 63, looks in the mirror and smiles.Such smiles are common at the Image Recovery Center, a beauty salon inside the Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center in Baltimore. _1_Self-images effect on health and recovery is a topic filled with anecdotal evidence but few data. Nonetheless, doctors and nurses are finding that paying attention to what might be seen as superficial concerns hair and makeup has a positive effect on patients, with beauty regimes being bright spots in what can be a dreary journey through radiation and other therapies. _2_Andrew Thompson, who teaches clinical psychology at the University of Sheffield in England, does research on the ways people adjust to what he calls “appearance-altering conditions.” Exploring patients psychological reactions, he suggests, may lead to interventions that can ease their distress.The Image Recovery Center takes a concrete approach to image problems, as does the Look Good . . . Feel Better program of the American Cancer Society. In 2002 the program released findings of a survey showing that “86 percent of women cancer patients said that looking good helps them feel better and gives them more confidence to cope with their disease.”Salons throughout the world are offering more and more services tailored to those struggling with the effects of cancer. _3_ Wig salons are tailoring their services.The Look Good Feel Better program offers free monthly sessions in most Washington area hospital. The group sessions offer cancer patients beauty techniques, videos and online tips. _4_答案：FDBEUntil now, predicting exactly what makes a bestseller was somewhat of a mystery, yet researchers from New York claim to have created an algorithm (算法) to do just that. By analyzing the words used in classic books, the algorithm was able to correctly predict which books were bestsellers, and which were less successful, in 84 percent of cases. _1_ The algorithm, developed at Stony Brook University, used a method called “statistical stylometry” that can mathematically analyze words and grammar in text. Computer scientists from the university download classic books, including Charles Dickens A tale of two cities, Dan Browns The Lost Symbol and Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe. They also scanned bestselling list on Amazon. Each books text was scanned using a specially designed algorithm_2_This prediction were compared with the success of each book, based on historical statistics, figures and critical reaction, and were able to match the popularity of the book 84 percent of the time. Successful books tended to feature more nouns and adjectives, as well as a less frequent use of the words “and” and “but”- when compared with less successful books. _3_ Verbs that serve the purpose of quotes and reports, for example the word “ say” and “