英语音标详解ppt课件

EnglishPronunciation EnglishPhonemesSyllables StressandRhythmReadingskillsIntonationDifferencebetween BritishEnglish and AmericanEnglish GameofTones Readthefollowinglettersinrisingtoneandfallingtone ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ EnglishPhonemes VowelsConsonants Background CardinalVowelsFrontCentralBackClosei u Close mide Open mid opena VOWELLetters Aa e Ee i e Ii a Yy a i Oo Uu ju Vowels FrontVowels Openyourmouthalittletomakethesound spreadyourlipswide likeyouaresmiling thisisalongvowel we bee sea field receive police people FrontVowels Firstmakethesound i thenopenyourmouthalittletomakethesound yourlipsaremorerelaxed thisisashortvowel visit exam minute Monday FrontVowels Firstmakethesound thenopenyourmouthalittletomakethesound yourlipsarerelaxed thisisashortvowel end red many head friend FrontVowels Firstmakethesound e thenopenyourmouthalittletomakethesound yourlipsarerelaxed thisisashortvowel am cat CentralVowels Firstmakethesound e thenopenyourtonguebackwardsandloweralittle yourtongueisataroundthemiddleofthemouth Yourlipsaretight term girl word fur learn journal CentralVowels Firstmakethesound e thenopenyourtonguebackwardsandloweralittle yourtongueisataroundthemiddleofthemouth Yourlipsarerelaxed better doctor ago famous color figure today open CentralVowels Firstmakethesound e thenopenyourmouthalittlemore putyourtonguebackwardsandloweralittle butalittlemoreforwardandupthanthesound yourtongueisataroundthelowermiddleofthemouth Yourlipsarerelaxed son but couple blood does BackVowels Firstmakethesound thenopenyourmouthalittlemore putyourtonguebackwardandlower Yourlipsareroundinshape Thisisalongvowel car class half heart aunt Firstmakethesound a thencloseyourmouthalittlemore Yourlipsareslightlyroundinshape Thisisashortvowel BackVowels dog want cough knowledge because BackVowels Firstmakethesound thenmakeyourmouthmoreclosedandmorerounded putthebackofthetongueupalittletomakethesound Thisisalongvowel war talk all horse board before four door law fault bought Backvowels Firstmakethesound thenraisethebackofyourtongueandputforwardalittletomakethesound Yourlipsareslightlyroundinshape Thisisashortvowel foot could bush woman Backvowels Firstmakethesound u thenraisethebackofyourtongueandpullbackwardalittletomakethesound Yourlipsarestronglyroundinshape Thisisashortvowel do goose soup rude chew shoe two fruit Listenandcheckyour Diphthongs Firstmakethesound e thenmakethesound thereisaglidefrom e to gate rain day stein they great sleigh Firstmakethesound a thenmakethesound thereisaglidefrom a to time die cry eye high height buy Firstmakethesound thenmakethesound thereisaglidefrom to boil boy Firstmakethesound a thenmakethesound thereisaglidefrom a to blouse cow Firstmakethesound thenmakethesound thereisaglidefrom to boat toe so low soul though tour Wemadeatouroftheyacht HetookheronatourofEurope Ithinkyouarenotquitesureaboutit Firstmakethesound thenmakethesound thereisaglidefrom to poor tour sure during they cruel usual Firstmakethesound thenmakethesound thereisaglidefrom to withthetonguemovingupfromfronttothemiddlepositioninyourmouth hero here dear cheer media familiar idea period Vietnam fierce medium Firstmakethesound e thenmakethesound thereisaglidefrom e to withthetonguemovingfromlowfronttothemiddlepositioninyourmouth bear care air their there Consonants ConsonantLetters Bb b Dd d Cc k s Ff f Gg g Dd d d Hh h Kk k Gg g d Ll l Mm m Jj d Nn n Pp p Qq k Rr r Ss s z Tt t t Vv v Yy j Ww w Zz z X ks gz Bilabial Plosives Firstcloseyourlipshard andpushtheairinyourmouthforward Openyourlipsfastandsuddenlyreleasetheairtomakethesound Donotuseyourvoice Bilabial Plosives Firstcloseyourlipshard andpushtheairinyourmouthforward Openyourlipsfastandsuddenlyreleasetheairtomakethesound Useyourvoice Alveolar Plosives Firstputyourtonguetipjustbehindyourtopteeth andpushtheairinyourmouthforward Thenmoveawayyourtonguetipfromyourteethridgefastandreleasetheairtomakethesound Donotuseyourvoice teach Thailand better stopped Alveolar Plosives Firstputyourtonguetipjustbehindyourtopteeth andpushtheairinyourmouthforward Thenmoveawayyourtonguetipfromyourteethridgefastandreleasetheairtomakethesound Useyourvoice day middle Velar Plosives Firsttouchthebackoftheroofofyourmouthwiththebackofyourtongue andpushtheairinyourmouthforward Thenmoveawayyourtonguefastandreleasetheairtomakethesound Donotusethevoice cock cake ask like taxi school conquer Velar Plosives Firsttouchthebackoftheroofofyourmouthwiththebackofyourtongue andpushtheairinyourmouthforward Thenmoveawayyourtonguefastandreleasetheairtomakethesound Usethevoice go ghost egg Labio dental Fricative Firstputyourupperteethonyourlowerlip andforcetheairoutbetweenyourteethandlipwithafrication Donotusethevoice fit photo off enough Labio dental Fricative Firstputyourupperteethonyourlowerlip andforcetheairoutbetweenyourteethandlipwithafrication Usethevoice Alveolar Fricatives Firstputyourtonguetipbehindyourupperteethtoalmosttouchtheroofofyourmouth Forcetheairoutoverthetopofyourtonguewithafrication Donotuseyourvoice goose so cent niece taxi science pass box Alveolar Firstputyourtonguetipbehindyourupperteethtoalmosttouchtheroofofyourmouth Forcetheairoutoverthetopofyourtonguewithafrication Useyourvoice his zoo prize those Glottal Fricative Firstopenyourmouth andforceastreamofairoutofyourmouthwithafrication Keepyourtongueofftheroofofthemouth anddonotuseyourvoice hat who Dental Fricative Putyourtonguetipbetweenyourupperteethandlowerteeth Forcetheairoutbetweenyourtongueandupperteethwithafrication Donotuseyourvoice Dental Fricative Putyourtonguetipbetweenyourupperteethandlowerteeth Forcetheairoutbetweenyourtongueandupperteethwithafrication Useyourvoice Palato alveolar Raisethefrontofyourtonguetouardsthemid roofofyourmouth Forcetheairoutfromthetwosidesofyourtonguewithafrication Yourlipsareslightlyroundinshape Donotuseyourvoice sheet machine delicious motion sure tension fascist Palato alveolar Raisethefrontofyourtonguetouardsthemid roofofyourmouth Forcetheairoutfromthetwosidesofyourtonguewithafrication Yourlipsareslightlyroundinshape Useyourvoice casual allusion seizure garage regime Alveolar Lateral Firstputyourtonguetipontheupperteeth ridge Forcetheairoutoverbothsidesofyourtongue Useyourvoicewhenmakingthesound l Whenit sbeforeavowel itisaclear l lost late vanilla Alveolar Lateral Whenitisbeforeaconsonantorattheendoftheword itisadark l alsoas l pull pool talk would Silent l Post alveolar Approximant Raiseyourtonguetiptowardsthebackoftheteethridgewithouttouchit Yourlipsareslightlyroundinshape read carry wrong rhythm Bilabial Approximant Firstmakethesound u thenmakeyourlipstightlyroundandpushtheairout water quite what one Palatal Approximant Firstmakethesound i thenraisethemiddleofyourtonguetotouchtheroofofthemouth makingyourlipsspreadandforcetheairout Useyourvoicetomakethissound yet cue view Bilabial Nasal Firstcloseyourmouth andsendtheairoutfromyournose Useyourvoicetomakethissound andthisisavoicedconsonant man summer comb autumn Alveolar Nasal Firstopenyourmouth andputyourtonguetipagainstyourteethridge thensendtheairoutfromyournose Useyourvoicetomakethissound andthisisavoicedconsonant name funny sign know Velar Nasal Firstopenyourmouth andtouchthebackroofofyourmouthwiththebackofyourtongue thensendtheairoutfromyournose Useyourvoicetomakethissound andthisisavoicedconsonant sing sink Palato alveolar Jointhesound t and Donotusethevoice chair watch question nature Palato alveolar Jointhesound d and Usethevoice jam gem judge adjacent tr tree Thetruckwasheavilyloaded Weplanttreesandflowersinspring Thisideaseemsgoodbutyouneedtotryitout tr Jointhesound t and r Donotusethevoice try victory secretary dr dress Shewearsabeautifuleveningdress Don tdrinkanddrive Ihadsomeverystrangedreamslastnight dr Jointhesound d and r Usethevoice ts boats ts Therearethreeboatsontheriver Twocatsarerunningafteramouse Theskirtsareverylovely Theantslikeeatingapples Firstputyourtonguetipjustbehindyourtopteeth Forcetheairoutbetweenyourtongueandupperteethwithafrication Donotuseyourvoice dz woods dz Theirfamilyoftenpicnicsinthewoods Shefindsthestonesontheseashore SarahandIhadagreattimewhilethekidswereaway Firstputyourtonguetipjustbehindyourtopteeth Forcetheairoutbetweenyourtongueandupperteethwithafrication Useyourvoice Syllables StressandRhythm Syllables Asyllableisaunitoforganizationforasequenceofspeechsounds Asyllableistypicallymadeupofasyllablenucleus avowelorsyllabicconsonant withoptionalinitialandfinalmargins typically consonants syllabicconsonant r m n l aconsonantformsasyllableonitsownoristhenucleusofasyllable animalmiddlebattlecriticismsymbolismtourismcousindozenfrozenbuttoncottonmuttonmaidensuddenwoodenMonosyllableOne SyllablewordsItreegreatpleaselightwordDisyllableTwo SyllablewordsCi tyta blere lystu dentpu pilPolysyllableMulti SyllablewordsBas ket ballna tion al i tyte le phone Stress Thestressplacedonsyllableswithinwordsiscalledwordstressorlexicalstress ThepositionofstressinawordisnotpredictableinEnglish Stressisusuallytrulylexicalandmustbememorizedaspartofthepronunciationofanindividualword Thestressmark isplacedimmediatelybeforeastressedsyllable andwhenthestressedsyllableisinthemiddleofaword thestressmarkalsomarksasyllablebreak Forexampleintheword understood nd st d Sometimesmorethanonelevelofstress suchasprimarystressandsecondarystress maybeidentified Forexampleintheword education GeneralRules PrefixesunstressedSuffixesthatcauseashiftofstressintherootword eous graphy ial ian ic ical ious ity ion Photographpho tographyphoto graphicNumerals stressonthefirstsyllableCompound stressonthefirstelementReflexives stressonself selves Stress winter summer season people picnic swallow gentle rainbowbe ginsuc cessen joyde cideAt tentionbe sidegi raffea larm maga zine uni versity lemo nade under stand conver sation engi neer kanga roo Chi nese thir teen after noon un known six teen seven teen eigh teen nine teen 重读单词 变化 一个单词重读音节的位置变化会导致单词词性发生变化 the recordn tore cordv the presentn topre sentv the desertn tode sertv the producen topro ducev perfectadj toper fectv 句子中的重读和弱读 实词 名词 动词 形容词 副词 以及其他信息词 疑问词 指示代词 物主代词 小品词 否定缩略词 一般是重读 而功能词 冠词 代词 所有格 介词 助动词 连词 一般是弱读 Don tbelate Dobequiet Comeon I don t wanttobelate Who sinthebathroom His wife sItalian The man sinthekitchen sentencestress 强度重要的词语 实词或信息词 制造话语节奏 Rhythm Speakersofstressed timedlanguagessuchasEnglishandMandarinChineseputroughlyequaltimelagsbetweenstressedsyllables withthetimingoftheunstressedsyllablesinbetweenthembeingadjustedtoaccommodatethestresstiming Syllable s l bl syl la bleBasketball b sk tb l bas ket bleTelephone tel f n te le phoneDepartment d p tm nt de part mentTelevision tel v n te le vi sionNecessary nes s ri ne ces sa ryRemarkable r m k bl re mar ka bleEducation ed u ke n ed u ca tionNationality n n l ti na tion al i tyPhysiology f zi l d i phys i ol o gyCommunication k mju n ke n com mu ni ca tionExamination z m ne n ex am i na tionCreativity kri e t v ti cre a tiv i ty RhythmicPatterns 在重读音节和非重读音节之间有长短不同的停顿 非重读音节越多 就读的越快 stress timednature cats eatfishthe catis eatingthefishthe catstherehave eatenthefishthe catstheremusthave eatenthefishthe catstherecouldhavebeen eatingthefish RhythmicPatterns RhythmicPatterns RhythmicPatterns RhythmicPatterns RhythmicPatterns RhythmicPatterns Consonantclusters Word InitialClustersblblowbladeblackblameblankblockclclassclevercloseclueclingclarityflflagflakeflameflankflapflashglgladglassglowglideglazeglanceplplayplanpleaseplantplentyplugslslaveslangslowslotslipsleep brbreadbreakbringbrightbrownbrothercrcrackcradlecreamcreatecrycrossdrdreaddrydrilldreamdressdrivefrfromfryfrogfrontfriendfrostgrgreatgreengrowgroundgriefgrinprpraisepraypreachpracticepreparepresenttrtreetraytrytraintreattrouble Word InitialClusters scscanscalescarescatterschoolscheduleskskirtskyskateskipskillskinslsleepslightsliceslyslipperslendersmsmallsmartsmellsmilesmokesmoothsnsnacksnowsnagsnailsnakesnapspspacespadesparespeakspokespoonststarstaystealstorestopstudentswsweepsweatswellswimswitchSwisssplsplitsplashsplendidsplendorsplurgesplicescrscrabblescramblescratchscreamscreensprspreadspringsprayspritesprinklesproutstrstrangestraightstressstreetstrongstrikesqusquaresquashsqueaksqueezesquealsquawk Word InitialClusters thrthreethreadthrivethrowthroughthrillthwthwackthwaitethwart Word InitialClusters Word FinalClusters voicelessconsonant s s bookscapscupsvoicelessconsonant t t factleftshiftvoicelessconsonant ed t askedlookedworked t s ts boatscoatscatsvoicedconsonant s z pigseggsfilmsvoicedconsonant ed d closedturnedclimbed d s dz bedsspendsgrades f fe s ves vz leaveswivesknivesconsonant y s ies iz ladiesstudiesstories aiz fliesspiestries otherconsonantformation chwatchesshwashesge es iz bridgesxboxessbusest ed id wanteddmended Rhyme HumptyDumptysatonawall HumptyDumptyhadagreatfall Alltheking shorses Andalltheking smen Couldn tputHumptytogetheragain Blow Wind Blow Blow wind blow Andgo mill go Thatthemillermaygrindhiscorn Thatthebakermaytakeit Andintorollsmakeit Andsendussomehotinthemorn I malittleteapot I malittleteapot shortandstout Hereismyhandle hereismyspout WhenIgetallsteamedup hearmeshout Tipmeoverandpourmeout Readingskills 爆破音Plosives 爆破音就是发音的时候 口腔中会形成一层阻碍 必须通过阻碍 发出的声音 b be p peacap d bedduck t bettable g piggirl k pickcat 爆破音 辅音 爆破音和辅音相邻时 爆破音不发出爆破声 只保留发音动作 稍作停顿 实际上 只有后一个辅音发音 b jobsearch p keepquietstoptalkingfriendshipfirstkeepsilentstepforward 爆破音 破擦音 爆破音与 ts dz tr dr t d f v s z r h 相连时 轻微爆破 d hardtimesathousandthanksagoodseasongoodnews t post cardjustthenfirststepbrightsky 爆破音 音节辅音 爆破音与 m n l 相连时 轻微爆破 g abigzooabigtreeabigjarabigfish k takethistakecaretakethreeablackjacket 爆破音1 爆破音2 爆破音3 第一个爆破音为不完全爆破 形成并保持较长时间 第二个不发音 第三个正常爆破 SleptbadlylaggedbehindcollectpenniesRobbedcarspickedberriesadapttothegrowth 爆破音的送气 当爆破音 p t k 在重读音节中紧跟在 s 的后面时 爆破音就不送气 也就是由 b 替代 p d 替代 t g 替代 k Speaksparesportspyspring sb Schoolscarscorescareskirt sg Starstaystealstupidstock sd 弱化weakening 非重读单词弱化 1 元音弱化为 I 或者 be me he she the wehis z he him m a an some the them us am are can do does had has have must shall was were will at for from of to and as but so than that could wouldhad d has z have v must m s will l and n 2 有时候单词的元音消失am m can kn do d had d has z s have v z s some sm shall l them m was wz for fr from frm of v f and nd n than n StrongForms WeakForms StrongForms WeakForms StrongForms WeakForms StrongForms WeakForms StrongForms WeakForms commoncontractions commoncontractions 连读Linking 前一个单词以辅音结尾 后一个单词以元音开头 两个词就发生连读 ComeinWorkoutGoodideaThinkofitReaditagainSpeakEnglishFirstofallAllofus r re结尾的单词 元音开头的单词 r 添音ThereisThereareOurownMoreoverFarawayRememberitLateron 连读 Glides j w 延音滑动 j glide sayjitmyjowntoyjairplane w glide Howwisit bluewinkIsawwit Assimilation ProgressiveAssimilation顺同化前一个语音影响后一个语音studentslaughedbagsbacksmovedfishedRegressiveAssimilation逆同化后一个语音影响前一个语音Haveto h ft hasto h st usedto ju st horsehoe h u hisshirt hi t cupboard k b d fivepens fa f p ns He sinpain m ItrainsinMay m They reinKorea coalescentAssimilation融合同化两个语音互相影响 融合为一个新的音 s t j issuesugarsurenationancientHe scomingthisyear z j plea