流体力学(英文)ppt课件

2020 4 14 1 FluidMechanics 2020 4 14 2 Preface Contents TeachingContents InClassroomExperimentalProjects InTeachingLab Totalhours 54Classroomteachinghours 48Practicehours 6 2020 4 14 3 TeachingContents 1 PartA Totalhours 36 A1Introduction 4hours A2Fluidstatics 6hours A3Fluidkinematics 6hours A4Fluiddynamics 6hours A5Laminarflow turbulentflowandenergyloss 8hours A6Pipeflowandcalculationofpipeline 4hours A7Similaritytheoryanddimensionalanalysis 2hours Fundamental 2020 4 14 4 PartB Totalhours 8 B1Streamfunctionsandpotentialfunctions frictionlessirrotationalflow 4hours B2Boundarylayertheoryandflowpastbody 4hours PartC Totalhours 4 C1ResaerchprogressinFluidMechancis 1hour C2Modernflowmeasurementtechnologies 1hour C3IntroductiontonumericalsimulationofturbulenceflowandcommercialsoftwaresofCFD 2hours TeachingContents 2 Extendedcontents Fundamental 2020 4 14 5 PartAandPartBarethefoundationofFluidMechanics PartCistheextendedcontentsandrefertosomepracticalproblems Thiscoursealsopaysmuchattentiontotheprevalenceofmodernfluidmechanics forexample theintroductiontothetheoryofturbulenceboundarylayerandthesketchofcomputationalfluiddynamics CFD willhelpyourfurtherapplicationsafteryourgraduation TeachingContents 3 2020 4 14 6 ExperimentalProjects 1 In class Required Totalhours 6 E1Hydrostatics 1hour E2VelocitymeasurementwithPitottube 1hour E3FlowmeasurementwithVenturitube 1hour E4VerificationofBernoulliequation 1hour E5Reynoldsexperiment 1hour E6Measurementoffrictionlosscoefficientforcircularpipeflow 1hour 2020 4 14 7 ExperimentalProjects 2 After class Totalhours 6 8 E1Liquidviscositymeasurement 1hour Optional E2Demonstratingexperimentaboutflowpatternandstreamline 1hour Required E3Measurementoflocallosscoefficientforcircularpipeflow 1hour Required E4DemonstratingexperimentaboutSiphonprinciple 1hour Required E5Demonstratingexperimentaboutflowaroundairfoilandcylinder 1hour Required E6Demonstratingexperimentaboutvortexformation 1hour Required E7Self designingexperiments 1hour Optional 2020 4 14 8 Textbook FrankM White FluidMechanics McGrawHillHigherEducation 7thRevisededition 2010 2 2020 4 14 9 References E JohnFinnemore JosephB Franzini FluidMechanicswithEngineeringApplications McGraw HillHigherEducation 10thRevisededition 2001 10 2020 4 14 10 References JinXiaohong LiYuanhui FluidMechanics bilingualTeaching Beijing ChinaPowerPress 2011 9 2020 4 14 11 5 attendance10 homework10 requiredexperiments5 optionalexperiments70 finalexam Grades 2020 4 14 12 Chapter1Introduction Whenyouthinkaboutit almosteverythingonthisplaneteitherisafluidormoveswithinornearafluid FrankM White PreliminaryRemarks Fluidcanbefoundalmosteverywhereontheearth 2020 4 14 13 OverviewofFluidMechanics TheconceptoffluidTheprimaryphysicalpropertyoffluidStudyobjectsofFluidMechanicsThenatureofthesubjectofFluidMechanicsTasksofFluidMechanicsStudyapproachesofFluidMechanicsImportance position ofthecourseHistoryofFluidMechanics Thefollowingaspectswillbediscussed 2020 4 14 14 Theconceptofafluid Asolidcanresistashearstressbyastaticdeformation Afluidcannotresistashearstressbyastaticdeformation Anyshearstressappliedtoafluid nomatterhowsmall willresultinmotionofthatfluid Thefluidmovesanddeformscontinuouslyaslongastheshearisapplied Introduction 2020 4 14 15 Fluidity Fluid Solid yes no Theprimaryphysicalpropertyoffluid 2020 4 14 16 Fluidmechanicsisanimportantbranchofmodernmechanics It sasciencethatstudiesfluid sbalance Fluidstatics mechanicalmovementlaws FluidKinematics andtheinteractionbetweenfluidandtheboundaries FluidDynamics whichmaybeeithersolidsurfacesorinterfaceswithotherfluids Itmainlyascertainsthedistributionofspeedandpressure energylossandtheinteractionforceandthemomentbetweenfluidandboundary Introduction StudyObjectsofFluidMechanics 1 2020 4 14 17 Waterandairareresearchedmostlyinfluidmechanics Besidesthese fluidalsoincludesvaporasworkmediuminturbine lubeoil waterwhichmixingwithmudandsand blood meltingmetalandthegaswithcomplicatedcomponentscomingfromburning plasmasunderhightemperaturecondition etc StudyObjectsofFluidMechanics 2 Stationaryboundaries riverbed pipewall building etc Movingboundaries aircraft ship runner etc Typesofboundary 2020 4 14 18 Mechanics ResearchobjectThecarrierofmechanicalproblems FluidMechanics Fluid LiquidWater Mechanics Threeconservationlaws Hydraulics Introduction Liquidisthemainresearchobject Mainlyfocusonengineeringapplications SuitableforstudentsinHydraulicEng CivilEng ThenatureofthesubjectofFluidMechanics Conservationofmass momentumandenergy 2020 4 14 19 Fluidmechanicsisnotonlyanage oldsubject butalsoanewfashionsubjectwhichcanberesearchedonquitewidelyfields Therearemanyquestionsaboutfluidmechanicsinthesedepartments suchasinaviation spaceflight navigation astronomicalweather physicalgeography waterconservancyandhydropower heatenergyrefrigeration buildingconstructionandenvironmentalprotection petroleumandchemicalengineering transportingairandliquid combustionandexplosion metallurgyandmining biologyandsea warindustryandnuclearenergy machinebuilding mechanicalengineering etc TasksofFluidMechanics Introduction EngineeringfieldsanddisciplinesrelativetoFluidMechanics 2020 4 14 20 Vortexcreatedbythepassageofanaircraftwing revealedbycolouredsmoke Turbulenceinthetipvortexfromanairplanewing EngineeringfieldsrelativetoFluidMechanics 2020 4 14 21 aviation spaceflight navigation Rocketlaunching fountain 2020 4 14 22 Axial flowfan centrifugalpump fan pump impeller 2020 4 14 23 Multi stageaxial flowcompressormodel Compressor 2020 4 14 24 Waterturbineandelectricalgeneratorcut awayview Kaplanturbinerunnerandblade hydropower 2020 4 14 25 Modelplanetestedinawindtunnel Carwindtunneltest Airflowpastanaerofoil Coolingfan 2020 4 14 26 TheThreeGorgesDamphotographedbysatelliteoftheUnitedStates HydraulicEngineering waterconservancyproject Dujiangyan comprehensiveengng 2020 4 14 27 Typhoon Tornado Arotatingcolumnofairusuallyaccompaniedbyafunnel shapeddownwardextensionofacumulonimbuscloudandhavingavortexseveralhundredyardsindiameterwhirlingdestructivelyatspeedsofupto500miles 800km perhour TyphoonTyphoon AtropicalcycloneoccurringinthewesternPacificorIndianoceans Tornado 2020 4 14 28 vortexformedintherearofahigh speedtrain boilingmudnearaVolcaniccrater Tornado 2020 4 14 29 Hurricane Elena intheGulfofMexico Weathernephogram 云图 vorticesinatmosphere Contourofthehurricane Sandy seenfromspace Hurricane 2020 4 14 30 Weathernephogram vorticesinatmosphere AirvortexstreetoverthenorthernseaofJapan Weather CFD supercomputer 2020 4 14 31 Dewanddrop 2020 4 14 32 Surfacetension soapbubble water drop 2020 4 14 33 volleyball football tennis swimming rowing discusthrow golfball race carracing javelin tabletennis badminton MostsportsarerelatedtoFluidMechanics 2020 4 14 34 Golfballwithsmooth roughsurface Whichisbetter Question 2020 4 14 35 GolforiginatedinScotlandinthe15thCentury Itwasthoughtintheearlydaysthatthegolfballwithsmoothsurfacehadsmallflightresistance sotheballwasmadeinleather Itwasfoundafterwardsthatanoldballwithmanyscratchesonitssurfacecouldflyfartherthananewballwithsmoothsurface ThismysterywasnottobesolveduntiltheboundarylayertheorywasestablishedbyL Prandtlinthe20thCentury Thepresent daygolfhasalotofpitsonit ssurface andtheflightdistanceofaroughsurfaceballis5timesfartherthanasmoothballwhentheyhavethesamesizeandweight 2020 4 14 36 Earlygolfball Present daygolf wakezone wakezone 2020 4 14 37 DisciplinesRelativetoFluidMechanics Acoustics aerodynamicnoise AerodynamicsAeroelasticityAeronauticsComputationalFluidDynamics CFDFlowfieldmeasurementHemodynamicsHydraulics thephysicalscienceandtechnologyofthestaticanddynamicbehavioroffluids HydrologyHydrostatics FluidStaticsHydrodynamics FluidDynamicsElectrohydrodynamicsMagnetohydrodynamicsRheologyQuantumhydrodynamics 2020 4 14 38 Fluidmechanicshasthreestudyapproaches Thefirstoneisatheoreticalapproach Whichanalyzestheprimaryandlesserfactorofthequestion abstractstheoreticalmodel suchascontinuousmedium idealfluid incompressiblefluid etc usesmathematicaltoolstofindthegeneralansweraboutthefluidmovement StudyApproachesofFluidMechanics 1 Introduction basichypotheses mathematicalmodel analyticalsolution generalanswer mathematicaltools calculus fieldtheory exactsolution theoreticalanalysis 2020 4 14 39 StudyApproachesofFluidMechanics 2 Thesecondisanexperimentalapproach Whichsummarizesthefluidquestionbyexperimentasasimilarexperimentmodel observesthephenomenaanddeterminesthedataandconjecturestheexperimentresultsaccordingtoacertainmethod experimentalstudy modelexperiments observation measurement converttoprototype similaritytheory experimentaldata similarmodel 2020 4 14 40 Marvellousphenomenaofflow Fluidflowpastacylinder Cat seyephenomenon Renumber Fluidflowpastasphericalbody boundarylayerseparation wakezone incomingflow 2020 4 14 41 StudyApproachesofFluidMechanics 3 Thethirdisacalculatingapproach Whichdrawsouttheexperimentschemeaccordingtothetheoryanalysisandexperimentobservation inputsthedatabyprogramandcalculatesthenumericalsolutionwithcomputer numericalcalculation mathematicalmodel numericalmodel numericalsolution discretizedequations governingequations approximatesolution Boundaryconditions initialconditions computer 2020 4 14 42 Karmanvortexstreetduetoairflowspastacylinder CFD Vortexsheddingbehindacircularcylinder Inthisanimation theflowonthetwosidesofthecylinderareshownindifferentcolors whichshowsthatthevorticesareformedfromthetwosidesalternately 2020 4 14 43 SimulationofKarmanvortex CFD Fluidflowspasta2Dbody 2020 4 14 44 Velocity pressuredistributionsintheflowpassageofacentrifugalfan Centrifugalfan CFD 2020 4 14 45 NumericalsimulationwithCFD Pump CFD model pressure velocity 2020 4 14 46 Air solidcoupling fluidstructureinteraction FSI CFD DisplacementTotaldeformation StressEquivalentstress 2020 4 14 47 Thethreeapproacheshaveadvantagesanddisadvantages Onlysupplementeachothercantheyadvancethedevelopmentoffluidmechanics Modernfluidmechanicshasbandthethreeapproachestogetherorganicallyandpromotethedevelopmentoffluidmechanicsquickly StudyApproachesofFluidMechanics 4 2020 4 14 48 2020 4 14 49 EXIT Importance position ofthecourse Mathematics MechanicsFundamentalcourses FluidMechanicsBasicspecialtycourse SubjectofMechanicalEngngRelativeprofessionalcourses Introduction bridge 2020 4 14 50 ThefirstcontributiontothecomeintobeingofthesubjectoffluidmechanicswasdidbyArchimedesofancientGreece Hefoundedtheliquidbalancetheoryincludethephysicalprincipleofbuoyancyandbuoyancystability Heestablishedthebasisofthehydrostatics Theformationanddevelopmentoffluidmechanicsisfellintofivephases HistoryofFluidMechanics 1 Introduction Questionsofprojectile smovementinfluidwasputforward Thefirstperiod befor