TOEFL 句子简化题

1. Only the water resource was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantages: Streams flowed where nature intended them to and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons.A. Running water was the best power source for factories since it could keep machines operating continuously but since it was abounded in Lancashire and Scotland, most mills and factories that were located elsewhere could not be water driven.B. The disadvantage of using waterpower is that streams do not necessarily flow in places that are most suitable for factories, which explains why so many water-powered grain and textile mills were located in undesirable places.C. Since machines could be operated continuously only where running water was abundant, grain and textile mills as well as other factories tended to be located only in Lancashire and Scotland.D. Running water was the only source of power that was suitable for continuous operation of machines, but to make use of it factories had to be located where the water was, regardless of whether such locations made sense otherwise.Reference Question指代题：1、要求考生理解某个单词和它在文章中所指代的内容之间的关系。2、要求考生找出某个代词所指代的内容。考查的单词如下：人称代词：he、she、they、them物主代词：his、hers、theirs、its关系代词：which指示代词：this、that不定代词：someBotanists also disagree on the mechanisms of digestion. Some think that a plant must utilize enzymes that it produces to digest the insects in order to be considered carnivorous.The word some in the passage refers toA、 A few plantB、these characters1.主从复合句中的指代 在主从复合句中，第二句的代词主语经常指代第一句的名词主语。例如， The fins are stiff, smooth, and narrow, qualities that also help cut drag. When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours. The word they in the passage refers to qualities fins grooves depressions 在这一例子中，从句so that they中的代词主语they指代主句的名词主语the fins，因此第二个选项为正确答案。 2.并列动词中的指代 如果一个句中有两个并列的动词，第二个动词的代词宾语经常指代前一个动词后的名词宾语。例如，Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account when executing their public commissions. The word “that” in line 27 refers to (A) contemporary art (B) opportunity (C) audience (D) distinction 句中有两个并列的动词recognizing和 taking (into account)，其中recognizing的宾语是distinction，而taking 的宾语是that.根据上述技巧，that指代distinction.因此，(D)为正确答案。4.所有格的指代 所有格代词经常指代其前面与其最接近的名词。例如， Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use, or lends more prestige to the owner. The word “their” in line 1 refers to (A)folk (B)nations (C)countries (D)objects 根据所有格指代的解题技巧，their指代前面位置最近的名词objects，因此(D)为正确答案。5.指代的接力棒现象 这一现象是指被考的代词对应前面一个相同的代词，而前面的代词指代更前一句中的名词。例如， While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location. The word “they” in line 8 refers to (A) North Americans (B) news shows (C) interviews (D) opinions在这一例子中，第二句中的代词they(reflect the opinions)对应第一句中的they(are not)，而第一个they指代前面从句中的名词主语interviews，那么第二个they也指代interviews，因此(C)为正确答案。Passage: “These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If pots have no bottoms or have large openings in their sides, they could hardly be considered containers in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits” The word they in the passage refers to A. applied-art objects B. the laws of physics C. containers D. the sides of pots 正确答案是A。 Passage：“The first weekly newspaper in the colonies was the Boston Gazette,established in 1719, the same year that marked the appearance of Philadelphias first newspaper, the American Mercury, where the young Benjamin Franklin worked. By 1760 Boston had 4 newspapers and 5 other printing establishments; Philadelphia, 2 newspapers and 3 other presses; and New York, 3 newspapers. The distribution, if not the sale, of newspapers was assi