2012年高考英语阅读理解技巧-猜测词义

2012高考阅读理解解题技巧猜词 Ifyoucomeacrossthenewwordswhenreading Whatwillyoudo Ignore 忽略 themandcontinuereading Lookthemupinthedictionary Guessthemeaning Howtoguessthemeaningsofwords 高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料 例如公告 说明 广告以及书 报 杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章 考生应能 理解主旨要义 理解文中具体信息 根据上下文推断生词的词义 作出简单判断和理解 理解文章的基本结构 理解作者的意图和态度 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有 1 Theword refersto probablymeans couldbestbereplacedby 2 Theword ismostlikelytomean 3 Whatdoyouthinktheexpression standsfor 4 Theunderlinedword means Lead in 导入 上下文 构词法 猜测词意 阅读理解之 猜测词意 1 Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle thatis itwillbreakeasily 2 Theherdsman wholooksaftersheep earnsabout650yuanayear 3 Acalendarisalistofthedays weeks monthsofaparticularyear 1 定义 解释或举例 Guess adj 易碎的 脆的 n 牧人 n 日历 小结 通过定义 定语从句 同位语 词或词组 is was mean thatis that stosay or namely inotherwords toputitanotherway i e suchas like especially forinstance forexample 破折号 冒号等来确定词义 Ex1 Yet shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems suchasshoplifters whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem Usingwordformation 构词法 prefix 前缀 suffix 后缀 un baseword 词根 forget able 2 根据构词法 合成 派生 前缀 后缀 转化等 Withtheirshiningbrowneyes waggingtails andunconditionallove dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence 2003NMET unconditional 无条件的 绝对的adj condition conditional 情况 条件n 有条件的adj unconditional nonjudgmental 没有判断力的 judge judgment judgmental 判断v 判断n adj nonjudgmental er or ian ist ese ess 后缀 构成可数名词 猜一猜 solutiondruggistelectriciangreatnessreminder 构词法 ment tion ness sion ery ing 后缀 构成抽象名词 dis in mis un non 否定前缀 re co mini over super pre post vice en tele 其它前缀 重复 共同 平等 小 过度 超出 后 副的 使 可能 远程 前 猜一猜 minicarpostwarsupermarketpreviewpreschoolrecallirrelative 微型汽车战后超市预习学前回忆 回想无关系的 nonstandarddisloyalunlockco workeroveractivevicepresident 不标准的不忠诚的开锁合作者过分活跃副总统 al ble ern ful ish ive less y ly ous 形容词后缀 enizeify 动词后缀 e g weakenrealizesatisfy 猜猜 strengthensimplifymountainouscourageouschangeablelifelesshillyfictional 3 根据同义词 反义词关系 1 Thenewtaxlawsupersedes orreplaces thelawthatwasineffectlastyear 2 Ifyouagree write Yes ifyoudissent write No 3 Inmanynationstherearetwofinancialextremes frompenurytogreatwealth and or suchas like forexample forinstance常连接同义词组 小结 取代 不同意 非常贫穷 Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile becauseshewasusingthewrongkey Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading 徒劳的 Guess 4 根据因果关系 小结 全神贯注 常用关联词 如because as since for so thus asaresult so that such that therefore等 表示前因后果 Ex Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow adj 弹性的 adj 混浊的 Ourmathsprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones however wefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve 5 根据对比和转折关系 表转折关系的词常有如but while however insteadof ratherthan unlike yet otherwise though onthecontrary等 小结 复杂的 1 TheweatherinHawaiiisalwaysmild Itispleasantandwarm Thereisusuallyalightwindtocooltheair 2 Earlyhumanbeingsusedveryfragilehousesandboats Oftenstrongwindswouldtearroofsfromhousesorcausehighwavesthatendangeredtravelers People sfoodsuppliesweresimilarlyvulnerableTheunderlinedword vulnerable means A impossibletomakesureofB likelytobeprotectedC easytodamageD difficulttofind 温和的 6 根据上下文线索 1 Inolddays whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry 2 Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecold 嫁妆 7 根据生活经验 生活常识 逻辑推理 枯萎 3 Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim 冷缩 麻药 4 Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater 5 Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled 波纹 冷缩 膨胀 Ex Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid Inthestrongwind thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold 症状 易挥发的 颤抖 因果 猜 构词法 Howtoguessthemeaningofwords 定义 同 反义词 对比转折 上下文 生活常识 同位语 小试身手 Albert ssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovesthevalueofpersistence A timeB competitionC perseverance2 Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile becausehewasusingthewrongkey A 成功的B 徒劳的C 有效的D 匆促的3 ThoughMr Smithhasbeenmanagerforjust3months hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors A 上级B 前任C 同事D 下级 祝 功 成 你 4 Shedidn thearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading A 心不在焉的B 紧张的C 全神贯注的D 睡意浓的5 Twelve year oldSallywasanactivegirl Buthersisterwasquitesedate A prettyB calmC protectiveD energetic6 Heisaresoluteman Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething hewon tgiveituphalfway A strongB firmC kindD clever 祝 功 成 你 7 Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer A workB studyC nameD interest8 Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity A townB capitalC countryD house9 Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals TheWorldofEnglish ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchool orEnglishLearning A dictionariesB story booksC magazinesD newspapers 祝 功 成 你 10 Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater A becamesweeterB becameredC becamedry11 Justforfun theydecidedtotryaverycircuitouscountryroadinsteadofthemoredirecthighway A directB indirectC straight12 Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday A smallB largeC dull 祝 功 成 你 Whatdoes inthepubliceye mean A 公众熟悉的 出名的Tips inpublic在公众场合thepublic大众eye眼睛 Guess B 在群众的眼里C 公开的D 令人眼热的 MrZhangoftenappearsinpublic Butheisnotfamous heisnotinthepubliceye 根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义 例题 Tomcan tfindhissneakers C shoes Tomcan tfindhiswhitesneakers Tomcan tplaytennisnowbecausehecan tfindhiswhitesneakers A money B bowls l Janeisusuallyprompt A lateB ontimeC pleased Janeisusuallypromptforherclasses Janeisusuallypromptforallherclasses butshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass adj 敏捷的 迅速的 即时的adv 准时地 2 Tomsawanowllastnight A abirdB ananimalC thesun Tomsawanowlinatreelastnight Tomsawanowllastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear 猫头鹰 3 Theboywantsapony A dogB catC horse Theboywantsabrownpony Theboywantstorideabrownpony 小型马 4 Thechildrenarelookingatanape A akindofmonkeyB akindofsnakeC akindofbird Thechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo Thechildrenarelookingatalarge hairy 毛的 apeatthezoo 猿 5 Thetroutisverycheap A fishB fruitC apple Thefreshtroutisverycheap Thefreshtroutisverycheap butIdon tknowhowtocookit 鲑鱼 6 Theladyaskedthewaitresstogetherasaucer A aglassB acakeC asmallplate Theladyaskedthewaitresstogetheracleansaucer Theladyaskedthewaitresstogetheracleansaucertoputhercoffeecupon 茶托 7 Weseldomseeasparrownow A akindofdogB akindofplaneC akindofbird Weseldomseeasparrowinthesky Weseldomseeasparrowintheskybecausetheairisnotsocleannowasusedtobe 麻雀 信号词 be becalled means bedefinedasAmosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood Desertcanbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife 1 定义或解释说明 蚊子 沙漠 Ex 1 Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter Hisuncleisazoologist anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals Weareonthenightshift frommidnightto8a m thisweek 木匠 动物学家 夜班 2 对比关系信号词 but however yet otherwise while though ontheonehand ontheotherhand foronething foranotherthing insteadof等ThoughTom sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean hisneckstillremainsgrubby Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings hiswife however isverythrifty 污秽的 节约的 Ex 2 Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway Now however everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil Somehumanactionsarelearned butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft 混乱 无辜的 天生的 3 因果关系信号词 because since as for dueto so therefore so that such that thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow 弹性的 混浊的 Ex 3 SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting Iboughtareplica Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference He ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong 复制品 精明的 修剪 装置 4 举例法信号词 such suchas like forexample instance especially include consistofCarsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt headlights andgoodbrakes Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry suchaschickens ducksandgeese fortheireggsandmeat 家禽 设备 5 重述信号词 or thatis tosay inotherwords toputitanotherway i e Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain thefarmershavetoirrigate orwater theirfields Allwhalesfallintotwogroups thosewithteethandthosewithout Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti thatistosay theyaretoothedwhales 灌溉 灌溉 有牙齿的 6 同义词 近义词信号词 or like as as thesameasThenewtaxlawsupersedes orreplaces thela