直接引语和间接引语转换.doc

语法直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that引导。例如：Shesaid,Iamveryhappytohelpyou.Shesaidthatshewasveryhappytohelpyou.2.直接引语是一般/选择疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if引导。例如：Heaskedme,Doyoulikeplayingfootball?Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball.注意：大多数情况下，if和whether可以互换，但后有ornot,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如：Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddoitornot.3.直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。例如：Mysisteraskedme,Howdoyoulikethefilm?MysisteraskedmehowIlikedthefilm.4.直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定式前加tell,ask,order等的宾语。例如：Thecaptainordered,Bequiet.Thecaptainorderedustobequiet.注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。Myteacheraskedme,Dontlaugh.Myteacheraskedmenottolaugh.5.一些注意事项(1)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如：HeaskedLucy,Wheredidyougo?HeaskedLucywhereshewent.Tomsaid,Whatdoyouwant,Ann?TomaskedAnnwhatshewanted.(2)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如：Theytoldtheirson,Theearthgoesroundthesun.Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun.(3) 直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。例如：Hesaid,Ihaventseenhertoday.(4) Hesaidthathehadntseenherthatday.注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和方向性动词的变化（一）指示代词的变化thisthatthesethose（二）时间状语的变化nowthen agobefore/earliertodaythatday yesterdaythedaybeforethismorning/afternoon,etc. thatmorning/afternoon,etc.tomorrow thefollowing/nextdaythedayaftertomorrow intwodaystimethedaybeforeyesterday twodaysbefore/earliernextweek/month,etc. thenextweek/month,etc.lastweek/month theweek/monthbefore巩固练习：将下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语1.Hesaidtome,“Ihaveleftmybookinyourroom.”2.“AreyougoingtolearnEnglish?”askedJack.3.“Dontmove!”thepolicemansaidtotheman.4.“Whendidyougotobedlastnight?”FathersaidtoAnne.5.Ourgeographyteachersaid,“Soundtravelsmuchslowerthanlight.”1.Hesaidtome,“Iwrotealettertomyparentslastweek.”He_methat_aletterto_parents_.2.“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,”mothersaidtoherdaughter.Mother_herdaughterthatthesun_uptheeastand_inthewest.3.“Dontbelateagain,Jim,”saidtheteacher.Theteacher_belateagain.4.“HaveyouseenthefilmHarryPotter?”heasked.Heaskedme_thefilmHarryPotter.5.MrWangaskedthestudentshowtheycouldimprovetheirspokenEnglish.“_improve_spokenEnglish?”MrWangsaidtothestudents.1.Exercise()1.What_you_overtheweekend?A.will;doB.does;doC.did;doD.were,;doing()2.XiaoLiusually_toschoolbybikelastyear.A. goesB.wentC.willgoD.isgoing()3.What_inourtown100yearsfromnow?A.happenedB.ishappenedC.hashappenedD.willhappen()4.Mr.Smith_toseeyouinanhour.A.cameB.hascomeC.willcomeD.comes()5._you_fromyourparentsrecently?A.Did;hearB.Have;heardC.Do;hearD.Will;hear()6.We_TVathomethistimelastnight.A. werewatchingB.watchedC.havewatchedD.wouldwatch()7.We_over1500Englishwordsbytheendoflastmonth.A.havelearnedB.hadlearnedC.willlearnD.learnt()8.She_inShanghaifortenyearssince1992.A. haslivedB.hadlivedC.livedD.willlive()9.She_inShanghaifortenyears.A.haslivedB.hadlivedC.livedD.willlive()10.Weallknowthattheearth_roundthesun.A.goesB.wentC.isgoingD.willgo()11.“Wherearetheboys?”“They_soccerontheplayground.”A.playB.areplayingC.wereplayingD.played()12.Look!Lucy_underthetree.A. readsB.isreadingC.wasreadingD.read()13.He_morethan200modelcarsinthelastfiveyears.A. hascollectedB.hadcollectedC.collectedD.willcollect()14.Jim_alettertohisparentsat7:30lastnight.A. hadwrittenB.wroteC.wouldwriteD.waswriting()15.TheSmiths_inBeijingsincetwoweeksago.A. stayedB.werestayingC.wouldstayD.havestayed()16.“When_you_thebike?”“LastMonday.”A. have;boughtB.did;buyC.will;buyD.do;buy()17.Look!Theboy_Englishnow.A.likesB.likedC.islikingD.wasliking()18.Moststudentsinourclass_TVtwiceaweek.A.watchB.watchedC.willwatchD.arewatching()19.Howsoon_they_backfromwork?A.do;comeB.did;comeC.have;comeD.will;come()20.“Where_you_Mr.Li?”“Inhisoffice,halfanhourago.”A.will;seeB.did;seeC.have,seenD.do;see()21.I_anewdictionary.Look!Itsveryuseful.A.boughtB.willbuyC.haveboughtD.wouldbuy()22.Iwontwatchthemovietonight.I_itbefore.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.hadseen()23.Hello!I_knowyou_inChengdu.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?A.didnt;wereB.dontareC.didnt;areD.dont;were()24.He_afireandthencookedameal.A. hadmadeB.wasmakingC.madeD.hasmade()25.IfI_timetomorrow,Iwillgotovisitmygrandfather.A.haveB.willhaveC.wouldhaveD.amhaving()26.ImgoingtobeadoctorwhenI_up.A. growB.willgrowC.grewD.amgrowing()27.Thefilm_onforfiveminuteswhenIgottothecinema.A. hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.is()28.She_dinnerwhenhersoncamein.A.hascookedB.hadcookedC.wascookingD.wouldcook()29.Thetrain_whenwegottothestation.Wehadtowaitforthenextone.A. hasleftB.hadleftC.leftD.wasleaving()30.Hesaidthathe_tothebarberstomorrowmorning.A. willgoB.wentC.isgoingD.wouldgo()31.InthelastyearsI_alotoffriends.A. havemadeB.madeC.willmakeD.wasmaking()32.Theboys_forabouttwohours.A. areplayingsoccerB.havebeenplayingsoccerC.wereplayingD.playsoccer()33.He_soquicklythathecouldwintherace.A. isrunningB.willrunC.ranD.hadrun()34.Hedidntgotherewithusbecausehe_therebefore.A. hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wentD.wouldgo()35.Idontknowifhe_tomorrow.Ifhe_,Iwilltellyou.A. willcome;willcomeB.comes;comesC.willcome;comesD.comes;willcome()36.WhenIwasyoung,mymothertoldmethatthesun_intheeast.A. riseB.risesC.roseD.hadrisen()37.“_you_yourwork?”“Yes.Ifinisheditanhourago.”A. Did;finishB.Have;finishedC.Will;finishD.Had;finished()38.Hurryup,oryou_theearlybus.A. willmissB.hasmissedC.wouldmissD.missed()39.I_Mr.GreenwhileI_alongthestreetlastSunday.A. met;walkedB.wasmeeting;walkedC.met;waswalkingD.wasmeeting;waswalking()40.Tomisstrongandhe_toschooleveryday.A. walkedB.walksC.willwalkD.haswalked()41.Hesaidthathe_withMr.Blackatthattime.A. talkedB.wastalkingC.istalkingD.wouldtalk()42.We_Englishinthisschoolsincewecamehere.A. havestudiedB.studiedC.had