高一英语：Unit4 Job hunter-grammar课件（牛津上海版S1B）VIP

状语从句 状语从句按其意义和作用可分为 1 时间状语从句2 地点状语从句3 原因状语从句4 目的状语从句5 结果状语从句6 条件状语从句7 方式状语从句8 比较状语从句9 让步状语从句 1 时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有 when while as whenever before after since till until assoonas once hardly when nosooner than等引导 如 Whenhewasstillayoungman hewasforcedtoleavehishomelandforpoliticalreasons Ithasbeen15yearssinceheleft I lltellhimthenewsassoonasIseehim Onceyouhavegotusedtoit youwilllikeit Iwaitedtillhehadfinishedhiswork 注意 1 when as whilewhen即可引导持续性动作 又可引导短暂性动作 它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生 或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前 如 WhenIwasaboy IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays 同时 Whenthelessonwasover webeganourwriting 从句动作在前 as引导持续性动作 侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生 Hehurriedhome lookingbehindashewent Isawyoursisterasshewasgettingonthebusyesterday Hesangashewalked as也可表示 随着 但要注意与with的区别 Asthedaywenton theweathergotevencold 从句 故用谓语动词 Withthedaygoingon theweathergotevencold 介词 故用非谓语 While 指的是 在某一时间里 在 期间 从句里的动作必须是持续性的 它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生 往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比 如 WhilehewasinLondon hestudiedmusic WhilewewerewatchingTV hewaswritingacomposition while也可做并列连词 表示对照的含义 意思为 然而 如 Heistallwhilehisbrotherisshort 当when as while表示 在 一段时间里 主从句的动作同时发生时 可以换用 如 While When或As wewerediscussing Mr Smithcamein 2 如果when和before引导的从句位于主句之后 有时不能译成 当 时候 和 在 之前 而要译成 就 才 这时 等 如 ThestrugglelastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthemansawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsawhim before的句型 Itwon tbelongbeforesb doessth 不用多久某人就会 Itwillbelongbeforesb does要过很久某人才会 Itwaslongbeforesb didsth 过很久某人才做 Itwillbe 一段时间 beforesb does某人要过多长时间才做Itwas 一段时间 beforesb didsth 某人过了多长时间才做 3 bythetime eachtime everytime immediately themoment theinstant theminute soonafter shortlyafter都可以作为连词 引导时间状语 如 Bythetimehewasfourteen hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmathematics 注意bythetime的用法 bythetime 现在时 主句用将来完成时 例如 Bythetimehearrives wewillalreadyhaveleftCalifornia bythetime 一般过去时 主句用过去完成时 例如 Bythetimehearrived wehadalreadyleftCalifornia Eachtimehecame hewouldcallonme Youmustshowhiminimmediatelyhecomes IrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim 4 till和until 如果主句谓语动词是持续动词 通常用肯定式的主句 表示 直到 为止 如 Iworkedtill until hecameback 如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词 则用否定式的主句表示 直到 才 如 Ididn tgotobeduntil till hecameback 放在句首表示强调时一般用until 如 Untilhereturns nothingcanbedone 注意 Notuntilhismothercalleddidhegetup 不倒装为 edidn tgetupuntilhismothercalled Itwasnotuntilhismothercalledthathegotup notuntil的强调结构为itis wasnotuntil that 5 用nosooner than和hardly when引导的从句表示 刚 就 主句中的动词一般用过去完成时 从句用过去时若把nosooner hardly提到句首 主句倒装 例如 Hehadnosoonergottothelabthanhesetouttodotheexperiment 该句倒装为 Nosoonerhadhegottothelabthanhesetouttodotheexperiment 5 时间状语从句中谓语动词不能用任何一种将来时 只能用现在时和过去时表示将来时 2 地点状语从句 通常由连词where和wherever等引导 如 Gobackwhereyoucamefrom Whereveryougo youmustwritetoyourparents Wherethereisawill thereisaway Wherethereistoomuch thepoisonandwastemaydogreatharmtothethingsaroundus 注意 不要和where引导的定语从句相混淆 例如 Weshallgowhereworkingconditionsaredifficult Weshallgototheplacewhereworkingconditionsaredifficult 状语从句 定语从句 3 原因状语从句 通常由连词 because as since nowthat引导 区别是 because 表示 因为 直接而明确的原因和理由 语气最强 why提问的句子 一般都用because回答 Hedidn tcomebecausehewasill 注意 在强调句中强调原因状语从句 只能用because引导 不可用as或since 如 Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn tgowithus because可以引导表语从句 而as since不可以 但仅用于以下句型 This That Itisbecause It sbecauseheistoolazy since 表示 既然 语气比because弱 Sinceyouarehere youmustdoit as 表示 因为 语气比because轻 引导从句可放主句前也可放主句后 Youneedn tgowithme asyouarebusy AsIwasafraid Ihidmyself nowthat意思与since相似 表示 既然 NowthatyouareinHighSchool youwillprobablyspendmoreinreading Nowthatalltheguestshavearrived let shaveourdinner for也表示 因为 但是并列连词 它连接的不是状语从句 语气比较强 For引导从句不说明主句发生的直接原因 只是提供一些补充说明 且不位于句首 Itmustbemorning forthebirdsaresinging seeingthat 既然 和inthat 因为 Seeingthattheweatherisbad we llstayathome Ilikethecity butIlikethecountrybetterinthatIhavemorefriendsinthecountry 4 目的状语从句 通常由that sothat inorderthat so that lest 以免 以防 incase 以防 免得 forfearthat 以免 等引导 Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus Shemarriedhimsothatshemighttendandcomforthim Iexplainedagainandagainincaseheshouldmisunderstandme lest incase forfearthat后面常用虚拟语气 也就是说其引导的状语从句常用 should 动词原形 例如 Ihidthebooklest forfearthat heshouldseeit 目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有may might can could should will等情态动词 5 结果状语从句 由that sothat so that such that引导 Itwasverycold sothattheriverfroze Thebookissowrittenthatitgivesaquitewrongideaofthefacts Thereweresomanypeople suchalotofpeople intheroomthatwecouldnotgetin Hemadesuchanexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim 注意 sothat既可引导目的状语从句 又可引导结果状语从句 其区别在于 引导结果状语从句时通常用逗号同主句分开 Hemadeawrongdecision sothathalfofhislifetimewaswasted 结果状语从句 Theystartedearlysothattheymightarriveintime 目的状语从句 6 条件状语从句 由if unless aslongas solongas 只要 incase that 如果 万一 suppose that supposing that given that 在 的情况下 假定 grantedthat 就算 onconditionthat providedthat providingthat等引导 例如 IshallnotgotothecinemaunlessIfinishmyhomeworkbeforeeight Youmaygoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon tswimtoofarawayfromtheriverbank Aslongasyoukeepontrying youwillsurelysucceed SupposethatIdon thaveadayoff whatshallwedo IncaseJohncomes pleasetellhimtowait Grantedthathe snotbrilliant heatleastwokshard 注意 条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时 只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时 7 方式状语从句 由连词 as asif asthough引导 Theteachertoldthestudentstodoashedid Leaveitasitis Heheardanoise asifsomeonewasbreathing Isawthemanlookingabouthimasifhewishedtoimpressuponhismindeverything asif和asthough意义和用法大致一样 引导的从句多用虚拟语气 但也可用陈述语气 HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson Hewalkedasifheweredrunk 8 比较状语从句 由连词as as notso as as than等引导 Ihopeitwasasgoodastheoneyoulentme Actuallytheoceanfloorarealmostasirregularastheexposedlandarea Noonecanbemorefitforhisofficethanheis Hecan trunsofastasshe 注意 the 比较级 接从句 the 比较级 接主句 这一句型也归在比较状语从句内 如 Themoreyoustudy themoreyouknow Theharderwework thehappierwefeel 注意 以下as用于表示比较的结构 AistoBasCistoD AistoBwhatCistoD AsCistoD soAistoB 例如 Wateristofishesasairistomen Wateristofisheswhatairistomen Asairistomen sowateristofishes 9 让步状语从句 由though although as 虽然尽管 evenif eventhough wh ever nomatter wh whether or 无论是 还是 引导 whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhowever wh ever nomatterwhonomatterwhatnomatterwhichnomatterwhennomatterwherenomatterhow nomatterwh whatever whoever whichever 既可引导让步状语从句 nomatterwhat who which 又可引导名词性从句 anythingthat anyonewho anyonethat Whoever Anyonewho doesbusinesswiththatfellowisboundtolosemoney Whatever Nomatterwhat youdo doitwell Whenever nomatterwhen youcallonme youarealwayswelcome Wherever nomatterwhere youwork youcanalwaysfindtimetostudy Taketheoneyoulikebest whichever nomatterwhich itis 注意 Nomatterwhogivesushelpiswelcome Whoevergivesushelpiswelcome 任何帮助我们的人会受到欢迎 I llbelievenomatterwhathesays I llbelievewhateverhesays 我相