外研版必修3Module3学案必修3Module3 Period4

Book Module 3 The violence of Nature（Period 4 Grammar）. 过去完成时：形式：“助动词 had+过去分词”构成。1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作。它表示这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”；这一过去时间可用 by, at, before 等构成的短语或 when, after, until 等引导的从句或通过上下文来表示，如：By the time he was twelve, Edison _(begin) to make a living by himself. 2. 表示由过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。这个动作可能还要延续下去。常和for 或 since 引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。He _ _ (live) in New York for ten years before he moved to Boston. 3. 用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句。如：If he _(see) you yesterday, he _(ask) you about it. 4. 用在间接引语或宾语从句中。放在像said, told, thought, wondered 等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的行为。My friend told me that he_(pass) the exam.5. 用在It was the first/second time that句型中。此句型中如主句用一般过去时，that引导的定语从句中用过去完成时。It was the first time（that）we _(speak)together.Choose the best answers:(1).He _ more than 5000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. (2005北京) A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned (2).-Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.-I thought they_ without me.A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone3).He kept looking at her wondering whether he _her somewhere. A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen.直接引语和间接引语当句子从直接引语变为间接引语时，应特别注意各部分的变化。1 时态的变化 (1) 若主句动词为过去时的时候，间接引语动词的时态变化如下：现在时过去时；过去时/现在完成时/过去完成时过去完成时“Im preparing my lessons,” she said. She said (that)_ _preparing _ lessons.“I dont need your help today,” Tom said. Tom said (that)_ _need _ help.He said to me, “I read it yesterday.”He told me that he _ it_.注：1).表示不变的真理和事实,间接引语中的动词时态不变. 2).表示历史上的事实或有明确的表示时间的状语时,间接引语中的动词时态保持不变. The geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes around the sun.”The geography _ us (that) the earth _around the sun.The teacher said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.” The teacher said that Columbus America in 1492.(2).若主句动词为现在时，间接引语的动词时态不变。She says, “He was very kind.” She says (that) he very kind.2. 人称的变化(1) 直接引语变为间接引语，人称代词要作相应的变动，使其与动词的人称一致。(2) 指示代词 this these 相应的改为 that those.(3) 在句子的意义不会引起误解的情况下，状语有时也可不变。“Ill come here again tomorrow,” she said. 她说：“我明天还要到这儿来。”She said (that) shed go there again the next day/tomorrow.注： 动词 come 可根据具体情况相应的改为 go.3. 直接引语为疑问句式的变动。当直接引语是疑问句时，除主语在人称、时态和状语等方面作相应的变动外，还要注意：(1) 间接引语中要用陈述句的语序She asked, “What is it? Whats going to happen now?”She asked and then.(2) 特殊疑问句的疑问词要保留。The boy was wondering, “How does the computer work?”The boy was wondering_. “Why do you speak English so fluently?” I said to him.I asked him .(3) 一般、选择或反意疑问句在间接引语前要加 whether 或 if“Is there anything wrong, Madam?” asked the policeman.The policeman asked the woman .He asked me, “Do you study English or French?”He asked me . “Its Mary, isnt it?” asked Jane.Jane asked . 新课标第一网4. 直接引语为祈使句时的变动当直接引语为祈使句时，主句中的谓语动词在变动时往往根据直接引语中的口气换用 ask, invite, advise, warn, tell, order 等动词，而直接引语中的谓语动词则要变成动词不定式。 “Please explain why youre two and a half hours late,” the boss said. The boss him why he was two and a half hours late. “Dont give up!” Father shouted to him.Father him in a loud voice . “Get everything ready in half an hour,” the teacher said to the students.The teacher the students everything ready in half an hour. 答案：1 had begun 2 had lived 3 had seen; would have asked 4 had passed 5 had spoken Choose the best answers: DDD.1she was; her he didnt; my had read the day before told; goes discovered was 3(1) what it was ;what was going to happen then.(2) how the computer worked /why he spoke English so f