英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时和一般过去时的比较.doc

现在完成时和一般过去时的比较 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：肯：主语+have(has)+过去分词+宾语否：主语+havent(hasnt)+过去分词+宾语一般：Have/has+主语+过去分词+其它?特殊：疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其它?1.过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的动作（或状态）对现在产生的影响和结果,强调影响。 2过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语- yesterday,yesterday morning/afternoon/evening, lastweek/month/year/Sunday(星期), in 1965,a moment ago ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow, 现在完成时的时间状语- for,since,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,sofar,uptonow,inpastyears,always, 共同的时间状语:thismorning/afternoon/evening,tonight,thisApril,now,once(曾经)，before,already,recently=lately(最近)3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried 三值得注意的几个问题：）动作发生在过去，一直持续到说话的时候，并且还在延续时，要用现在完成时， ）指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状语，要用现在完成时）以when开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去时，例）just (刚刚)与现在完成时连用，just now (刚才)与一般过去时连用，。）since 作介词，后面跟时间名词一起作状语时，句子要用现在完成时；since 作连词，引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 6）so far，in the last / past 与现在完成时连用四学习现在完成时应注意的三个区别1）延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别 2）since 和 for 的区别。3）have / has gone to 、 have / has been to 、have / has been in 的区别。五非延续性动词和延续性动词转换归纳leave be away frombuyhave borrowkeep diebe deadget upbe upput onbe on come / get backbe back go to townbe in town losebe missing catch a coldhave a coldclosebe closed / notopen openbe open fallill / asleep be ill / asleep begin /startbe on come to be here / thereget /receive a letter fromhave a letter from arrive in （at）/ get to / reachbe here / therejoin the army-be in the army/ be a soldier join the League-be in the League / be a league member 原形 过去试 过去分词 amareis waswere been bear bore bornbeat beat beaten become became becomebegin began begun break broke broken bring brought broughtbuild built built buy bought boughtcatch caught caught choose chose chosencome came come cost cost costcut cut cut dig dug dug do did done draw drew drawndrink drank drunk drive drove driveneat ate eaten fall fell fallenfeel felt felt fight fought foughtfind found found fly flew flownforget forgot forgetten freeze froze frozenget got got give gave given go went gone grow grew grownhave had had hear heard heardhide hid hidden hit hit hithold held held hurt hurt hurtkeep kept kept know knew knownleave left left let let letlose lost lost make made madeput put put read read read ride rode ridden rise rose risenrun ran run say said saidsee saw seen sell sold soldsend sent sent shake shook shaken sing sang sungsit sat sat sleep slept sleptsmell smelt smelt speak spoke spokenspend spent spentstand stood stood steal stole stolensweep swept sweptswim swam swum take took takenteach taught taught tell told