中考阅读题型突破-第四讲-推理判断题.doc

推理判断题推理判断题 A 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力 此类题目文章中没有明确的答案 需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断 其主要提问方式是 1 We can guess the writer of the letter may be a 2 We can infer from the text that 3 From the letters we ve learned that it s very to know something about American social customs 4 From the story we can guess 5 What would be happy if B 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力 1 How did the writer feel at Vienna station 2 The writer writes this text to 3 The writer believes that 4 The writer suggests that 所谓推断 就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息 推断出未知的信息 即从已知推未 知 据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子 也可能是若干句子 甚至是全文 中考英语试题中的推断题很多 包括的面也很大 其类型主要有以下几种 1 事实推断事实推断 这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节 是比较简单的推断 进行 这种推断 要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字 然后加以分析 尤其要悟出字里行 间的意思 2014 年厦门中考英语阅读理 A 篇 I don t know Ben replies Everything was going fine but as I got higher I was starting to get cold so I turned off the big fan thing and then 41 The possible reason for the crash is that Ben A shut off the big fan thing on the helicopter B refused to talk with the instructor C kept radioing in on the helicopter 2010 年厦门中考英语阅读理解 A 篇 A young man was walking through a supermarket to pick up a few things when he noticed an old lady following him round Thinking nothing of it he continued Finally he went to the check out line but the old lady got in front of him Excuse me she said I m sorry if my staring at 盯着看 you has made you feel uncomfortable it s just because you look like my son whom I haven t seen for a long time What a pity replied the young man is there anything I can do for you Yes she said as I m leaving can you say Good bye mother It would make me feel so much better Sure answered the young man So when the old woman was leaving he called out Good bye mother As she stepped up to the check out counter 收银台 he saw that his total was 127 50 How can that be he asked I only buy a few things The clerk replied Your mother said that you would pay for her 53 wasn t an honest person in this story A The clerkB The old ladyC The young man 54 At last what the young man had to pay was what he expected A more thanB less thanC as much as 55 We know from the story that the old lady A liked shoppingB had a sonC paid nothing 数字类题目数字类题目 2014 年厦门中考英语阅读理解 E 篇 Later on man used tally marks to count People would just scratch 划下 a line or tally mark for each object they wanted to count but they had no word to tell the number 58 If A and B each scratched three lines for their own objects to be counted they would probably have objects in all A three B six C nine 2013 年厦门中考英语阅读理解 E 篇 Scientists have a way they use when they are trying to learn something new It is called the scientific method of inquiry 科学探究方法 The first step is to ask a question It could be Why do birds fly south for the winter Or it could be How does water turn into ice It could be about anything Then the scientist must do research He or she could learn as much about the topic as possible Next the scientist makes a hypothesis It could be Bird fly south for the winter because they are cold Or it could be Water will turn into ice when the temperature gets low enough It s a so called educated 有根据的 guess Now the scientist has a hypothesis so it must be tested Scientists do this by conducting experiments in labs and others do them outdoors After the experiments are complete the scientist must analyze the data 分析数据 And he should compare it with the hypothesis Was the hypothesis right or wrong Even with a wrong hypothesis scientists can still learn a lot Finally they should write about their results That way other people can learn too We need steps in all when we use the scientific method of inquiry A twoB fourC six 2 指代推断指代推断 确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目 要确定指代 词所指代的对象 关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解 指代名词的指代词 其单复数形式 英语被指代的词一致 因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志 2014 年漳州市初中毕业升学考英语阅读理解 C 篇 Some butterflies have bright pattern colors on the upper surface of their wings that show when flying but when they rest on a tree or leaves they close their wings 68 The underlined word that in Paragraph 3 refers to A their wings B pattern colors C green leaves D some butterflies 3 逻辑推断逻辑推断 这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景 人物的表情 动作和语 言来推断出人物的态度或感觉 2010 年厦门中考英语阅读理解 A 篇 Kaixin We have to know how to control ourselves We should keep our minds on study Games are just games I prefer to play sports with my classmates when I am free 64 From Kaixin s words we can guess that he is most probably a A farmerB workerC student 2011 年厦门中考英语阅读理 D 篇 He Dongping a professor from Wuhan Polytechnic University WHPU said To stop the use of dirty oil should start at its source kitchen waste And the first step is to find a good way of collecting kitchen waste However it might take about 10 years before China could solve the problem completely he added 69 We can infer 推断 from this passage that A the biggest problem is that restaurants produces too much kitchen waste B the way of dealing with kitchen waste isn t good enough now C we can stop the use of swill oil in a short time if we take it serious 4 对作者的意图和态度的推断对作者的意图和态度的推断 这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断 如作者对所 陈述的观点是赞同 反对 还是犹豫不定 对记述或描写的人 物或事件是赞颂 同情 冷漠 还是厌恶 作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来 而往往隐含在字 里行间 因此 进行这种推断时 我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提 又要注 意作者的措辞 尤其是形容词一类的修饰语 2014 年南平市初中毕业升学考英语阅读理解 B 篇 Teenagers are very attracted by fashions such as computers television iPad and cell phones These can lead them into a field of real world dangers Although there are some dangerous effects we should understand and enjoy the advantages that the new technology offers to teenagers 55 The writer s attitude 态度 of having the latest cell phones is A agreement B surprise C disagreement 2014 年三明市初中毕业升学考英语阅读理解 C 篇 However in the new digitalage we need to be careful when using smartphones If you use them too much you may turn into a dangerous addiction 上瘾 So it s always best to use your smartphones properly 55 In the last paragraph the writer wants to tell us A smartphones must be used properly B smartphones play an important part in our lives C smartphones are turing students into a dangerous addiction A A young man was walking through a supermarket to pick up a few things when he noticed an old lady following him round Thinking nothing of it he continued Finally he went to the check out line but the old lady got in front of him Excuse me she said I m sorry if my staring at 盯着看 you has made you feel uncomfortable it s just because you look like my son whom I haven t seen for a long time What a pity replied the young man is there anything I can do for you Yes she said as I m leaving can you say Good bye mother It would make me feel so much better Sure answered the young man So when the old woman was leaving he called out Good bye mother As she stepped up to the check out counter 收银台 he saw that his total was 127 50 How can that be he asked I only buy a few things The clerk replied Your mother said that you would pay for her 51 The young man was that day A doing some shoppingB having a walkC visiting his mother 52 The old lady stood the young man on the check out line A besideB behindC before 53 wasn t an honest person in this story A The clerkB The old ladyC The young man 54 At last what the young man had to pay was what he expected A more thanB less thanC as much as 55 We know from the story that the old lady A liked shoppingB had a sonC paid nothing B Recently Chinese netizens 网民 enjoy themselves on growing and stealing crops on the Internet This is a game called Happy Farms Now more and more people are joining in the game and getting addicted Because of this game some players have been fired 解雇 lovers have broken up but none of them can stop Happy Farms from becoming more popular Here we interviewed some young netizens and let s see what their opinions were Nongmin Playing Happy Farms at work that s terrible A clerk was fired because she was online playing it at work King I find that all the dreams of having houses and fields which are very hard to get in real life are very easy to be realized in the game I think I know the reason why the game is so popular Kaixin We have to know how to control ourselves We should keep our minds on study Games are just games I prefer to play sports with my classmates when I am free Kitty I like Happy Farms My high pressure work makes me feel like I can t breathe 呼吸 I wish I could have a real house and farm but it seems so far away I have to turn to virtual 虚拟 nature for my own house and farm 61 From this passage we know that Happy Farms is a game A boringB popularC dull 62 In the first paragraph the underlined phrase get addicted means A be sorry toB be afraid ofC be crazy about 63 Nongmin told us a an story about playing the game at work A shocking B excitingC relaxing 64 From Kaixin s words we can guess that he is most probably a A farmerB workerC student 65 have the similar idea about the game A Nongmin and KingB King and KittyC Kaixin and Kitty C More have heard of the American Prom This is the senior students school leaving party The British name for the event is a Leaver s Ball or Leaver s Dinner although some UK schools call them Proms too In Canada Ireland and Australia the terms Grad or Formal are most common and in South Africa it is called a Matric Dance Some Matric Dances in South Africa still follows the old British traditions Before the dance pupils are given lessons in dancing School leavers invite a partner to the dance The girls have dresses especially made for the event To save costs the dance is often held din the school hall American Proms have become elaborate 精心的 and expensive complete with luxury hotel ballrooms 豪华的酒店舞厅 live bands and expensive prom dressed They now include after Prom activities that often extend into the early morning of the next day The Leaver s Ball in the UK is not so formal 正式 The girls also wear ball gowns and the boys suits A dinner and disco will be held at a a local hotel Each pupil buys a ticket and can go with a partner or just arrive with friends 61 We learn from this passage that the Prom is a A test B game C party 62 In Australia people call Prom A Leavers Ball B Grad or Formal C Matric Dance 63 The most important activity in the Prom is A dancing B eating C meeting 64 The Matric Dance is often held in the A school hall B hotel ballroom C local restaurant 65 According to this passage the event in costs the most A the United States B the UK C South Africa D After a study showed that one in every ten meals in the country may be cooked with dirty oil the State Fool and Drug Administrations SFDA on Thursday issues an emergency notice 发布紧 急通知 to restaurant nationwide warning them against recycling oil The swill oil is cooking oil refined from kitchen waste that has been recycled Although it looks clean and clear it s actually so dangerous to people s health that it may cause cancer According to a reporter the swill oil business is extremely profitable Recycling one ton of kitchen waste will produce130 kg of swill oil With its price being half that of normal cooking oil a profit 利润 of 1 5 to 2 billion yuan is produced in the whole swill oil business in the country every year The profit is almost 200 so it s easy to understand why the business is so hot s He Dongping a professor from Wuhan Polytechnic University WHPU said To stop the use of dirty oil should start at its source kitchen waste And the first step is to find a good way of collecting kitchen waste However it might take about 10 years before China could solve the problem completely he added 66 According to the study of us may have eaten the food cooked by dirty oil A few B nobody C many 67 It s to tell the difference between swill oil and normal cooking oil just by looking A fast B easy C hard 68 The underlined sentence The swill oil business is extremely profitable means that the swill oil business is really a A big money maker B common situation C terrible thing 69 We can infer 推断 from this passage that A the biggest problem is that restaurants produces too much kitchen waste B the way of dealing with kitchen waste isn t good enough now C we can stop the use of swill oil in a short time if we take it serious 70 The main topic of this passage is about A restaurant service B food safety C eating habits It was Sunday The train was crowded A gentleman was trying to look for a place In one of the cars he saw a vacant seat But a small suitcase was lying on it and a young man was sitting next to it Is this seat taken asked the gentleman Yes it s my friend s answered the young man He s just coming this is his suitcase Well said the gentleman I ll sit here till he comes Five minutes later the train started but nobody came Your friend is late said the gentleman He has missed his train but he need not lose his suitcase And with these words he took the suitcase and threw it out of the window The young man got up and tried to catch the suitcase but it was too late It was a good lesson to him It s impolite to take a second seat just for being more comfortable for oneself 51 The gentleman was looking for a A seat B suitcase C friend 52 A vacant seat is a seat that A somebody sits on B there s something on C nobody sits on 53 In fact the suitcase belonged to the A young man B gentleman C young man s friend 54 We know from the story that the young man A was friendly and helpful B was not honest C told the truth 55 We can guess that the young man must feel very in the end A happy B excited C upset B One day a teacher was giving a speech to his students He held up 举起 a glass of water and asked the class How heavy do you think this glass of water is The students answers ranged from 20 g to 500 g It does not matter on the weight itself It depends on how long you hold it If I hold it for a minute it is OK If I hold it for an hour I will have an ache in my right arm If I hold it for a day you will have to call an ambulance 救护车 It is exactly the same weight but the longer I hold it the heavier it becomes If we carry our burdens 负担 all the time sooner or later we will not be able to carry on the burden becoming increasingly heavier What you have to do is to put the glass down rest for a while before holding it up again We have to put down the burden sometimes so that we can be refreshed and are able to carry on So before you return home from work tonight put the burden of work down Don t carry it back home You can pick it up tomorrow Whatever burdens you are having now on your shoulders let it down for a moment if you can 56 The teacher brought a glass of water to the class because A he was very thirsty B his arms were strong C it was a good example 57 A glass of water in this passage referred to 指 A knowledge B the burden C the time 58 According to the teacher you may feel if you put down the burden sometimes A more energetic B much heavier C more stressed out 59 This was a lesson about A how to relax oneself in life B how to solve a physics problem C how to keep fit by drinking water 60 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage A You could become heavier and heavier if you held a glass of water in your hand B All the students in the class knew what the weight of the glass of water exactly was C The teacher had a good way of making his lesson clear and easy to be understood C To help you decide what might make a good pet we ve put together a pet checklist We ve named some of the animals that are often kept as pets We ve shown some good points and bad points about each And we hope it may help you make the best choice 选择 Pick a Pet Checklist PetsGood PointsBad Points Easy to keep Enjoy being petted Good to hold Hard to house train Drop lots of hair Easily upset by high temperature Can be very interesting Can be friendly when young Against the law 法律 to keep in many states in the U S Can get unkind when older Easy to feed care for Can live indoors or out Fun to hold Very friendly May scratch furniture Little pans can be messy May kill birds May make you sneeze Come in many sizes Can live indoors or out Fun to love play with Very friendly Can give safety Can be smelly messy noisy Need to be licensed trained May make you sneeze May bite 咬 if angry Need lots of attention 61 You are to keep a raccoon as a pet in many places of America A suggested B encouraged C not allowed 62 It would be easier for you to keep a as a pet if you re often too busy to take care of it A rabbit or raccoon B rabbit or cat C raccoon or dog 63 If you feed birds at home you should be very careful to choose a as your another pet A rabbit B raccoon C cat 64 The dog may you if you make it angry A hurt B fix C train 65 The writer tries to help us with the checklist A learn how to look after our pets B find which animal is our best choice as a pet C know what kind of animals can be kept as a pet D Every 30 seconds there is an earthquake But don t worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt Only a few big ones hurt people Many earthquakes happened in China such as the big one in Sichuan last month Thousands of people died in it So it s important to know what to do when one hits Here are some tips on how to stay safe in an earthquake 1 If you are indoors during an earthquake hide 躲藏 under a desk Stay away from windows and anything that could fall on you 2 If you are outdoors move to a clear place Try to be away from trees signs buildings and streetlights These could fall on you 3 If you are in a shop and far from the door don t try to run outside and rush for exits 出口 Everyone will be doing that and you 11 find it hard getting out Don t get into a lift during an earthquake Just hide under some strong cover near you 4 When an earthquake has ended be careful because aftershocks may still happen These are just as dangerous as the earthquake itself So stay under the desk until you make sure it s safe to get up 5 If you are at home and you smell gas 煤气 open the windows and get out of the building as quickly as you can A gas line in your house may be broken This could be very dangerous 66 Most earthquakes are too to hurt