2011年高考英语复习 动词课件 牛津版VIP

动词 动词 动词 Verbs 是最复杂的一种词类 它既可以表示动作 又可以表示状态 它有人称和数的变化 而且必须与主语的人称和数保持一致 它还有一些特有的语法特征 如时态 语态和语气 动词可分为五类 及物动词 不及物动词 系动词 助动词和情态动词 常考动词的词义与搭配 I 动词的基本形式 动词原形VerbStem一般现在时第三人称单数形式ThirdPersonSingularPresentTenseForm过去式PastTenseForm过去分词PastParticiple现在分词PresentParticiple 一般现在时第三人称单数形式的构成 过去式和过去分词的构成 现在分词的构成 II 动词的分类 及物动词不及物动词系动词 be become get go seem smell turn stay等 助动词时态助动词 be have will would shall should do助动词情态动词 a 及物动词 TransitiveVerbs 及物动词后要接宾语 这类动词很多 常见的有 avoid buy catch cut describe discuss enjoy exchange expect get give have lack love make need protect recommend record provide risk support trust upset want welcome等 1 接双宾语的及物动词 有些及物动词可以接双宾语 常见的这类动词有 bring buy choose do get give hand find keep order pass pay promise read return same sell show sing teach tell wish等 例 Suchanarrangementwillsaveusalotoftrouble 08徽 Areyouhappywithyournewcomputer No itis mealotoftrouble A showingB leavingC givingD sparing C 2 接复合宾语的及物动词 有些及物动词可以接复合宾语 宾语 宾语补足语 常见的这类动词有 ask call believe consider choose elect hear have imagine think get find feel keep leave make name prove push order teach tell wish等 例 Hekeptusalive 他使我们活了下来 3 与名词搭配表示一次动作的及物动词 have give take make等少数及物动词常和许多名词搭配 表示一次动作 b 不及物动词 IntransitiveVerbs 不及物动词后不接宾语 常见的不及物动词有 ache appear belong come cough crawl cry die disappear exist fall flow glide go happen hesitate kneel laugh lie live pause sigh sit smile sneeze swim travel weep等 例 Willlookedaroundcarefully 1 接同源宾语的不及物动词 可接同源宾语的不及物动词有 live laugh smile sleep die dream等 同源宾语前往往有定语修饰 例 Idreamedastrangedreamlastnight LikeHuck MarkTwainlivedanadventurouslife 2 与介词搭配组成短语动词的不及物动词 有些不及物动词可与介词搭配组成短语动词 PhrasalVerbs 相当于及物动词 其后接宾语 例 Hekeptonsayingreallymeanthingstohurtme IlistenedtomusicbeforeIcouldspeak Tips 有些动词与介词或副词搭配构成短语动词 表达一个概念 其作用相当于一个单独的动词 例 arriveat reachcallon visitcomeabout happencarefor likegoup risekeepon promisemakefor understandputoff postponeringup telephone 3 容易混淆的不及物动词和及物动词 lie与layYourbookislyingonthedesk Ilaidyourbookonthedesk rise与raiseTheteacher svoicerose Theteacherraisedhisvoice sit与seatPleasesitdown Pleasebeseated Tips 英语中有很多动词兼作及物动词和不及物动词 如meet move hurt pass run remember answer write等 词义有的不变 有的会有所不同 例如 ShecanwritepoemsinEnglish Shewritesverywell Gladtomeetyou Whereshallwemeet c 系动词 LinkingVerbs 系动词与其后的表语一起才能表达一个完整的意义 表语多用名词或形容词 常见的系动词有 appear be become fall get go grow keep look prove remain seem smell sound stay taste turn等 例如 Heoftenbecameveryexcitedduringthesereadings MymouthfellopenandIjustlookedathim Tips 英语的系表结构中 有一些固定搭配 如 fallasleep ill sick gobad blind hungry pale red tired wrong growangry big cold calm dark fat hot loud old rich serious thin tall worse keepcalm close cool fit fine quiet silent warm d 助动词 动词根据其含义和语法功能可分为实义动词 NotionalVerbs 和助动词 AuxiliaryVerbs 实义动词意义完整 能够独立作谓语 而助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完整 不能单独作谓语 试比较 Theboydoeshishomeworkeveryday Theboydoesn tdohishomeworkonSundays 助动词的分类 助动词常用来与实义动词一起构成各种时态 语态 语气 否定和疑问结构 以表达说话人的各种情态 助动词可分为时态助动词和do助动词两种 1 时态助动词 时态助动词有be have will would shall should可以用来构成各种时态 语态和语气 例如 WewillgotoAfricafirst ThemodernOlympicGameswereheldin1896 inAthens 04沪 ThefirstuseofAtomicweaponswasin1945 andtheirpower increasedenormouslyeversince A isB wasC hasbeenD hadbeen C 2 do助动词 do可帮助构成疑问句和否定句 还可表示强调或代替前面动词以避免重复 例如 Doyoufindhomeworktiringandboring Asyoucansee Ididescape Walkingandridingyourbikecount andsodoschoolsports III 常考动词的词义与搭配have的各种句型及用法 1 havesth done 注重 结果 2 havesb sth doing 3 havesb do 4 havesb sth done doing do make的各种句型及用法 make 宾语make 双宾语make 宾语 名词 补足语 make 宾语 形容词 补足语 make it adj noun infinitive that clausemakesb sth infinitivewithout to makesth oneself pastparticiple consider的用法 1 consider 宾语 名词 代词 从句 动名词或不定式的疑问式 2 consider 宾语 补足语 名词 形容词 不定式tobe tohavebeen 3 considerit 名词或形容词 todosth 4 consider as 类似说法 haveAasBtreatAasBthinkofAasBspeakofAasBregardAasBlookon uponAasBrefertoAasBaccept aslookupto asremember ascount asuseA B 三建议advise persuade suggest三个看起来seem look appear四打击beat hit strike knock四想要hope wish want expect五输赢win defeat beat gain fail五收到receive accept admit get take六穿puton wear haveon dress bein pullon七花费spend cost pay take charge buy sell IV 一些重点动词短语归纳 breakbringcallgetgo holdmakeputturntake break a Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished breakone sword promise therules regulations theappointment 违背 b Thecriminaltriedtobreakawayfromthepoliceman 摆脱 c Ourcarbrokedownandwehadtotowittoagarage 抛锚 Allourplansbrokedown 计划 谈判等失败 Herhealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork 身体垮掉 Chemicalsinthebodybreakdownourfoodintousefulsubstance 分解 d Duringourconversation heoftenbrokeinwithaslightjest 插嘴 e Thievesbrokeintoourapartmentlastnight 闯入 f Ourtradingconnectionwasbrokenoffowingtoadisagreementoverprices 中断 g WorldWarIbrokeoutin1914 火灾 战争等爆发 h Aftermidnight thepartybrokeup 散开 I Ourtroopshadlittledifficultyinbreakingthroughthelinesofthepolice 突破 bring a Theaccidentwasbroughtaboutbythecarelessnessofthedriver 引起 b Goodharvestwillbringdowntheprice 降低价格 c It sbraveofhimtobringforwardobjectionsatthemeeting 提出 d Topromotethelocaleconomy thegovernmentdecidedtobringinlargeamountsofadvancedequipment 引进 e Hebringsin5 000yuaneverymonth 赚得 f Hismotherdiedwhenhewasyoungandhisgrandmotherbroughthimup 抚养 g Hewassoillthathebroughtupeverything 呕吐 call a Theprofessioncallsfortheabilitytoimprovise 需要 b Iwillcallforyouatsixtomorrowmorning 来接 c It stimethatyoucalledforyourpackages 来取 d HehappenedtobeoutwhenIcalledinhishome 拜访 e Youshouldcallinadoctoratonce 请来 f Thearmywascalledintocutthroughfallentreesandtohelpcleartheroadsandpaths 召集 g Thebasketballmatchwascalledoffbecauseoftherain 取消 h HehappenedtobeoutwhenIcalledonhim 拜访 i Thegovernmentcalledonthepublictotakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment 号召 get a Youaresupposedtotryyourbesttogetyourstudiesimproved 使得 Thelecturesoongotusthinking Igothimtocleanthefloorthistime b Myworkisgettingalong onbetternow 进展 Tomiseasy goingandgetsalong onwellwitheveryone 相处 c Theteacherwasunabletogethismeaningacrosstotheclass 使 被理解 d Thestoryhasgotround everybodyknowsaboutit 消息传开 e Don tyouthinkit stimewegotdowntobusiness 开始认真做某事 f Withmyfriendshelpingmegetoverthedifficulties Icanfinishthetaskinadvance 克服 g Theoperatorfinallygotmethrough 接通电话 h Hehasgotthrough 1 000inlessthanayear 用完 i Johnhasgotthroughtheexamination 通过 j I llbewithyouassoonasIgetthroughthiswork 做完 k geton offthebus 上下汽车 gettogether 相聚 go a Butifyougoagainstnatureanddothingsatthewrongtimeofyear youwillhavetodomoreworkandtheresultswillnotbesogood 违背 b Howiseverythinggoing Thingsaregoingverywell 进展 c Theblackhairwasgoinggrey 变得 d Theenginewentbeautifully 运转 e Asthesayinggoes Nopains nogains 流传 f Ifyouthinkyoucansolvetheproblem goahead 开始做某事 g MayIborrowyourdictionary Yes goahead 表同意 h Timewentbyquickly 过去 i Shareshavegonedownagainbytenpoints 价格下降 j Shehadnotimetogodeeplyintothematterjustthen 调查 k Whatisgoingonoutthere 发生 l WhynotbuysomeEnglishtapesandsomebookstogowiththem 相配 m Whensmokerswhoareusedtonicotinegowithoutitforanhourortwo theybegintofeelbad 不吃 不用 n Gooveryourworkbeforeyouhanditin 仔细检查 o Hedoesn tgoinforteamgames 对某事有兴趣 爱好 hold a Sheheldback notknowingwhattodoorsay 犹豫不决 b Don tholdanythingback youmusttellmeeverything 隐瞒 c Iftheyhadn theldhimback hewouldhavebeatenyou 阻碍 d ImademychoiceandIwillholdontotheend 坚持下去 e Heaskedmetoholdonwhileheleftthephonetofindapencil 别挂电话 f Couldheholdoutinspiteofthedifficulty 坚持顶住压力 g Thepupilhelduphishandtoasktheteacheraquestion 举起 h Alotofcarswereheldupintheaccident 使停顿 i holdoffice 任职 holdapost position 担任某个职位 put a Johnputstendollarsasideeveryweek 存储 b Heputasidehistextbookswhenheleftschoolandneverreopened 放下 c Putasideallthathashappenedandtrytostartagain 搁在一边 d Putyourbooksaway 收起来 e Putthedictionarybackontheshelf 放回原处 f Themeetinghasbeenputoffuntilnextweek 推迟 g Heputoutthelampandwentout 使熄灭 h Putonmoreclothesoryou llcatchacold 穿戴 i Areyouseriousinputtingforwardsuchaview 提出 j putintoeffect 使实现 putintoforce 使生效 putintopractice 实行 putonweight 增加体重