2015年高考英语试题及答案解析北京卷剖析..doc

2015北京卷(英语)第一部分： 听力理解(共三节，30 分) 第一节(共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分， 共 7.5 分)第二部分： 知识运用(共两节， 45 分)第一节单项填空(共 15 小题；每小题 1 分， 共 15 分)从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例：Its so nice to hear from her again. _， we last met more than thirty years ago.AWhats more BThats to sayCIn other words DBelieve it or not答案是 D。21A92015北京卷 _the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.ACatching BCaught CTo catch DCatch21C 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了赶上早航班，我们提前订了出租车并早早起床。此处表示目的，需用动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。22A112015北京卷 Did you enjoy the party?Yes. We _well by our hosts.Awere treated Bwould be treatedCtreated Dhad treated 22A 考查动词的时态和语态。根据问句“Did you enjoy the party？”可知这里谈的是举行过的一次聚会，应该用一般过去时；又因为主语we和动词treat之间是被动关系，即“我们是被主人招待的”，因此这里需要用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。23A92015北京卷 The park was full of people, _themselves in the sunshine.Ahaving enjoyed Benjoyed Cenjoying Dto enjoy23C 考查非谓语动词。enjoying为现在分词作状语，充当句子的伴随状语，与前面的people形成逻辑上的主谓关系，故选C。24A152015北京卷 Opposite is St Pauls Church, _ you can hear some lovely music. Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere24D 考查定语从句。空格前面是一个表示地点的专有名词St Pauls Church，其后的定语从句中有主语和谓语，缺少的是表示地点的状语，相当于“在这个教堂里”，故选D。句意：圣保罗教堂就在对面，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。25A62015北京卷 He is a shy man, _ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.Aso Bbut Cor Das25B 考查并列句的连接词。句意：他是个腼腆的人，但他并不怕任何事或任何人。but表示语意上的转折。26A112015北京卷 In the last few years, China _ great achievements in environmental protection.Ahas made Bhad made Cwas making Dis making26A 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“In the last few years”可知，该句表示从过去到现在的情况，所以用现在完成时。句意：在最近的几年里，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。27A112015北京卷 Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?Not really. She _ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.Awas to give Bhad given Cwas giving Dwould give27B 考查动词的时态。根据问句“Did you have”中的过去时判断，Ann告诉“我们”方向应该是在找到她家之前，也就是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。句意：“你们找到安的家费周折了吗？”“一点儿也没费劲。她之前告诉我们的方向很清楚，我们轻而易举就找到了她家。”28A142015北京卷 You wont find paper cutting difficult _ you keep practising it.Aeven though Bas long as Cas if Dever since28B 考查状语从句。even thougheven if“即使”，引导让步状语从句；as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句；as ifas though“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句；ever since“自从”，引导时间状语从句。句意：只要坚持练习，你就会发现剪纸并不难。故选B。29A102015北京卷 Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late. I really _ go now. My daughter is home alone.Amay Bcan Cmust Ddare 29C 考查情态动词的用法。may可能；can能，可以；must必须；dare敢于。句意：“你不能再待会儿吗？”“时间不早了。我确实必须要回家了。我女儿自己一个人在家里。”30A112015北京卷 Dr Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I_ him later.Awill call Bhave called Ccall Dwill be calling30A 考查动词的时态。根据第一句可知，Dr Jackson目前不在办公室，所以打电话是将来的事，因此用一般将来时，故选A。31A162015北京卷 If _ for the job, youll be informed soon.Ato accept Baccept Caccepting Daccepted 31D 考查省略。从句的主语和主句的主语you一致，并且主语和动词accept之间是被动的关系，因此用过去分词表示。前面的句子补充完整为If (you are) accepted，是省略主语和be动词的条件状语从句。32A142015北京卷 _the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.AUntil BUnless COnce DAlthough 32C 考查状语从句。until引导时间状语从句，表示“直到”；unless引导条件状语从句，表示“除非，如果不”；once引导时间状语从句，表示“一旦”；although引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。根据句意，这里是表示“一旦造成损害，耕地要好多年才能恢复”，故选C。33A132015北京卷 I truly believe _beauty comes from within.Athat Bwhere Cwhat Dwhy33A 考查名词性从句。句意：我确实相信美丽来自于内在。believe后为宾语从句，从句中成分齐全，故选A。34A102015北京卷 If I _ it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.Adidnt see Bwerent seeing Cwouldnt see Dhadnt seen34D 考查虚拟语气。根据主句“I wouldnt have believed it (would 现在完成时)”推断，这里表示的是过去的一件事情。因此，从句也要使用与过去事实相反的一种假设，因此用过去完成时，故选D。句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我就不会相信。35A132015北京卷 _ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.AWhere BHow CWhy DWhen35B 考查名词性从句。has之前的部分为句子的主语。本句为主语从句。根据语境，这里想表达“我们如何理解事物与我们的感受有很大关系”，故选B。第二节完形填空(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分， 共 30 分)阅读下面短文， 掌握其大意， 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中， 选出最佳选项。B12015北京卷A welcome giftDario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them _36_ side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud _37_ filled the room and made them feel very happy.The next morning, _38_， their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a _39_ under their door during the night. One of their neighbours had written to complain(抱怨) about the sound of the piano. Darios mother asked the building superintendent(管理员) if he knew anything about it. But he said that they were all _40_ people and he couldnt imagine any of them had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their _41_ and apologize for their playing.“Maybe we could go and _42_ everyone in person，” his mother said.“What if we invited them to come here for a _43_ instead？” Dario asked.They both loved the _44_. Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts _45_ their guests. They decorated the apartment with streamers(彩带) and party lights.Finally, the day of the party _46_. Some guests brought presents. Others brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to _47_. One woman, Mrs Gilbert, _48_ Darios mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.“I heard you playing the other night, ” she said. “The sounds woke me out of bed. I _49_ that you might play like this every night. So I wrote a short note. I hope you dont think I disliked the playing.”Darios mother smiled at Mrs Gilbert. “I think maybe we _50_ you an apology，” she said. “I didnt _51_ how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.”“You play, you play！” Mrs Gilbert said. “I like what you play! Just not so loud at night.” She pointed to the book she had given them. “These songs are not such _52_ music.”“These songs are beautiful music，” Darios mother said. “We will be _53_ to play them in the evening.”“And we wont play so loud or late！” Dario said. He was already looking forward to _54_ the new music. More than that, however, he was happy to see the big smile on his mothers face. It gave him a feeling of _55_ and made him feel that they were home at last.36. Asat Bstood Clay Dwalked37. Avoice Bring Cmusic Dcry38. Atherefore Bhowever Cotherwise Dinstead39. Anote Bposter Cbill Dreport40. Aproud Brich Clucky Dnice41. Aneighbours Bfriends Crelatives Daudiences42. Ablame Binstruct Cquestion Dvisit43. Aparty Bconcert Cshow Dplay44. Aexperience Bidea Cperformance Daction45. Ato Bwith Cfor Dfrom46. Acontinued Barrived Cpassed Dfinished47. Aorder Bsell Cshare Dadvertise48. Atreated Bpresented Chelped Dserved49. Apromised Badmitted Cagreed Dworried50. Agive Bsend Coffer Dowe51. Arealize Bremember Cunderstand Daccept52. Asweet Bstrange Cfunny Dloud53. Abrave Bsorry Chappy Dafraid54. Achanging Bpractising Crecording Dwriting55. Aequality Bfreedom Cwarmth Dsympathy【要点综述】 本文讲述的是邻里冲突的故事。一对母子乔迁新居后的当天晚上一起弹奏钢琴进行庆祝，但第二天早上却收到了邻居充满抱怨的字条。母子商量后决定举办一个聚会向邻居表达歉意。在参加聚会的邻居中，写抱怨字条的女士向母子赠送了一本轻音乐的书，邻里最终和谐相处。 36A 根据下一句中的played jazz music可知，他们坐下来弹奏钢琴，故选A。stand站；lie躺；walk走。 37C根据上一句中的jazz music可知这里是指爵士乐这种声音稍大的音乐(music)。voice嗓音；ring铃声；cry哭声。 38B他们晚上庆祝得非常开心，但是第二天这种快乐就消失了。however“然而”，表示转折。therefore因此；otherwise否则；instead反而。 39A根据文中的under their door和后面文段中的“So I wrote a short note.”来判断，门缝下出现的应该是note(纸条)。poster海报；bill账单；report报告。 40D 此空与空后的语句“he couldnt imagine any of them had done that.”形成对比关系，意思是“这里住的都是好人，他无法想象有人做了这件事(写纸条)”，由此可以推断修饰people的应该是nice(好的，友善的)。proud骄傲的；lucky幸运的；rich富有的。41A根据上下文，写纸条的是邻居，因此道歉信也应该写给邻居(neighbour)。friend朋友；relative亲戚；audience听众，观众。 42D根据语境可知，他们要向邻居道歉，所以需要亲自(in person)拜访(visit)。blame 责备；instruct指导；question质疑。 43A 根据后文的信息可知，他们决定改登门拜访为举办聚会(party)。concert音乐会；show演出；play话剧。 44B 这里是母子在谈论如何向邻居致歉，他们想出了举办聚会(party)的主意。因此母子都喜欢这个想法(idea)。experience经验，经历；performance表演；action行动。45C 根据语境，他们发出邀请，并为客人们准备了甜点。for为了；to朝向；with带有，和；from从，来自。prepare sth for sb为某人准备某物。 46B 根据语境，准备多日的聚会终于到来了。arrive到来；continue继续；pass通过，经过；finish完成。 47C 根据语境，客人们有的带来鲜花(给这对母子)，有的还带来了甜品，这当然是为了和参加聚会的人分享。share分享；order订购；sell卖；advertise做广告。48B根据上下文中写纸条、轻柔音乐等判断，Mrs Gilbert赠送给Dario的母亲一本肖邦钢琴曲的书。present敬献，赠送；treat款待； help帮助；serve招待，服侍。 49D Mrs Gilbert讲述投诉纸条的事情，她当时被Dario家里的琴声吵醒，担心以后每天都会被吵醒，所以才写了纸条。她表达的是自己当时的担心。worry担心；promise承诺；admit承认，容许；agree赞成。 50D 根据上下文，Mrs Gilbert和Dario的妈妈冰释前嫌，但Dario的妈妈觉得自己深夜弹琴吵醒邻居，仍然欠邻居一个道歉。 owe亏欠；give给予；send发送；offer提供。 51A 根据上下文可知，他们弹琴时没意识到(realize)时间有多晚。remember记住；understand 理解；accept接受。52D 根据此空前的“Just not so loud at night.”以及上文“Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.”可推断邻居赠送的书里的音乐应该不是特别吵的音乐。sweet甜的，甜美的；strange奇怪的；funny有趣的。 53C 双方和解了，而且Dario的妈妈说：“这些歌曲都是美妙的音乐(These songs are beautiful music)”，故Dario和妈妈应该很高兴在傍晚弹奏这些(柔和的)音乐。happy高兴的；brave勇敢的；sorry抱歉的，遗憾的；afraid担心的，害怕的。54B 根据语境，Mrs Gilbert送给他们一本有关音乐的书，他们乐于接受，那么接下来应该是期待着去练习新曲了。practise练习；change改变；record记录；write写。55C文章中出现了“the big smile on his mothers face”和“feel that they were home”等，故可以推断美好的邻里关系给新搬来的居民带来了温暖的感觉。warmth温暖；equality平等；freedom自由；sympathy同情。第三部分：阅读理解 (共两节， 40 分)第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分， 共 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中， 选出最佳选项。C22015北京卷AThe boy made it!One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didnt have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. If he didnt, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him.Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldnt lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he couldhe huddled(蜷缩) in his cave and slept.The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldnt find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls survival show Man vs. Wild.Thats where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode(一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.When Grylls heard about Nicholas amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.56What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?AHe got lost.BHe broke his skis.CHe hurt his eyes.DHe caught a cold.57How did Nicholas keep himself warm?AHe found a shelter.BHe lighted some branches.CHe kept on skiing.DHe built a snow cave.58On Tuesday, Nicholas _Areturned to his shelter safelyBwas saved by a searcherCgot stuck in the snowDstayed where he was59Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he _Adid the right things in the dangerous situationBwatched Grylls TV programme regularlyCcreated some tips for survivalDwas very hardworking【要点综述】 本文讲述了Nicholas在山上滑雪时突遇暴风雪被困迷了路，他是如何运用从电视节目中所学的逃生技巧，在雪中生存并获救的故事。56. A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone！”可知，一个周日的下午， Nicholas去滑雪时迷路了。57. D细节理解题。根据第四段中的built a snow cave和“to stay as warm as he could.”可知，他是通过搭建雪洞保暖的。58. B细节理解题。根据第六段中的“He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.”可知，他最终被志愿搜救者救了。59. A推理判断题。根据最后一段Grylls对Nicholas出色表现的认可，可以推断Nicholas把电视上Grylls展示的生存技巧发挥到极致才得以幸存。C42015北京卷BRevolutionary TV EarsTV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hear the television clearly without turning up the volume(音量) and now its better and more affordable than ever! With TV Ears wireless technology, you set your own headset volume, while other TV listeners hear the television at a volume level thats comfortable for them. You can even listen through the headset only and put the TV on mute(静音) if the situation calls for a quiet environmentmaybe the baby is sleeping. Or perhaps you are the only one who is interested in listening to the ballgame.TV Ears patented technology includes a revolutionary noise reduction ear tip, not used in any other commercially available headset. This tip reduces outside noise so that television dialogue is clear and understandable. Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding customers. Thats why TV Ears has earned the trust and confidence of audiologists(听觉学家) nationwide as well as worldfamous doctors.Doctor Recommended TV Ears!“My wife and I have used TV Ears almost daily for the past two years and find them a great help in our enjoyment of television. As a retired ear doctor, I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss.”Robert Forbes, MD., CACustomer Recommended TV Ears!“Now my husband can have the volume as loud as he needs and I can have the TV at my hearing level. TV Ears is so comfortable that Jack forgets he has them on! He can once again hear and understand the dialogue.”Darlene & Jack B, CARisk Free Trial! TV Ears comes with a 30day risk free trial.Special OfferNow $59.95.If youre not satisfied, return it.Moneyback guarantee!Call now! 800123783260TV Ears helps you _Aimprove your sleeping qualityBlisten to TV without disturbing othersCchange TV channels without difficultyDbecome interested in ballgame programmes61What makes TV Ears different from other headsets?AIt can easily set TV on mute.BIts headset volume is adjustable.CIt has a new noise reduction ear tip.DIt applies special wireless technology.62This advertisement is made more believable by _Ausing recommendationsBoffering reasons for this inventionCproviding statisticsDshowing the results of experiments【要点综述】 这是一篇广告，介绍了一款产品TV Ears，它不但可以辅助听力障碍的人士在不调高音量的情况下正常听清电视声音，还可以帮助人们(包括听力正常的人士)根据自己的需要设置自己的耳机音量而不打扰到别人。文章涵盖该产品的特点、用户反馈、价格和联系方式等。60. B细节理解题。根据第一段对此种耳机用途的介绍可知，使用这种耳机可以设置自己的耳机音量，同时，他人可以在他们感觉舒服的音量下收听电视，甚至可以在周围需要安静环境的要求下只使用耳机，而将电视调为静音，故使用此种耳机不会打扰他人。61. C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“a revolutionary noise reduction ear tip, not used in any other commercially available headset.”可知，这种减噪声耳机部件是该设备独特的地方。62. A推理判断题。根据文中医生和使用者的描述可知，这种产品很有效。用户的陈述中都出现了“Recommended(推荐)”，这增加了其可信度。 C82015北京卷CLife in the clear Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3，300 feetas far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless theyre eating it, or unless something is eating them.”And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become seethrough? Its trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesnt absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesnt look very different from the surrounding air or water. You dont see ityou see the things behind it.To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colours of light. But a transparent animal doesnt have pigments, so its tissues wont absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materialsskin, fat, and moreand light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be seethrough. Others build a large, clear mass of nonliving jelly