初三英语知识点归类1-6.doc

创建时间：2003/10/19 10:05:00黄小平Page JY:wenkufile_temp22020-34db17f071-3ef0-4eee-923d-386ef4ca3c7fcf1417f44b0301c59920aa8f9aa88aa1.pdf初三英语知识点归类Unit One-Six一. 构词1. 名词变复数shelf-shelves library-libraries2. 名词变名词library-librariansurf-surfing3. 动词变名词surf-surfer4. 形容词变副词sad-sadlypossible-possiblyespecial-especially5. 形容词变名词busy-business6. 同义词（组）on=aboutprobably =perhaps =maybepay for =spend on(in doing)=cost=takecome up with =think ofmissing =lostbe filled with =be full ofafter that =thenfit =healthywaste =rubbish =litterenjoyable =interesting7. 反义词（组）sad-happy/pleasedpossible-impossiblefail-passfail-succeeddirty-clean8. 既是动词又是形容词open clear clean tidy9. 既是动词的过去分词又是形容词worried closed broken lost二. 词组与句型1. have got =havehas got =hasI have got a pen =I have a pen.2. in the library3. borrow ones sth =borrow sth from sblend sb sth =lend sth to sbkeep sth for some time4. several =three or more =a few5. at the moment =now6. Have you seen my knife anywhere?7. have been totwicehave been in/atfor 2 yearshas gone toalready8. There he is.Here it is.Here you are.Here comes the bus9. used to do sth过去常常做某事be used to doing sth习惯做某事He used to be a maths teacher.She didnt use to play basketball.He is used to getting up early.10. put down11. walk a few steps12. step into the garden13. pay for付款，给报酬sb pay money for sth=sb spend money on(in doing) sth=sth cost sb moneyIt takes sb time to do sth.=sb spend time on(in doing) sth14. come up with=think of=find out15. the lost books16. give me knowledge =give knowledge to me17. make me happy/sad18. forget to do sth / remember to do sthforget doing sth / remember doing sth19. leave for home =go homeleave home20. Have you already found the book?Yes, I have.No, I havent./ Not yet.21. Have you ever spoken to a foreigner?Yes, I have./ Yes, only once./ twice.No, I havent. / No, never. /No, I never have.22. the next day 第二天23. sooner or later24. What was worse.更糟的是What was worst.最糟的是25. each of the boys is26. think over=think aboutthink of27. encourage sb to do sth28. getback.取回giveback =return归还come back =return回来29. pick up捡起30. go abroad出国31. a way to do sth做的一种方式32. notuntil直到才33. get sth fromWe can get eggs from hens.34. travel on a plane =travel by air35. As she sang, the tears ran down her cheeks.I must stop writing now, as I have quite a lot of work to do.He speaks English as Americans do.We get united as one man.36. a television screenthe computer screen37. one of your classmates is38. the following questions =the next question39. fill in the formsb fill sth with sth.sth be filled with sth =sth be full of sth40. after that =then41. somebody elseanything elsewhat elseWhat else do you want?=What other things do you want?42. wait a minute =wait a moment43. Here is/are sth for sb.44. go to the beach45. have a try46. none of47. Whats the surfing like today?=Hows the surfing today?48. learn sth/doing sth from sbI have learnt surfing from him.49. all overall over the work50. an important question =a question of importance51. attract sb to sw52. large numbers of=a large number of=many53. The number of our class is 50.54. no matter how =howeverno matter what =whateverno matter where =whereverno matter when =whenever55. give up sth/doing sthI have given up smoking.=I have stopped smoking.56. make sb fit/healthy57. the Olympic Games58. hear sb do sth做了（结果）hear sb doing sth正在做（过程）see/watch/listen/look at 用法相同We often see her play volleyball outside.59. popular =be liked byTable tennis is a popular game in China.=Table tennis is liked by most of the Chinese.60. Waikiki is one of the best beaches for surfing.61. all the year round =throughout the year62. sb find sb out doing sthsb find sb doing sthsb find sb (to be) sthsb find sb (to be) adj.sb find that sb find it easy to do sthI find him out playing football.=I find him playing football outside.I find him a clever boy.=I find him to be a clever boy.=I find him to be clever.=I find him clever=I find that he is a clever boy.63. There is a difference between “Paris” and “pairs”= “Paris” is different from “pairs”64. live to surflive to study65. a 21-year-old manan 8-year-old boya 2-month-old babyHe is an eight-year-old boy=He is eight=He is eight years old=His age is eight66. have a night off 休息一晚have a week off 休息一周67. The jobs leave my afternoons for surfing.68. such+形容词名词复数（或不可数名词）such+a/an+形容词名词单数such+名词（单数、复数或不可数名词）so+形容词+a/an+名词单数so+形容词（或副词）的原级so much/little +不可数名词so many/few +可数名词复数当little译为“小的”时候。如：such a little girl=so little a girlsuch little babies69. sothat如此以致that从句是肯定 sothat=adj+enough tothat从句是否定sothat=tooto =not 反义形容词enough to如：He is so strong that he can lift the box.=He is strong enough to lift the box.She is so young that she cant go to school. = She is too young to go to school.=She is not old enough to go to school.70. so 形容词 a/an thatsuch a/an 形容词 thatHe is so foolish a boy that he cant work out it.=He is such a foolish boy that he cant work out it. 71. practise doing sthpractise sthYou should practise speaking English as much (often) as possible.72. so far 至今，用于现在完成时中73. on business 经商He has gone to London on business.74. cross the bridge/river=go across the bridge/river75. Channel One76. come trueI hope my wish will come true one day.77. slow down78. have a happy journey home=have a good time on ones way home79. be proud of 以自豪（高兴）=take pride inbe the pride of 是的骄傲80. speak highly of称赞The teachers all spoke highly of LiuMing.=LiuMing was spoken highly of by all the teachers.81. not onlybut also不仅而且(1)连接主语，临近原则。Not only he but also I am happy.Not only the teacher but also he goes home on foot.(2)连接宾语或其他句子成分。I like not only reading but also writing.He writes not only neatly but also fast.82. unless =ifnot83. He became the youngest person ever to cross the channel.Its the biggest crop ever.84. set off for sw He will set off for Sydney.set off to do sth He will set off to have a picnic85. go on doing sth 继续干某事86. for another two hours=for two more hours87. a big crowd of people88. Among them were his parents.倒装句89. pour down 倾泻pour in/out 蜂拥而至/涌出90. waste ones timewaste ones breathwaste paper91. be afraid of sb/sthbe afraid of doing sthbe afraid to do sthbe afraid thatShe is very afraid of dogs.I am afraid to go out alone at night.=Im afraid of going out alone at night.Im afraid that you are wrong.92. League memberParty memberthe member of the family93. 参加、加入短暂性动词举例变延续性动词join加入一种团体join the Partyjoin the LeagueHe joined the army 2 years ago.I will join you.He has joined the League.He has been in the army for 2 years.take part in参加一种活动What sports do you take part in?What sports are you in?94. harm the environment破坏环境take care of the environment爱护环境protect the environment保护环境improve the environment改善环境95. Where have you been?Where has he gone?96. the TV station97. a (one) year and a half =one and a half yearstwo days and a half =two and a half days98. Smoking harms our health.99. collect stamps100. whenever =no matter when =at all the time101. wherever =no matter where =at any place102. cut down103. tidy your clothes104. make a contribution to sthmake a contribution to doing sth105. improve =make better106. be visiting sth=be on a visit to sthgo to visit sth=go on a visit to sthMr. Smith is visiting our school.=Mr. Smith is on a visit to our school.107. come to my ears108. go outsidecome inside109. What is happening?(或Whats happening?)What happened?What has happened?(或Whats happened?)110. There was a truck collecting rubbish outsideThere is no time to play .There is no time left .111. as soon as 一就112. Its a pleasant way to help keep our city tidy113. on public wallsin public places114. collect sth for sthcollect sth for doing sth115. suppose sb/sth to be 猜想，想，认为I suppose him to be about fifty.He was supposed to be foolish.suppose that+从句 认为，猜想I suppose(think) that it is true.be supposed to do sth 应该What am I supposed to do?=What should I do?116. leave sth 介词短语，把某物忘在某处I am sorry I left my book at home.117. the more trees, the better.The 比较级句子，The比较级句子。The more you eat, the fatter youll be.118. all ones lifeall my life / all their lives119. do well in/do better in擅长于/更擅长于do badly in/do worse in在方面做得差/更差be good at 擅长于be weak in/at在方面做得差120. litter.about121. make surebe sure122. take away123. Mount Emei124. as soon as possible=as soon as sb can125. 除之外except除去的人和物不包括在内We went to the zoo except Tom.（说明Tom没有去。）but=except但常与no, all, nobody, where, who连用We went to the zoo but(except) Tom.besides在所指的部分外再加一部分We went to the zoo besides Tom.(说明Tom也去了)126. right now =at the moment =nowright away =at once =immediately127. Thats very kind of youIts very kind of you.128. That would be fine.129. leave a message for sb为某人留个口信take a message for sb为某人捎口信take a message to sb捎个口信给某人give sb a message给某人一个口信130. Many thanks=thanks a lot131. rush away/out132. all kinds of different kinds ofa kind of133. a comfortable lifea comfortable chairMake yourself comfortable 别客气134. keep doing sthkeep on doing sth135. offer sb sthoffer sth to sbWe offered some clothes to the poor.=We offered the poor some clothes.136. offer sb some money for sth137. How do you find it?=How do you like it?=What do you think of it?138. Jims train ride139.yet否定句中，仍然，句末或not之后疑问句中，已经already肯定句、疑问句中（带有肯定意义），已经，句中或句末still肯定句中，仍然140. They are not here yet.=They are not yet here.Have you finished your work yet?I have already finished my work.Have you already finished your work?Have you finished your work already?He is still busy.141. a rushed trip一个匆忙的旅途142. have a wonderful train ride to London143. early one morningearly in the morning144. the Greens =the Green family145. walk around146. fall fast asleep147. What a pity!148. my own room =a room of my own149. go on a trip150. have a football match151. come back (home) from work152. 表推测must可能性大一定是，准是It must be more delicious, isnt it.may可能性小可能可改为maybe/perhapsThe key may be in your desk.=May be the key is in your desk.cant否定不可能It cant be your mother, is it?153. take a photo of sb154. show sb sth =show sth to sb155. go scuba diving156. search the Internet157. search sth for sbsearch sw for sthsearch sth out =look for 158. a double roomdouble ones income159. press the enter button160. have a good time =enjoy oneself161. have a family meeting162. decide to do sth=make up ones mind to do sth163. Do you kids have any idea?164. somewhere warmsomebody elsesomething important165. How long are you going to be away?166.too也肯定句句末He is a student, too太形容词、副词之前，有时构成much too (太),too much (太多)It costs too much.=It is much too expensive.also也肯定句句中,系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前He is also a student.=He is a student, too.either也不否定句中，句末I cant come, he cant come, either.任一任何句子中，两者之间的任一-When will you come, this evening or tomorrow morning?-Either, I am free all the time.167. on the Internet168. Tom is a teacher, Jim is a teacher, too.=Both Tom and Jim are teachers.=Tom is a teacher, Jim is also a teacher.=Tom is a teacher, so is Jim.Tom isnt a teacher, Jim isnt a teacher, either.=Neither Tom nor Jim is a teacher.=Tom isnt a teacher, nor is Jim=Tom isnt a teacher, neither is Jim.169. teach sb to do sthteach sb sthteach sb how to do sth170. at the top of the page171. 首都、省会国家首都省份省会ChinaBeijingJiangxiNanchangJapanTokyoSichuangChenduAmericaWashingtonYunnanKunmingEnglandLondonHebeiSijiazuanAustraliaSydneyHenanZhenzhouRussiaMoscowHunanChangshaGermanyBerlinGuangdongGuangzhouFranceParisHainanHaikouCanadaOttawaLiaoningShenyuan172. What is the population of China?=It is 1.3 billion.173. The population of China is the largest in the world. 174. the edge of the desk175. in the east of Chinaon the east of Chinato the east of China176. Hainan Island is the place to be.177. a one-way ticket178. book a ticketbook a table in a restaurant179. go straight along180. just a minute =wait a minute =wait a moment =one moment, please 等一会儿in a minute 一会儿181. use the 24 hour clock182. 0700 hours means seven oclock in the morning.183. think about think ofthink over184. miss a chanceget a chance to do sth185. coral reefs以f,fe结尾的名词变复数一般改f,fe为v再加es.如：树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮。架后窜出一只狼，就像强盗逃命亡。leaf, half, oneself, wife, knife, shelf, wolf, thief, life.186. This piece of music sounds sweet.187. outdoor sportsindoor sports188. Youd better call the hotel by the number on the brochure.189. sb happen to do sth某人碰巧做了某事190. have an accident =an accident happen tohave a little accident “little”译为 “小的”He had an accident=An accident happened to him.191. What for? =Why?192. allow sb to do sth=let sb do sth193. an undersea world194. be amazed atbe surprised atsth amaze sbsb be amazed to do sth195. however(A)然而，可是He hasnt arrived. He may, however, come later.(B)无论如何，不论到什么程度 however =no matter howHe can answer the question however hard it is.=He can answer the question no matter how hard it is196. die of 死于疾病 die from 死于疾病以外的其它原因197.Since既然因为，语气次于because，表示比较明显的原因，可放主句前或后。Because因为，语气最强，后接句子。而because of 接短语或单词。For因为，语气弱As因为，语气弱198. Since we live near the river, we can often go swimming.I do it because I like it.=I do it because of liking it.We cant go for it is raining.The oil must be out for the light went out.The light went out because the oil was out.Since you also say so, I suppose it is true.As he didnt go to school by bike, he went back home on foot.199. sb cover sth with sthsth be covered with/by sth200. clean up清除，收拾干净201. 四大洋太平洋The Pacific Ocean大西洋The Atlantic Ocean北冰洋The Arctic Ocean印度洋The Indian Ocean202. The sea is important to our life.How important is study to us?203. not too long ago不久之前204. You cant go home, or anywhere elseYou can go home, or somewhere else.205. This is because.这是因为This is why.这是为什么He is late because it is raining hard.=He is late because of the heavy rain.He is late. It is because it is raining hard.=It is raining hard. It is why he is late.206. make it possible by doing sth207. be interested in doing sthbe interested in sth208. dive deep into the sea209. make videosmake a TV showtake pictures210. a TV show which ran for eight years 211. It is called.被称作He is called Mouse.=We call him Mouse.212. as long as 长达as wide/deep/thick/tall as宽/深/厚/高达He has a bed as wide as 2 meters.213. Author: James. some time一段时间She stays at home for some time.sometime某时Ill come back sometime next weekHe met me sometime last yearsome times几次I have been to Japan some times.sometimes有时He sometimes goes shopping with me.214. Thats a deal.说定=Its a deal.deal with =do with 处理，应付How will you deal with the broken bike?=How will you do with the broken bike?215. go down Whats the longest time youve been down?区分up和down向上up,向下down.两词均可表方面。进城up,下乡down.向高up,向低down.由远及近用up,由近及远要用down.自南向北用up,自北向南应用down.来内地用up,去沿海应用down.住宅区用up,商业区应用down.216. on earth =in the world217. be alike=be similar to.=the same as=look like218. attack sba attack on sb219. 七大洲亚洲Asia非洲Africa欧洲Europe南极洲Antarctica大洋洲Oceania南美洲South America北美洲North America220. warn sb of the danger 警告某人危险warn sb (not) to do sth警告某人(不)要做某事warn sb (that)warn sb about sth/doing sth221. 区分appear, seem, lookappear1出现，显得A car appeared over the hill.He didnt appearA smile appeared on her face2好像 appear to do=seem to doHe appeared to be talking to himself.It appears (to be) a true story.seem好像sth/sb seem +adjIt seems that.sth/sb seem to dosth/sb seem +n.He seems ill.=It seems that his is ill.=He seems to be ill.look好像look +adjHe looks young(1)look可进行，appear, seem则不能Youre looking very unhappy. Whats the matter?(2)appear, seem接从句时互换，look则不能It seems(appears) that the book is too hard for us.(3)seem, look接as if的表语从句互换，appear则不能It seems(looks) as if its going to rain.(4)appear, seem, look都可接不定式，look只接to be, appear, seem可接各种不定式(包括完成时不定式)You look to be the right person for the work.He seems(appears) to have made a mistake.He seems(appears) to be ill(5)appear, seem否定式not可放前，也可放后Lucy doesnt seem(appear) to like you.=Lucy seems(appears) not to like you.(6)有时appear, seem前面可用引导词thereThere appears (seems) to be something wrong.222. There be difference between sth and sth=sth have difference from sth=sth be different from sthThere is a difference between a pill and a hill.=A pill has a difference from a hill.=A pill is different from a hill.223. 否定 Author: James部分否定：not与both, every, all连用。全部否定：neither, none, no.Not all the students are here.=All the students arent all here.不是所有学生都在这You cant take both of the books.=You can take either of the books.你不能取两本书，也就是你只能拿一本。Neither of the boys is clever.=Neither