preparefortoffel.doc

关于场景和地点1,in the postoffice send sth to someplace send sth by someway package mailstamp envelop ailmailexpressmail regestered mail weigh(秤重) overweight first class second class2,in the restaurant waiter/waitress servesgroupsnapkin(餐巾) soup dish dessert(甜点)salad pie 3,in the hospitalclinic(门诊) infirmary(学校医务室) medical excuse(病假) emergency room operator room emergency number nusing staff(护理人员) ambulance(救护车)4，in the airport flight flght number next flight first class ticket passanger board/boarding delay take off(起飞) wing(机翼) baggage claim area(取行李处)5，in the museumexhibit/exhibition admission student card art gallary(艺术画廊)6，in the bankcas(现金)check(支票)cash a check(兑现)open a savings account bankbook(存折) interest(利息)travellerscheck(旅行支票)crdit card deposite money(存钱)draw money from (取钱)7，in the hardwire store machine oil nails(钉子) paint(油漆) can wire hammer tool 8, in the construction sitebulldozer(推土机) vacant lot(空地) 0trucks lumber(木材)9，in the photographersfilm(胶卷) a roll of film(一卷胶卷)develop film(冲胶卷)lens(镜头)10，in the hairdressersin the back on the top of ears trim the bangs(修剪刘海) cut 11,in the librarylibrarian(图书管理员) librarycard journal reference book check out book(借书)circulation desk(图书出纳处)12，in the theatre stage actor sreat balcony(楼上的座位) performance13, in the stationary store notebook notecard paper pen 14, in the stadiumgame player seats15, in the book store dictionary book price regular pricesgroupson sale manager16 in the CD store CD, bettles pop rock 关于动作，行为1，make a phonecallpick up the receiver drop the coins in the slot dial the number busy signal cut offtothe line is busy pedial/try again get throught(接通) hold on hang upoperator(接线员) answer the call call back(回话)2，playing /listening to musicalbum/record(唱片) record palyer(唱机) turn table(唱机转盘) stereo (立体声音响)cassette(盒式录音带) loud speaker (喇叭) jazz songs3, riding bicyclemiles tire is flat tire needs air pedal(蹬车)4, asking for direction I wish I could find I wonder how I can get It must be around here somewhere5, greetinghow have you been ? how are you how are you going how are you doing 6, mailing a packagebrown paper(牛皮纸)sting(细绳)tape(胶带) scissors(剪子) weigh 关于职业1，fix bicyclethe tire is flat the seat needs to be raised brake2, a politicianrun for (竞选) senate (参议院) vote(投票)3，a plumber pipe fauset(水龙头) drain(排水管) clog(堵) leak water all over4, a pharmacist(药剂师)medicine vitamin prescription 5, a carpenterchair cabinet shelf four feet high and three feet wideBut题型1，第一人说话要听懂，答案很大程度上依赖于第一个人的话2，第二个人的话以but开头3，答案特征明显，即第一个人的话否定掉就是答案(but是转折连词，与前面两句话的意思相反)but题型1，A人说话无明显的特征，不重要2，B人说话由2句组成：一个简单小短句，另一部分but开头的转折句3，答案内容只于第二个人的第二句话，既but之后有关，与第一人的话及第二人的前半句话无关，一旦发现某答案与第一句话有关，则可以立刻排除4，but中部分被弱读，but不易被考生听出来，不能根据技巧来答，应培养对but的敏感才不是类型1，第一人没有明显听觉的特征，不重要2，第二个人说话是重点：第二个人的话以一个小反问句开头，反问内容为第一个人的话的一部分，反问句直接接一个陈述句，表明自己的观点态度3，第一个人的话要听懂，第二个人的话以反问开头有两种意思：一，彻底的不同意，尤其是反问部分，二，认为第一个人的话程度不够4，才不是类型80%答案表示第一个人的说话的程度不够。Oh,so题型1，第一个人的话无明显的特征，对作题不是很重要2，第2个人的话比较重要，特征：以oh ,so (懊，这么说.)开头句中的助动词，系动词重读，表示一种惊讶和出乎意料之外3，提问角度主要是问第2个人本以为怎样4，答案非常明显，很少例外，将第2个人的话，尤其是重读部分否定掉就是答案5，有时开头不以oh,so开头，极少树句中不重读助动词，系动词Say类型1，1人说话无明显的特征，但必须听懂，答案有时靠2人说的话2，2人的话一，两句式，第一句say为中心的小短句，第2句陈述句不太重要二，义举式，以say为中心的小短句：I will say , I d say , you said it , you might say well say so , you can say that ,we will say that ,say that again3,表示第2个人同意第一个人的话，答案两种形式一，有明显的赞同的词语agree ,also think , also find二，换了一种形式来复述一遍，通常将第一句话中的某个重点词或是短语同意表达式反意疑问题型1，1人说话无明显的特征，无太大帮助2，2人说话重点，比较明显是一个反义疑问句，而且语调上有自己的特色，增强语感3，答案与1人说话无关系，不要被迷惑，正确答案应根据2人的反义疑问句提出both/so类型1，2人说话以so开头，表示.也这样所以答案中有一个明显上both开头的，表示和.都是这样2，将both/so题型扩大话中含有这样的词both,so,also,too,either,neither3，both/so题型三种可能一，答案中有agree一词，表示2人说话同意1人说话二，可能考生听到both ,so,also,too,either,neither中一个而正确答案中含有都表示也的这组词同义的另一个三，2人说话将1人说话用另一种形式复述一遍，表示同意特殊疑问句wh一类题型1，1人说话无明显的特征，对作题很重要，要听懂2，2人说话简单的只有一个词，即一个特殊疑问词(wh词)what,when,where,who,why,how,或者一个由这些词组成的疑问词组what time,what placehow much,how long3,分成两部分来看一，what类型关键在于what一词的语调(1)what读声调，表示我没有听清你说的是什么(2)what读降调，表示对第一个人话的某一具体内容发问答案与1人话有联系(3)what语气更强时，透露说话人的惊讶，愤怒语气，具体情况看1人话二，其他wh词(1)其他wh词不存在语调变化而改变意思的情况(2)一些wh词有些同义疑问词when= what timeswheres= what place why = how come, hows that , what for , how so (3) how how和一些疑问词组联系起来how much/how many多少，问数量how soon多快，问速度how long多长，问时间how often/how frenquently多经常，问频率how ,意思如何，怎样让某人做某事题型1，1人话无明显的特征，对作题无太大的帮助2，2人说话最明显的标志就是让某人做某事have sb to do , make sb to do ,let sb do ,get sb to do ,tell sb to do ask sb to do ,send sb to do3,问题方法不同，但都是：到底谁作了什么事情4，特殊结构have sth done答案中常有让别人去做什么事情建议题型可以分为10种(1)祈使句：you should try,next time try.意为你该.2人说话利用情态动词：should can等直接提出建议，直截了当，有时加上maybe probaby might等词暖和语气，减少建议句型的强加成分,you might do/need to submit /maybe you should try(2)why ,why not ,why donot you.,干嘛不做/试试.呢？Why not后一定要抓中心词是动词词组，why bother干吗费劲呢？(3)一般疑问句have you try.? Did you?这种方式提建议比较委婉，将其意成you should.(4)反问句：havenot you./hadnt you better./shouldnt you we.有点责怪的语气，难道你不会/没有.(5) how about.?what about.?(6) how does it sound.?(7)is there anything wrong with.?(8)虚拟语气，if I were you ,I should.(9)lets让我们去做吧(10)其他，这类建议没有明显的标志形式I still dont feel well /I dont know what I am going to do I think 虚拟题型1，不能从2人的话的句型中判断，只能从1人的话中判断，题目背景由1人的话中提供，不知道1人的话就很难能知道2人的话的意思，2，答案包含1人的话的内容，还有2人话中的明显的特征，其建议功能由1人的话中判断。事态多为过去时，可以为一般现在时，也可以为现在进行时多为情态动词3，1人的话内容分两部分A提出疑问或是陈述句B抱怨或诉苦口语小短句1，1人说话无明显的特征，最好听懂2，2人说话特征明显，两部分中间有停顿一句较短容易听懂，二句语速很快，有明显的感情色彩(1)肯定：sure /no problem /of course /certainly /ok /no kidding(2)否定：are you kidding?/joking? You must be joking. Are you serious? Not at all no exactly (3)表示不确定：Im not sure I doubt it (4)对1人话加以评论：thats too bad great luckly you I donnot wonder 2.1AIntern 实习生，Internship实习机会, xylem（植）木质部, phloem（植）韧皮部2.1 BBattery jumper（电池）接电线, carpool合伙用车, escort护送, lost and found失物招领, rituals仪式/程序, permeate充满/弥漫, raids袭击, vision视觉, life insurance寿险, health insurance健康险, property liability insurance财产责任险, premium保费, dune沙丘, gravel砾石, fine细微/细小, windward向风的, slope坡, endorphin内啡肽（一种荷尔蒙）, painkiller止疼药, chronic长期的，慢性的, placebo effect安慰剂效果, neuro-chemical神经化学的2.1 CCrack裂开/裂口, pop敲击, inflammation炎症/狂热, sheathing覆盖物/防护物, tendons腱, tendonitis腱炎, carpal tunnel syndrome腕管综合症, pinch捏/夹痛, numb麻木, tingling 感觉刺痛/脸红2.2 A 无2.2 BMoose麋, beaver河狸, elk驼鹿, snares张网/设陷阱, clan部落/宗族, animator动画片制作者, calling做事的冲动/热情, brainstorming集思广益2.2 CSea breeze海风, land breeze陆风, ascent上升, descent下降, horn号, versatility多用途/多功能, ritual仪式, bugle猎号, tsunamis海啸, epicenter震中, eruption爆发, pounce猛冲/猛击, backwash退潮冲刷, wreck失事/沉船2.2 Dpartible inheritance可分割财产, primogeniture长子继承权, cash reserve现金储备, inventory存货/盘存, retail零售, canyon trail峡谷小道, cramp抽筋, ranger护林员/巡逻队员, saltine cracker咸饼干, strenuous紧张艰苦的, lactic acid乳酸, fermentation发酵, aerobic需氧的2.2 EPigment色素/色质, tempera蛋彩画法/广告原料, dissolve溶解, suspended悬浮, synthetic合成的, indigo（化）靛蓝色, ochre赫石/赫色, umber棕土色/红棕色, tinting着色/染色, Tyrian推罗人,Shield volcano盾型火山, vent火山口, cinder火山渣, cone火山锥, magma岩浆, viscosity黏稠, caldera破火山口, depression低洼地/底气压, smoldering 无火苗的/阴燃的, geyser间歇泉, hot spring喷泉Quiz 1Eyestrain眼疲劳, skin rashes皮疹, Renaissance文艺复兴, perspective远景/透视画法, vanishing point尽头/灭点, mandatory强制的/命令的1)You are my lifesaver.(你是我的“救命恩人”。)2)You are 100% right.(你“百分之百”的正确。)3)My back killed me.(我的腰痛的厉害。)4)You make me feel guilty. (你让我感觉像是在犯罪。)5)I havent seen you for ages. (好久不见了呀！)6)I could sleep for a whole year. (我太困了。)7)Were all tired to death. (我们快累死了。)当然，除了TOEFL听力，Hyperbole(夸张)的修辞手法在英语语言文学中的经典范例不胜枚举：1)One father is more than a hundred schoolmasters. (George Herbert) (一个父亲的作用大于100个教师。) 2)Its a crime to stay inside on such a beautiful day. (今天阳光明媚，躲在家中实在太遗憾了。)3)A drop of ink may make a million think.(George G Byron)(一滴墨水写成的文字可让千万人思索。) Simile(明喻) 试比较以下两种TOEFL听力表达方式：1)He spent a lot of money.(他花了大笔的钱。)2)He spent a lot of money, like water.(他花钱如流水。)很明显，第二种表达方式比第一种更加生动和形象。因为like water(如流水)使用了Simile(明喻)的修辞手法，这样以来，无疑使语言更加精彩和完美，听力考试也不再单纯是一门考试，而变成了一种享受。Simile(明喻)一词源于拉丁语similes,其意为like(象)。他借助人们的想象力，使用一定的比喻词如：like, as等加以连接，从而清楚的表明两种事物之间的相似之处，使得表达更加新鲜有趣。其典型形式是A is like B. Simile(明喻)的修辞手法在TOEFL听力中的运用可谓炉火纯青。比如：(划线部分为明喻之处) 1.Like引导1) He sweats like a pig.(他像猪一样流汗。)2) They slept like babies.(他们像婴儿一样熟睡着。)3) Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.(John Ruskin)(生活没有目标犹如航行没有指南针。)4) Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day.(E.B. White)(被打破的记录犹如刮风天成熟的苹果纷纷坠落。)2.As引导1)She is as beautiful as a flower.(她像花一样的美丽。)2)“I am as light as a feather, I am as happy as am angel, I am as merry as a school boy. I am as giddy as a drunken man.”(Charles Dickens)(我像羽毛一样轻，我像天使一样幸福，我像小学生一样快活，我像喝醉了酒的人一样飘飘然)3)The first time I read an excellent book, it is to me as if I had gained a new friend. (我头一回读到一本好书，对我来说好象交了一位新朋友。)注意：As引导的as.as结构在英语中得到了广泛应用，若能在口语交流或各种作文考试(如：TWE等)中用上一个，定会得到意想不到的效果，常用的as结构有：(as) firm as a rock坚如磐石(as) light as a feather轻如鸿毛(as) close as an oyster守口如瓶(as) mute as a fish噤若寒蝉(as) strong as a horse强壮如牛(as) cool as a cucumber泰然自若(as) sober as a judge十分清醒(as) sure as a gun千真万确 1.flying colors-success, victory2.little by little-gradually3.call e into-receive, especially after anothers death5.put off-postpone6.stop by-make a brief visit on ones way elsewhere7.tie up-hinder8.be out for-trying to get9.fill in for-take anothers place10.turn down- (1) refuse or reject (2) reduce the loudness of11.go off-begin to ring12.cut down-lessen; reduce; e up with-produce; supply14.make it- (1) achieve a specific goal (2) succeed in general15.catch ones eye-attract ones attention16.care for- (1) like; value (2) look after; take care of17.head and shoulders above-much better18.catch on-become popular19.on the whole-in general20.fill sb in-tell what sb should know21.in a nutshell-in a few words22.from top to bottom-completely; entirely23.take the plunge-enter with sudden decision upon an unfamiliar course of action24.on the tip of ones tongue-unable to be recalled25.cheer up-feel happy; stop being sad or discouraged; become hopeful26.hold off-postpone; delay27.on cloud nine-a state of perfect happiness28.back out-withdraw from an undertaking29.grin and bear it-be as cheerful as possible in pain or trouble; do something without complaining30.turn out to be-come to be; prove31.bite off more than one can chew-attempt something that exceeds ones ability32.in the air-uncertain33.get hold off-find a person so you can speak with him34.learn the ropes-acquire thorough or special knowledge of a job35.tear oneself away from-depart with great reluctance; force oneself to leave36.tie up-engage or occupy completely 37.touch on-mention a subject briefly or casually39.see to it-take care;take the responsibility;make sure40.get along with-live or work in harmony with41.give away-give as present42.account for-explain43.out of print-no longer available for purchase from the publisher44.send out-distribute45.in no time-in a very brief time;almost at once46.before long-soon;without much delay47.play by ear-(1)play an instrument without using written music (2)handle a matter without adequate preparation or guidance48.wear and tear-loss or damage caused by e what may-no matter what happens50.drop by-make a short or unplanned visit51.be short of-not having enough52.cut it out-stop doing sth53.be sick of-be tired of;having a strong dislike of54.look for a needle in a haystack(a bottle)-search for something in a place where it is hopelessly lost.55.knock oneself out-work very hard;make a great effort56.run up against-encounter57.far from-anything but;not at all58.far from it-by no means;not at all59.hang on to-hold tightly;keep firmly60.get nowhere-be unsuccessful;obtain no result 61.day in and day out-every day;all the time62.break down-cease to function63.get going-get started;begin to move64.take ones time-not hurry65.boil down to-indicate,especially as a final judgement or analysis66.make up-take a test for the second time67.put up with-bear with patience;tolerate68.by and by-before long69.give someone a hand-help;assist70.ring a bell-sound familiar71.snap out of it-(1)change ones habits,attitude,etc,suddenly(2)regain ones composure,energy,or good spirits;recover72.raise the roof-make trouble;start a fight or an argument73.get away with-escape without punishment74.on business-with definite work to do75.look up-search for;as an item of information,in a referance book76.let up-(1)cease;stop (2)slacken;abate77.in any case(or event)-no matter what e out-be published79.look into-investigate;inspect80.fall back on-rely on81.spell out-explain very clearly or in detail82.wrap up-bring to end,especially a successful conclusion 48 hours two days50% off discounta couple of times twicea little after ten just past ten oclocka waste of money not worth the moneya week from today next weeka week from tomorrow in eight daysage eraagreement contractahead of time in advanceany day now soonanything but poor rich / has a lot of moneyapply for a loan borrow moneyapproach sb talk to sbaround nearbyask for a refund get money backastonished surprisedBbackpack knapsackbe crowded be well-attendedbe done completebe free not busybe in one ear and out the other doesnt listenbe onto something promisingbe overwhelmed with be busy withbeach seashorebest score perfect gradebeyond sb. not understandbig sale discountbook reserveboring uninterestingborrow lendbreathe air pollutionbrighten ones spirits make one feel betterbroke no moneybudget money / pricebump into meet / seebuy purchasedby and by in a short whileby leaps and bounds quicklyCcake / apple pie dessertcan hardly wait to do look forward to doing / cant wait to do / be anxious to docant fit it in too busycant get away with that will get into troublecant put the book down the book is interestingcant recognize looks differentcant stick around have to gocant turn down an offer be eager to gocarry out the plan implement the plancasual informallychange moneychange of pace diversioncharge pay / finecheck askcheck it out find outcheerful happychop down cut downcirculation desk libraryclean out / a big appetite eat all the foodclear off reorganizeclever smartcome a long way improvecome in handy useful / benefitcome out publishcome up with findcontest competitioncouldnt make out didnt understandcount sb in sb. wants to go, toocover school expenses pay school feescurrent recentDdelay latedeserted emptydetest strongly dislikedid some shopping bought sthdisagreeable unpleasantdiscard get rid ofdiscount / good deal good pricedo better improvedoesnt figure out doesnt knowdont chew it swallowdrop in on sb. pay sb a visitdouble twicedown jacket warm jacketdrop by visitdrop sb a line write to sbdrowsy sleepydry wetduplicate reproducedust the apartment clean the apartmentEenrage angryerror mistakeexact change right coinsexercise strenuously vigorous exerciseexhausted restexpensive costlyFfall back on a dictionary look up some wordsfamous well-knownfascinating very interestingfeeble weakfeedback opinionferry boatfield trip class activityfill her shoes take her placefill in for replacefill out the form complete a formfinancial aid moneyfine chargefinish completefinish first winfix repairfloor department storefly by passforget rememberfour oclock that afternoonfreeze coldfurnace heating systemGgas stove cook foodget a loan borrow moneyget a move on begin to moveget in that line stand in that lineget indigestion stomach hurtsget into shape need exerciseget moving hurryget nervous worryget off the ground advance / go forward / have a good talkget ones signature take a classget out of （doing） sth. be excused/exempted from （doing） sth.get out of doing ones work avoid workget sb. mixed up confusedget so backed up put off workget sth. right revisionget there on foot walk there?et time off from work be able to take a vacationgift presentgive an extension have extra timegive sb an ultimatum warn sbgive sb. a ride drive/take sb. togo jogging rungo to jazz club entertainmentgo to the movie go to a filmgo up increase / too expensivegrade exams mark testsgrammar book language bookHhalf an hour 30 minuteshand help / assistancehand and shoulders above much better thanhand o