九年级英语寒假专题-被动语态外研社初中起点知识精讲.doc

九年级英语寒假专题被动语态外研社（初中起点）【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：寒假专题被动语态学习过程一、被动语态的结构：主语+助动词be的各种形式+动词的过去分词如：The museum was built ten years ago.All the questions were asked by her.My shoes were worn out.The glass will be broken.二、被动语态的时态被动语态具有各种时态变化，其变化体现在被动语态的助动词be上。和其他动词一样，被动语态的时态也有以下几种时态。1. 一般现在时的被动语态：助动词is(am ,are ) + 过去分词I am told that he had gone to the south.The car isnt made in Japan.2. 现在进行时的被动语态：be(am, is, are) +being+过去分词The classroom is being cleaned by the students.The trees are being planted in the field now.3. 现在完成时态的被动语态：have/has+ been+过去分词A lot of trees have been planted this year.His name has never been heard of .4. 一般过去时的被动语态：was(were)+过去分词The shoes were hidden under your bed.The school was built three years ago.5. 过去进行时的被动语态：was/were +being+过去分词The dirty clothes were being washed at this time last night.The lost boy was being looked for all night yesterday.6. 过去完成时的被动语态：had+ been+过去分词The classroom had been cleaned when we came back.All their bread had been sold out before we got there.7一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall/be(am, is, are)going to +be+过去分词The same thing will be done again until he is back.A birthday party is going to be held tomorrow morning.8. 过去将来时的被动语态：would/should/be(was, were)going to +be+过去分词She said a new school would be set up here.John told me the meeting was going to be hold the next week.三、被动语态的特殊结构形式如下。一是情态动词的被动结构为情态动词+be+过去分词。如：Your homework must be finished today.二是句型SVO结构的被动语态通常把指人的间接宾语用作主语，而另一宾语，即指物的直接宾语跟在谓语的后面。如：His mother gave him a present for his birthday.变成被动结构是He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.试一试：Henry passed me the ball .三是句型结构“动词+ 宾语+宾语补足语”变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。如：Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.变为被动结构是The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.试一试：We see him running along the road in the morning.四是在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to如：Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.变为被动结构是A stranger was seen to walk into the building.试一试：Li Feng make the baby stop crying.五是由“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”构成的短语动词，但要把它们看作一个整体，其功能相当于及物动词，也可以用于被动结构，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。如：The meeting is to be put off till Friday.试一试：They will set up a new school next year.六是对于非谓语动词的被动语态，要掌握动名词及现在分词，通称动词-ing形式及不定式to do的被动语态（一般时态和完成时态）。如：I dont like being laughed at in the public.七是It is said that + 从句及其他类似句型结构。一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。如：It is said that 据说，It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知， It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。如：It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.=The boy is said to have passed the national exam.试一试：People say there is enough water on the earth八是在need，require，want, worth（形容词），deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式，但表被动意义。如：This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。Your shoes are broken .They need repairing.The dirty walls want painting.The young trees need taking good care of.The floor of our classroom needs cleaning.The floor of our classroom needs to be cleaned .The young trees need to be taken good care of.The dirty walls want to be painted.九是通常与well, easily等副词连用的不及物动词sell, wash, write, read, clean, cook, break, catch, drive, lock, open等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。如：a)的句子表示“书的销路好”和“鞋子耐穿”，都是因为主语有内在的优点。至于b)的句子，它们只把事实反映出来，没有别的含义。注意：主动语态表被动强调是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock.（指门本身有毛病。）The door wont be locked.（指不会有人来锁门，指“门没有锁”是人为的原因。）十是表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和动词短语，如：happen，last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。如：How do the newspapers come out?这些报纸是如何出版的呢？十一是连系动词通常被视作不及物动词，没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的联系动词feel, sound, taste, look等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Honey tastes sweet.Glass feels smooth.Perfume smells good.四、被动语态的句式转换1. 一般现在时与一般过去时的被动语态是在助动词be后面加not构成否定句，将be动词提到主语前面构成问句。如：My clothes are always kept clean.My clothes arent always kept clean.Are your clothes always kept clean?试一试：This bike was made in Shanghai.2. 除一般现在时与一般过去时以外的其他时态的被动语态是在各时态本身助动词后加not构成否定句，将其本身的助动词提到主语前面构成疑问句。如：A new kind of bike will be made in this factory.A new kind of bike will not be made in this factory.Will a new kind of bike be made in this factory?试一试：The room has been cleaned already.3. 含有情态动词的被动语态，在情态动词后加not变成否定句，将情态动词提到主语前变成疑问句。如：The work must be finished on time.The work neednt be finished on time.Must the work be finished on time?试一试：The notebook can be found under the bed.【模拟试题】（答题时间：25分钟）一、把下列句子变成被动语态1. The teacher will tell us a story tomorrow.2. The workers are building a new school for the small village.3.That nurse looks after the children quite well.4. He filled the bottle with water.5. Nobody has ever spoken to me like that.6. You cant see stars in the daytime.7. He put his ticket into his pocket.8. The doctor asked him to take the medicine three times a day.9. I often see him fly a kite in the park.10. I often see him flying a kite in the park.11. He always makes me laugh.12. Ill give him the message when he is back.13. He was washing dishes at that time.14. Have you returned the books to the library?15. Were going to give a talk on the history two days after that.二、把下列句子变成主动语态1. The machine will be repaired sometime next week by the mechanic.2. The problem can be worked out at once by my mother.3. Thousands of such building were being built at that time by us.4. They have been sent to work in Hainan by the boss.5. We were invited to her birthday party by Sue yesterday.6. Two small coins are found on the floor by Tommy.7. He was being told to drive slowly by the policeman.8. I was let to see your driving licence by him.9. We are introduced to Carlos by her.10. He was given a dog by someone.【试题答案】一、把下列句子变成被动语态1. We will be told a story by the teacher tomorrow./ A story will be told to us by the teacher tomorrow2. A new school for the small village are being built by the workers.3. The children are looked after by that nurse quite well.4. The bottle was filled with water.5. I have ever spoken like that by nobody.6. Stars cant be seen in the daytime.7. His ticket was put by him into his pocket.8. He was asked to take the medicine three times a day by the doctor.9. He is often seen to fly a kite in the park.10. He is seen by me flying a kite in the park.11. I am always made by him to laugh.12. He will be given th