基于单片机和GSM模块的防火防盗毕业设计外文文献翻译.docx

Automatic fire alarm systemThe traditional electron safe alarm system mainly is through the sensor automatic detection, produces the alarm, sends out the alarm the scene or reports to the police through the special electric near distance, thus causes peoples vigilance. Through many years research and the development, the present alarm apparatus may say is the class is multitudinous. As a result of the alarm apparatchik development and the social each domain anxious need, can application domain be more and more many, specially is overdevelops in the civil domain. In recent years, the infrared alarm apparatus already became reports to the police a domain hot spot,because it used was not the obviously infrared acquisition, Hereford the hiding to be good, characteristic and so on security. Infrared sensor is different according to the mechanism may divide into the light survey and the hot survey. The light acquisition sensor is uses the photon effect the acquisition aid. This kind of sensor speed of response quick, sensitive high, the examination characteristic is good, but needs cool, uses not conveniently. Moreover the component examination sensitivity and the infrared wave length concern. The hot acquisition is uses hotly releases the electricity effect the acquisition aid. After receives the goal the infrared misinterpretation increment, the temperature elevates causes the censorial certain physical quantities changes, through examination physical quantity change definite infrared emission. This kind of sensor works under the room temperature condition, examination sensitivity also very high, speed of response also very quick,moreover has nothing to do with with the infrared emission wavelength, may survey the power only to receive the background irradiation limit, the application is very convenient. This article designs atheist passive form hotly releases the electricity infrared acquisition aid. In the article mainly elaborated has hotly released electrician the principle, hotly releases content and so on Malayalam circuit which the electric detector the characteristic,the BISSAU signal processor, 555 timers composed. Finally designed completes has hotly released the electricity infrared detection alarm apparatus the hardware electric circuit. With the modern family use of fire, electricity consumption increases, the frequency of home fires is getting higher and higher. The family of fire, it is easy to fight does not occur promptly, the lack of fire-fighting equipment and the presence of panic-stricken people, to escape unfavorable factors, such as retardation, which eventually led to a significant loss of life and property. Explore the characteristics of the family of fire and fire prevention measures. For the prevention of domestic fires, reducing the fire losses have practical significance. In the modern urban family, because of lot of people do not understand common sense home security caused by fire, so that the happy family Geog underlined blink of an eye, and some lead to destruction, but the event of household fires, improper disposal, alarm delay is caused so that people should get to know more about the main causes of household fires, master to prevent the fire of knowledge and in case of fire to protect his or her own way, timely elimination of The United Kingdom each year more than 50000 families of serious fires, most of them fire casualties and significant loss of household assets, and some result in the neighbors, more heavy fire losses. Investigate the causes of fire in time, the vast majority of home fires happen parties said that the fire always feel that things are other people with their own far away, did not think this will happen even in the top of his head. Home fires are the main reason for negligent not to take timely preventive measures .In some of our large and medium-sized cities, almost every day family fires, fire prevention is so each family must always pay attention to. If your home based on the actual situation in advance to take simple fire prevention measures, a number of tragedies are entirely avoidable. Automaticfirealarmsystemisinordertoinformtheearlydetectionoffire,andtakeeffectivemeasurestocontrolandfightfires,andsetinabuildingorotherplaceofanautomaticfirefacilities,isthatpeoplewithapowerfultooltofightthefire.Firealarmsystem,firedetectorsgenerally,regionalcentralizedalarmalarmandcomposition;alsoberequiredundertheprojectwithvariousfire-fightingfacilitiesandcommunicationdeviceslinkedtoformacentralcontrolsystem.Fromautomaticalarm,automaticfirefighting,evacuationguidance,systemprocessshowsthat,fireupacompletefilemanagement,firecontrolsystem.Firedetectorsarefiredetectiondevices,asinthestageoffirewillproducesmokewithhightemperatureflamecells.Thesmoke,heatandlightintoelectricalsignalsthroughthedetectoralarmorautomaticfireextinguishingsystemtostartfightingthefireintime.Areawherethefloorofalarmdetectorcansendthesignalintosoundandlightalarm,andfireonthescreenshowingtheroomnumber;whilealsomonitoringtheconcentrationofcertainfloorsofalarm(ifthemonitorislocatedinthebuildingfireControlCenter)outputsignalorcontrolautomaticfireextinguishingsystem.Concentrationofalarmsignalisreceivedbywayofsoundandlightshow,andthescreenalsoshowsthespecificfirefloorandroomnumber,theplanestoppedtakingthefirstalarmclocktorecordthetiming,useofthemachine-specificphones,butalsoquicklytothefirealarmtogivedirectionsand.Inaddition,youcancontrolthefireextinguishingsystemorsignaltransmissiontothefirecontrolroom. Automaticfirealarmsystemisbythetriggerdevices,firealarm,firealarmdevicesandotherauxiliaryfunctionsofthedevicewiththecompositionofabuttonfirealarmsystemfirealarmsystem.Itcanfireearlystagesofburningsmoke,heatandlightradiationandotherphysicalquantities,bytemperature.Photographicandothersmokeandfiredetectorsintoelectricalsignals,transmittedtothefirealarmcontroller,andalsoshowsthesiteofthefire,thefirerecordofthetime.Generalfirealarmsystemandautomaticsprinklersystem,firehydrantsystems,smokecontrolsystems,ventilationsystems,airconditioningsystem,firedoors,fireshutter,smokescreenandotherrelatedequipmentinteraction,automaticallyormanuallyissuecommandstostartthecorrespondingdevice. (A)ofthetriggerdevicesinautomaticfirealarmsystem,automaticormanualfirealarmsignaldevicesgeneratecalledtriggerconditions,includingfiredetectorsandmanualfirealarmbutton.Firedetectorisabletofireparameters(smoke,temperature,flameradiation,gasconcentration,etc.)response,andautomaticallygenerateafirealarmsignaldevices.Fireresponseparametersaccordingtodifferentfiredetectorsintoheatdetectors,smokedetector,sensitivefiredetectors,combustiblegasdetectorsandfiredetectorsfivebasictypesofcomposite.Differenttypesoffiredetectorsfordifferenttypesoffiresanddifferentplaces.Manualfirealarmbuttonfirealarmsignalgeneratedmanuallystarttheautomaticfirealarmsystemdevices,automaticfirealarmsystemisanindispensablecomponentofthe. (B)thefirealarmdeviceinautomaticfirealarmsystemtoreceive,displayandtransmitfirealarmsignals,andcansendcontrolsignalsandcontrolfunctionswithotherauxiliaryequipmentasthefirealarmdeviceinstructions.Firealarmcontrolisoneofthemostbasickind.Chargedwiththefirealarmcontrolfiredetectorsprovideastableworkingpower;detectorandtheworkingstatusofthesystemitself;thereception,conversion,processingawarningoffiredetectorsShuck;Jinxingsoundandlightalarm;Hashishspecificlocationandalarmtime;thesametimesupportingtheimplementationofappropriatecontrolandmanyothertasks.Firealarmsystemisacorecomponent.Inthefirealarmdevices,somedevicessuchasbreak,regionalmonitors,fireshowsandotherfunctionscannotcompletediscalarmdevice,whichcanberegardedastheevolutionoffirealarmcontrollerorsupplement.Undercertainconditionsapplied,andthefirealarmdevicefirealarmcontrolbelong.Thebasicfunctionoffirealarmcontrolare:themainpower,backuppowerautomaticallyconverted,standbypowerchargefunction,powerfailuremonitoringfunction,powerfunctionsworkingstatusindicator,powersupplyforthedetectorcircuitfunction,controlsensorsorsystemfailures,soundandlightalarm,firesound,lightalarm,firealarmandmemoryfunction,clockfunctionunit,withprioritybeinggivenfaultfunctionfirealarm,soundalarmsoundaudiblealarmmuteandagain. (C)firealarmsinautomaticfirealarmsystemtosenddifferentfromtheenvironment,sound,lightthefirealarmsignaldevicecalledthefirealarms.Itsound,lightandsoundapproachtotheissueoffirealarmsignalsalarmareatowarnpeopletoadoptsafeevacuation,firefightingandrescuemeasures. （D)Firecontrolequipmentinautomaticfirealarmsystem,whenreceivingthefirealarm,automaticallyormanuallystarttherelatedfire-fightingequipmentanddisplaydevicesoftheirstate,knownasthefirecontrolequipment.Includefirealarmcontrol,automaticfireextinguishingsystemcontroldevice,firehydrantsystemcontroldevices,smokeexhaustsystemandairconditioningandventilationsystemcontroldevice,normallyopenfiredoors,fireshuttercontroldevice,theliftbackdowncontrolequipment,andfireemergencyradio,firealarms,firecommunicationsequipment,fireevacuationsignsandemergencylightingcontroldevices,controldevicesinsomeorall.Firecontrolequipmentnormallyinstalledinthefirecontrolcentertofacilitatetheimplementationofcentralizedcontrol.Whileotherssetfirecontrolequipment,firefightingequipmentislocated inthechargedfield,butitsactionsmustbereturnedfirecontrolsignal,combinedwiththeimplementationofcentralizationanddecentralizationofcontrol (E)firealarmsystempowersupplyelectricalequipmentbelongingtothefire,themainpowershouldbeinthefirepower,standbypoweruseofbattery.Inadditiontofirealarmsystempowercontroller,powersupply,butalsorelatedtothesystemforthefirecontrolequipmentsuchaspowersupply.火灾自动报警系统传统电子安全报警系统主要是通过传感器自动检测，产生报警信号，从现场发出报警信号或通过专门电缆近距离报警，从而引起人们的警觉。通过多年的研究和发展，现在的报警器可以说是门类众多。由于报警器的飞速发展和社会各个领域的急切需要，能应用的领域越来越多，特别是在民用领域更是急速发展。近年来，红外线报警器已经成为报警领域的一个热点，由于其采用的是不可见的红外线探测，所以具有隐蔽性好、安全等特点。红外线传感器按机理不同可以分为光探测型和热探测型。光探测传感器是利用光子效应的红外探测器。这类传感器响应速度快、灵敏度高、检测特性好，但需要冷却，使用不方便。而且器件的检测灵敏度与红外波长有关。热探测传感器是利用热释电效应的红外探测器。在接收到目标的红外辐射后温度升高，温度的升高又引起传感器内部某些物理量的变化，通过检测物理量的变化来确定红外线辐射。这类传感器在室温条件下工作，检测灵敏度也很高，响应速度也很快，而且与红外线辐射波长无关，可探测功率只受背景辐射的限制，应用很方便。本文设计的是被动式热释电红外探测器。文中主要论述了热释电的原理、热释电探测器的特性、BISS0001传感信号处理器、555定时器组成的多谐振荡报警电路等内容。最后设计完成了热释电红外探测报警器的硬件电路。随着现代家庭用火、用电量的增加，家庭火灾发生的频率越来越高。家庭火灾一旦发生，很容易出现扑救不及时、灭火器材缺乏及在场人惊慌失措、逃生迟缓等不利因素，最终导致重大生命财产损失。探讨家庭火灾的特点及防火对策，对于预防家庭火灾，减少火灾损失具有现实意义。在现代城市家庭里，许多人因不懂家庭安全常识引起火灾事故，使好端端的幸福家庭转眼间毁于一旦,有的导致家破人亡,而且一旦发生居民家庭火灾，处置不当、报警迟缓,是造成人员受害的原因。人们应该积极了解家庭火灾的主要起因，掌握防止发生火灾的知识和万一发生火灾时保护自己的方法,及时消除隐患。英国每年发生50000起以上的严重家庭火灾，其中大部分火灾造成人员伤亡和重大的家庭财产损失，有的还连累左邻右舍，火灾损失更加惨重。在调查火灾起因的时候，绝大多数发生火灾家庭的当事人说，以前总觉得火灾是人家的事情，与自己离得很远，没有想到这一次竟然会发生在自己的头上。家庭火灾的主要原因是麻痹大意，没有及时采取预防措施。在我国的一些大中城市，几乎每天都发生家庭火灾，所以防火是每个家庭必须时刻注意的问题。假如能根据您家的实际情况预先采取简单的防火措施，一些悲剧是完全可以避免的。火灾自动报警系统是人们为了早期发现通报火灾，并及时采取有效措施，控制和扑灭火灾，而设置在建筑物中或其它场所的一种自动消防设施，是人们同火灾作斗争的有力工具。火灾报警系统，一般由火灾探测器、区域报警器和集中报警器组成；也可以根据工程的要求同各种灭火设施和通讯装置联动，以形成中心控制系统。即由自动报警、自动灭火、安全疏散诱导、系统过程显示、消防档案管理等组成一个完整的消防控制系统。火灾探测器是探测火灾的仪器，由于在火灾发生的阶段，将伴随产生烟雾、高温格火光。这些烟、热和光可以通过探测器转变为电信号报警或使自动灭火系统启动，及时扑灭火灾。区域报警器能将所在楼层之探测器发出的信号转换为声光报警，并在屏幕上显示出火灾的房间号；同时还能监视若干楼层的集中报警器（如果监视整个大楼的则设于消防控制中心）输出信号或控制自动灭火系统。集中报警是将接收到的信号以声光方式显示出来，其屏幕上也具体显示出着火的楼层和房间号，机上停走的时钟记录下首次报警时间性，利用本机专用电话，还可迅速发出指示和向消防队报警。此外，也可以控制有关的灭火系统或将火灾信号传输给消防控制室。 火灾自动报警系统是由触发器件、火灾报警装置、火灾警报装置以及具有其它辅助功能的装置组成火灾报警系统按钮的火灾报警系统。它能够在火灾初期，将燃烧产生的烟雾、热量和光辐射等物理量，通过感温。感烟和感光等火灾探测器变成电信号，传输到火灾报警控制器，并同时显示出