UOP规范5-14-8往复式压缩机

.1. general概述1.1 scope范围a.thisstandard specificationcovers the designof american petroleum institute (api) standard 618, reciprocating compressors in hydrogen and hydrocarbon services.本标准规范涉及美国石油学会（api）标准 618，氢气和碳氢化合物系列往复式压缩机设计b. exceptions or variations shown in the uop project specifications take precedence over requirements shown herein.“uop公司工程规范”中给出的例外情况或变更优先于本标准中的要求。1.2 references参考文献unless noted below, use the edition and addenda of each referenced document current on the date of this standard specification. when a referenced document incorporates another document, use the edition of that document required by the referenced document.如果以下没有另外说明，使用本“标准规范”发行日期内有效的各参考文件版本和附录。 如果参考文件引用另一文件， 则使用参考文件要求的引用文件版本。a.american petroleum institute (api) standard 618,“reciprocating compressors for petroleum, chemical, and gas industry services”b.american society of mechanical engineers (asme) b16.5,“ pipeflanges and flanged fittings, nps? through nps 24 ”c. asmeb16.47,“ large diametersteelflanges,nps26 through nps60” d.asme b46.1,“surface texture (surface roughness, waviness, andlay) ”e.european forum forreciprocatingcompressors (efrc),“guidelines for vibrations in reciprocating compressor systems”, f.national, state, and local governmental regulations and laws. a.api618 标准 石油化工和天然气工业用往复式压缩机;.b. 美国机械工程师学会 (asme)b16.5 ，“管法兰和法兰管件， nps1/2至 nps24公制/ 英制标准”。c. asme b16.47 大直径管钢制法兰 (nps 26nps 60)d. asme b46.1, 表面特征 ( 表面粗糙度、波纹度和花纹方向).e. 欧洲的往复式压缩机论坛(efrc)，“往复式压缩机系统振动指南”，www. f. 国家、州和地方政府法律和规定。2. design 设计ththis standard is intended to be used as an addendum to api standard 618. numbering in this document coincides with actual paragraph numbers from api standard 618 5 th edition.本标准用作 api 标准 618 的补充。本章节中所采用的编号与api618 5版的实际段落编号相同。reciprocating compressors shall comply with the requirements of api standard 618, except where modified by either the uop project specification(s) or uop standard specification(s).压缩机应遵守 api618 的要求，“ uop公司工程规范”或“ uop标准规范”中加以修改的部分除外。5. requirements要求paragraph 5.2, addition/clarification增加/ 澄清vendors offeringshallbe a sizeand designwhich has a successful record of proven field service at operating conditions similar to thosespecified(prototypesare notacceptable).an installationlistshallbe submitted upon request.供货商报价中的规格和设计应具有在规定操作条件下现场成功应用的验证记录（不接受样机）。如果有要求，应提交业绩表。6. basic design基础设计.6.1 general概要paragraph 6.1.24, clarification澄清the compressor shallbe capable of continuousoperationat allpartialload steps. (0% load step is for short term startup only).压缩机应能在部分加载过程中连续操作（0% 加载仅供短期启动） compressor vendor shall provide plc, and plc shall include controllogictoensure unloadingofboth partiallyand fullyunloaded cylindersfollows best practices established below:压缩机供应商应提供plc，plc应该包括控制逻辑单元来确保气缸部分或完全卸载时采用如下最佳方案表情况最佳方案部分卸载周期性，短暂的载入气缸头空载来阻止润滑油积聚对机器造成的损害完全卸载仅对多级气缸并联操作状况下，加载卸载定期切换来阻止热量或润滑油积聚对机器的损害manufacturer to state frequency and duration of required loading to achieve above objectives in proposal.未达到以上目标，制造商需提出加载频率和持续时间6.6 rod and gas loads活塞杆负荷和气体负荷.paragraph 6.6.1, addition/clarification增加/ 澄清frame selection shall be based on the more conservative of the following criteria:框架选择应基于以下标准中较为保守的部分：-combined rod loading shall not exceed 80% of the manufacturers maximum allowable continuous combined rod loading (maccrl) when calculated at specified line pressures of each stage.当计算在每个阶段的管线压力时，活塞杆负荷不超过制造商最大允许负荷(maccrl的)80%。-combined rod loading shall not exceed 95% of the manufacturers maximum allowable continuous combined rod loading (maccrl) when calculated as defined in paragraph 6.6.1.当按第 6.6.1条计算时，活塞杆负荷不应超过制造商最大允许活塞杆负荷(maccrl的)95%。6.8 compressor cylinders压缩机气缸paragraph 6.8.1, addition增加the maximum cylinder diameter is 36 inches (914 mm). exceptions require written approval from uop.1最大气缸直径为 36 英尺 (914 mm)。免责条款需要uop批准。paragraph , addition/clarification增加 澄清when non-metallic wear bands and piston rings are used, the insidesurface of liners shall be honed per paragraph .当使用非金属支撑环和活塞环时，应按章进行内表面打磨。paragraph , addition/clarification增加 澄清flange classes specified are in accordance with asme b16.5 or asme b16.47.法兰等级按照 asme b16.5或 asme b16.47的规定。flange classeslistedinthe uopprojectspecificationare based upon design pressure and temperature conditions only and do not account forother loads. the final design of all flanges shall account for gasket seating, external loads imposed by piping, and all other imposed loads.differentialthermalexpansionof dissimilarjointsand transientthermal conditions such as start-up/shutdown and operational upset shall beaccomodated.在 uop项目规范中列出的法兰等级只基于设计压力和温度条件， 不考虑其他负载。所有法兰的最终设计应考虑到阀座、 管道外荷载和所有其他荷载。 应适应如启动/ 关闭和切换时不同接头的热膨胀和瞬态热状态。flanges intendedforuse withspiralwoundgasketsshallhave a flange surface finish of 125 microinch ra minimum to 250 microinch ra maximum.flanges intended for use with other gaskets shall have a flange surfacefinishwithintheoptimalrange forthespecifiedgasket.finishesshall be judged by visual comparison with surface finish roughness standards conforming to asme b46.1.用螺旋缠绕垫圈的法兰盘表面粗糙度应介于 125 微英寸到 250 微英寸之间。使用其他垫片的法兰盘的表面加工应符合垫片规范最佳值。flange finishes shall be protected from damage during fabrication, heat treatment, shipping, storage and installation.法兰盘成品应使用符合asme b46.1标准的表面粗糙度标准进行目视比较。ring joint flanges shall have a flat bottom groove with theintersection between the bottom and sides of the groove machined to a smooth 0.125 inch (3mm) minimum radius.槽式密封面法兰应该有一个平的底部沟槽，在凹槽的底部和侧面之间的光滑十字槽加工尺寸最小半径0.125 英寸(3mm)。6.9 valves and unloaders气阀和卸荷器paragraph , clarification澄清to prevent failure of the unloader to actuate due to corrosion:为防止因腐蚀造成的卸荷器失效- the unloader actuators shall be a weather proof design which prevents ingress of water and other contaminants.卸荷器应采用防水密封设计防止水和其他污染物进入- allcriticalslidingfitcomponents inthe unloaderactuatorsshall be constructed of corrosion resistant materials, including:所有卸荷器关键滑动部件应采用耐腐蚀材料opistons/operators制动器/ 操作机构ounloader cylinder bodies 卸荷器缸体ounloader shafts/spindles/push rods卸荷器轴 / 主轴/ 推杆the actuators/operators shall be sized for 10 psi (0.7 kg/cm2) less than the specified minimumsite operating fluid pressure. unloaders shall be shop tested for proper actuation制动器 操作机构结构尺寸应该适合 10 psi (0.7 kg/cm 2) 小于规定最小现场流体压力。卸荷器应进行适当的驱动工厂实验。paragraph , clarification澄清rain shields shall be provided with all machines, unless:所有机器均应提供防雨罩，除非：- installed indoors.室内安装- the vendor unloaderdesigncomplieswithuopclarification供应商卸荷器完全采用uop澄清 设计6.10 pistons, piston rods, and piston rings活塞 活塞杆活塞环paragraph 6.10.3, addition增加cast aluminum and fabricated steel pistons shall not be used above500 horsepower (375 kw) per cylinder.铸铝和焊接钢活塞不应用于超过 500马力（ 375kw）每气缸pistons, whenintegrated/integral with the piston rod (e.g. low ratio between piston rod diameter and cylinder diameter) shall be constructedof the samematerialas the pistonrod and maybe fabricatedwithoutlimits above.当整体或与活塞杆一体活塞 （如活塞杆直径和气缸直径比低）应采用活塞杆相同材质，不受上述限制。paragraph , clarification/addition澄清 增加hollow single-piece pistons shall have a spring loaded relief plugin the outer-end face of the piston.中空单体活塞应在活塞外端面安装一个弹簧安全阀multi-piecepistonsshallhave a minimum1/8 ” (3mm) diameterdrilledvent hole多体活塞应有一个最小直径1/8 ” (3mm)孔6.12 distance pieces接筒paragraph , clarification澄清distancepiecesshallbe providedwithgasketed,solidmetalcovers.接筒应提供带封圈固体金属盖板paragraph , addition增加compartments shall be vented separately to non-hazardous areas.接筒腔室应与无害区域分隔排放paragraph , addition增加packing vent piping inside of the distance piece shall be designed for the maximum allowable working pressure of the cylinder.取代接筒的内部填料放气管道设计时应考虑气缸最大工作压力6.14.2 compressor frame lubrication压缩机机身润滑paragraph .4, addition增加the reservoirshallbe fittedwitha lube oiltemperaturetransmitter.油箱应设有温度传感器paragraph , addition增加when an auxiliary oil pump is not provided, a hand pump shall beprovided for start-up lubrication.如果没有辅机泵，为了开启润滑应提供手动泵paragraph , addition增加for applicationswithratedpowers below 250 horsepower (185 kw), oil coolers are not required provided the vendor can demonstrate throughcalculation and operating experience that the frame has adequate radiative area to dissipate the heat.当额定功率低于 250 马力（ 185 kw)时，供应商无需提供油冷却器若能通过计算和操作经验证明框架有足够的辐射面积来散热。paragraph , clarification澄清heating for reservoirs shall be provided when the minimum ambient temperature is less than the vendors required minimum start-uptemperature.thermostaticallycontrolledimmersionheatersconformingto api 618 shall be used.当最低环境温度低于供应商所需的最低启动温度时需 要安装油箱加热器。恒温控制加热器应符合api618 标准7. accessories辅助设备7.2 couplings and guards联轴器和防护罩paragraph 7.2.1, addition/clarification增加 澄清couplings shall allow continuous operation with twice the estimated cold-to hot thermal growth.联轴器应满足在两倍预估热膨胀条件下持续工作7.6 controls and instrumentation控制和仪表paragraph , clarification澄清provide a separately mounted local instrument panel for each compressor. as a minimum the following shall be included:- process gas inlet and discharge temperatures for each cylinder- process gas inlet and discharge pressures for each stage-frame lube oil pressure-speed for variable speed drivers-multi-positionselectorswitchforcylinderloading(each service)每台压缩机非别安装现场仪表，至少应包括如下： 每台气缸进出口气体温度传感器各级压力传感器机身润滑油压力变频电机速度传感器气缸加载多位选择开关（每次服务）paragraph , addition增加the system shallbe capableof startingup and shuttingdownwitheach stage unloaded.控制系统应具有分级卸载开启关闭能力in addition the vendor shall also do one of the following:此外供应商应做一下一项工作-provide interlocks to ensure that the compressor cannot start-upunder loadand toautomaticallyunload thecompressor or open the process spillback during shutdown.提供联锁装置来确保压缩机不能在欠载下启动和自动卸载压缩机或在关闭过程中打开回流-design the train for start-up and shutdown with each stage pressurized to its full operating pressure. (not allowed when a suctionvalveunloaderbased steplesscapacityregulationsystem isincluded)设计机组的开关满足各级增压到它的额定工作压力（不允许当进口阀卸荷器包含无级变速系统）-recommenda torquelimitingdeviceto preventdamageto the equipment during start-up.建议增加扭矩限制器以防启动时损坏机器paragraph 0, clarification澄清variable volume clearance pockets are not permitted.不允许采用可变容积余隙腔paragraph 7.6.7, clarification/ addition澄清/ 增加solidstatevelocitytransducersshallbe used. vendor proposalshall state how many are included.应采用固态速度传感器。供应商须提供包含多少个。transducersshallbe mounted at main bearinglocationswhich see full dynamic loads from the compressor (e.g. bearings supporting loads of compressor throws, not static motor/flywheel loads). transducers shallbe mounted on the sideof the compressor frame,elevationat the centerline of the crankshaft. orientation shall be in the direction of piston rodtravel.传感器应安装在主轴承位置来显示压缩机完全动态载荷（如，轴承支撑负载压缩机非静态电机或飞轮负载）传感器应安装在机身一侧，曲轴中心线高度。 方向同活塞杆行程。when more than one transducer is provided, transducers shall be mounted on opposite corners of the frame.当包含多个传感器时，传感应该被安装在机身相向位置。reference uop for allowable vibration limits.振动极限参照 uop when specified, the vendor shall also provide an accelerometermounted inthe verticalorientationon each crosshead guide foralarmonly.the crosshead accelerometer needs to be part of a smart vibration monitoring package utilizing a once per revolution crank position keyphasor.当特别规定时， 供应商同时应为每个十字头在垂直方向安装加速报警仪。十字头加速计应作为智能振动检测系统的一部分，通过每次曲轴旋转设定位置监控。paragraph 7.6.8, addition/clarification增加 澄清when specified, the vendor shall supply a temperature monitoring system. each main bearing, valve and piston packing case shall have a temperature sensor in the loaded area.当特别规定时，供应商应提供温度监控系统。所有主轴承，气阀，填料函都应有温度传感器安装在承载区域。.whenspecified,crosshead pintemperaturemonitorsshallbe eutectic type.当特别规定时，十字头销温度传感器应为共熔合金型7.8 intercoolers, aftercoolers and separators中间冷却器、后冷却器和分离器paragraph , addition增加whenan integralmoistureremoval sectionisprovided,and the process gas is corrosive (e.g. hcl, h2s, etc.) the moisture removal sectioninternalsshallbe constructedof suitablecorrosionresistantmaterial. 当包含整体除水器时，且气体有腐蚀性（如盐酸，硫化氢等），其材质应为耐腐 蚀金属7.9.4 pulsation and vibration control脉动和振动控制paragraph , addition增加the vibrationlevelofthe installed,foundationmounted, compressor frame shall not exceed the limit below:压缩机机身，基础振动级不应超出下表规定*位置波峰速度筛选波峰位移曲轴心线（如uop7.6.7 说明中定义）0.4 英寸每秒 10.2 厘米每秒8 密尔（ 200 微米）- the frequency filter in the monitor should be set to filter out frequencies lower than?x and higher than 20x compressor speed.监视器滤频器应设置为过滤掉低于? x和高于 20x 压缩机速度的频率the compressor vendor shall provide all required data to enable the foundation designer to meet these requirements压缩机供应商应提供所有必须资料来确保基础设计者能满足这些需要。note:additionalguide values foracceptablevibrationsof installed,foundation mounted operating compressors at various locations on the compressor frame can be found in the document efrc“guidelines for vibrations in reciprocating compressor systems”.注意：压缩机机身附加指导标准可以在efrc压缩机震动指导标准中找到。7.9.5 pulsation suppression devices脉动抑制装置paragraph 7.9.5, addition增加threaded connections are not permitted. 不允许采用螺纹连接warning tags shall be affixed to the pulsation suppression devicestocautionagainstdamaging theinternalsurfacecoatingby picklingthe suppressors during field cleaning activities.警告标签应贴在脉动抑制装置上， 以防止现场清洗时对其酸洗造成内表面涂层损坏。paragraph .2, addition/clarification增加、澄清suction side equipment between the block valve and compressor cylinder shall either be rated for the discharge pressure or a suction side pressure relief valve must be provided. if a pressure relief valve is used, the vendor shall provide all information required to properlysizethisdevice.在切断阀和压缩机气缸之间的吸入端设备应满足吸气压力或安装排气压力飞安全阀。如果采用排气压力安全阀，需要满足此装置工况paragraph .11, clarification/addition澄清、增加for compressors with multiple cylinders per stage and sharedpulsation bottles, individual cylinder temperature monitoring isrequired. this shall be accomplished as follows:对于每级有多个气缸且共用脉动装置，需要每个气缸加温度传感器。规格如下：.-provide one (1) nps 1 1/2 inch flanged connection at the suctionnozzle for each cylinder for insertion of a thermowell.在每个气缸进气管处提供一个 1 1/2英寸法兰连接用于插入热电偶-providefou