定语从句之先行词(含答案解析)

.定语从句之先行词题号得分i综合练习iiiii总分一、句子翻译（本大题共4 小题，共8.0 分）1. 分析再翻译：看下面的句子，分别找出各句的先行词和关系代词，并指出引导词在句子中作什么成分，然后将句子译成汉语(1) this is the stranger who helped us yesterday.先行词： ；关系代词： ；关系代词在从句中作 。译文：(2) the boy whom the teacher often praises is their monitor.先行词： ；关系代词： ；关系代词在从句中作 。译文：(3) fruit trees which once grew only in china can be found in many parts of the world. 先行词： ；关系代词： ；关系代词在从句中作 。译文：(4) the gold medal which she won has been given to her old school.先行词： ；关系代词： ；关系代词在从句中作 。译文：(5) the woman that i read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.先行词： ；关系代词： ；关系代词在从句中作 。译文：(6) the report that was handed in by mr turner was about the motor race.先行词： ；关系代词： ；关系代词在从句中作 。译文：;.(7) i know the person whose company produces computers.先行词： ；关系代词： ；关系代词在从句中作 。译文：(8) i once lived in the house whose windows were much larger than usual.先行词： ；关系代词： ；关系代词在从句中作 。译文：2. 约翰要给捡到他钱包的出租司机一百元作为酬劳。(reward; wallet; who ）3. 按给出的中文意思，用括号内所给的英语或句式提醒，翻译句子。我高度评价那些为梦想而努力的同学。(those;定语从句 )4. 根据括号内的提示或要求，将下列句子翻译成英语。假设你的朋友找了一个你不喜欢的男朋友或女朋友，你会对你朋友说出你真实的感受吗？(suppose)二、语法填空（本大题共3 小题，共45.0 分）5. 阅读下面材料， 在空白处填入适当的内容（ 1 个单词） 或括号内单词的正确形式（不多于 3 个单词）。（请将答案写在答题卡上）diet and way of life are often a problem for teenagers. however, if you eat the right food and exercise (1)(regular), you can feel better, look better and have more energy. so healthy eating along(2)regular exercise is probably the only way to become fit.as a teenager, it is important to give your body the energy(3)needs. for a healthy diet, you should eat mostly rice, bread, vegetables and fruit. you also need to drink a lot of water.(4)(drink) enough water will improve your skin and give you healthy hair.exercise is something(5)can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. teenagers should spend at least 30 minutes exercising, five times a week. walking and riding your bike count, and(6)do school sports. when you exercise, your body produces (7)(chemical) that make you feel peaceful and(8)(relax) and increase your ability to concentrate when you study. a good amount of sleep every night(9)(be) also important for your health. teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep each night.if you follow the suggestions above, you will look and feel much(10)(good) in no time at all!（ 1）（ 2）（ 3）（ 4）（ 5）（ 6）（ 7）（ 8）（ 9）（ 10）6. im not sure (1) is more frightened ， me or the female gorilla （大猩猩） that suddenly appears out of nowhere i m walking on a path in the forest in the central africanrepublic unexpectedly ， im face toface with the gorilla ， who begins screamingat (2) top of her lungs that makes her baby scream， and then a 400pound maleappearshe screams the(3) （ loud ）of all the noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me i quickly lower myself， ducking my head toavoid(4) （ look ） directly into his eyes so he doesn t feel(5) （ challenge）my name is mireya mayor im a(6)（ science） who studies animals such as apes and monkeys i was searching (7) these three western lowland gorillas id been observing no one had seen them for hours， and my colleagues and i were worried when the gorillas and i frightened each other ， i was just glad to find(8) （ they） alive true to gorilla s unaggressive nature， the huge animal (9)（ mean） no real harm he was just saying： im king of this forest ， and here is your reminder! once his message was delivered， he allowed me(10) （ stay） and watch7. 阅读下面的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。nearly 800 new pupils oflianhua elementary school in nanjing, jiangsu province, is reported(1)(receive) a unique gift: an admission letter(2)their names are written by teachers using chinese writing brush.(3)(similar), nanjing normal university has been sending their freshmen calligraphy （书法）admission for eleven years. several former professors in(4)70s take about a week writing more than 4,500 admission letters every year.it is believed in china that “ handwriting is the man, ”(5)(mean) good handwriting can not only cultivate one s temperament (气质 ), but can also reflect one s literacy andcharacter. at present,(6)(tradition) calligraphy has again become a compulsory lesson in many chinese primary and middle schools, which aims(7)(improve) students cultural competence （能力） . at the same time, parents are attaching great importance(8)children s calligraphy practice. it is fair to say that calligraphy isnot left out in today s fast-paced society;(9), its incomparable value is standing out.the charm of chinese culture embodied in calligraphy can always strike a chord with （引起共鸣）writers and(10)(view). do you have any interest in learning it?三、单选题（本大题共26 小题，共 26.0 分）8. with his attention on the computer games, he failed in the exam, made his parents disappointed.a. concentrating, whichb. concentrating, thatc. concentrated, whichd. concentrated, as9. is known to us, the dragon stands for china the bear symbolizes russia.a. it; butb. as; whilec. what; whiled. it; when10. she said that the building would be finished by october, i doubt very much.a. whob. whenc. thatd. which11. i disagree with the facts your argument is based a. thatb. whichc. whosed. on which12. the story happened on a day the weather was wet and cold.a. whenb. whichc. thatd. who13. you should have known waiting for you in the rain more than one student, along with the only one of the teachers who to take part in the concert.a. are, isb. was, wasc. were, wasd. was, were14. is this chicken farm we visited three years ago?a. in whichb. wherec. the oned. /15. is known to us all that the old scientist, for life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties.a. as; whoseb. it; whosec. as; whomd. it; whom16. the chinese general said in an interview that the pla would do all they can to protect every inch of our territory (领土 ).a. whichb. thatc. whod. as17. generally, people with plans can catch chances more easily than who don t get prepared in advance.a. onesb. thesec. somed. those18. a football fan （球迷） is has a strong interest in football.a. a thing thatb. something thatc. a person whod. what19. the farm we see today is no longer the one it was ten years ago.a. which; whichb. where; thatc. where; whatd. that; that20. self-driving is an area china and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.a. thatb. wherec. whichd. when21. there is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher.a. whichb. thatc. whered. in which22. what can guarantee the stability of the chinese economy are the two factors: the increase of investment abroad and the response of the consumer market, have worked well so far.a. either of whichb. all of whomc. both of whichd. each of whom23. never before such a thrilling game you can experience life-and-death events one after another.a. have i played; thatb. had i played; thatc. had i played; whered. have i played; where24. she doesn t like he says to his parents.a. the wayb. in the way thatc. in the wayd. the way which25. it is reported that a number of buildings, are being built in my hometown, will be finished next year.a. that of someb. which somec. some of themd. some of which26. he advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads, that had the best colour.a. thatb. onesc. thosed. one27. president xi s visit to the uk creates a win-win situation, both china and the uk will benefit a lot in economic and social development.a. one whereb. onec. whichd. the one in which28. mr. white is a kind and selfless professor, cares more for others than for himself.a. the oneb. the one whoc. one whod. one29. the literature salon creates a platform many literature lovers think can provide a chance for them to share their thoughts.a. whereb. whichc. whatd. who30. a number of audience were present in the registration center in the morning, the number of was 300; , the host had forgotten to arrange temporary accommodations.a. who; thereforeb. whom; neverthelessc. what; besidesd. which; rather31. we will call on the man we think can speak very good english.a. whob. whomc. whatd. which32. newly released data point to an increase in technology use among children some worry is changing the very nature of childhood.a. whyb. whichc. whod. where33. the law must be strictly observed and breaks it shall be punished.a. thoseb. anyone whoc. anyoned. those who答案和解析1. 【答案】 (1)the stranger； who ；主语；这是昨天帮助我们的陌生人。(2)the boy ； whom ；（ praise 的）宾语；老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。(3)fruit trees ； which ；主语；曾经只在中国种植的果树在世界许多地方都可以见到。(4)the gold medal ；which ；（ won 的）宾语； 她曾经获得的金牌已经被送给她的母校了。(5)the woman ；that；（about 的）宾语；我在报纸上读到的那个女人刚刚夺得一枚金牌。 (6)the report ； that；主语；由特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。(7) the person； whose；（ company 的）定语；我认识那个人，他的公司生产计算机。(8) the house；whose；（ window 的）定语；我曾经住在那个窗子比一般窗户大很多的房子里。【解析】(1) 分子句子 结构，可知先行词是 the strange，r关系代词是 who，在从句中作主语。故填：the stranger；who；主语；这是昨天帮助我 们的陌生人。(2) 分子句子 结构，可知先行词是 the boy，关系代词是 whom，在从句中作宾语。故填：the boy；whom；（praise的）宾语；老师经 常表扬的那个男孩是他 们的班长。(3) 分子句子 结构，可知先行词是 fruit trees，关系代词是 which，在从句中作主语。故填：fruit trees；which；主语；曾经只在中国种植的果 树在世界许多地方都可以见到。(4) 分子句子 结构，可知先行词是 the gold meda，l关系代词是 which，在从句中作宾语。故填：the gold medal；which；（won 的）宾语；她曾经获得的金牌已 经被送给她的母校了。(5) 分子句子 结构，可知先行词是 the woman，关系代词是 that，在从句中作宾语。故填：the woman；that；（about 的）宾语；我在报纸上读到的那个女人 刚刚夺得一枚金牌。(6) 分子句子 结构，可知先行词是 the report，关系代词是 that，在从句中作主语。故填：the report；that；主语；由特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托 车比赛的。(7) 分子句子 结构，可知先行词是 the person，关系代词是 whose，在从句中作定语。故填：the person；whose；（company的）定语；我认识那个人，他的公司生产计算机。(8) 分子句子 结构，可知先行词是 the house，关系代词是 whose，在从句中作定语。故填：the house；whose；（window 的）定语；我曾经住在那个窗子比一般窗 户大很多的房子里。2. 【答案】john wanted to give 100 yuan as a reward to the taxi driver who had found his wallet.【解析】want to do sth想.要做某事，动词短语；give sb. sth给.某人某物，动词短语，在这里用不定式作 want 的宾语；as a reward作为回报，介词短语；who had found hiswallet. 捡到他钱包的，限制性定语从句，who 在定语从句中充当主 语，表示人，出租司机 the taxi driver 是被修饰的部分，也就是先行 词，故译为 ohnwanted to give 100 yuan as a reward to the taxi driver who had found his walle。t 3.【答案】 i think highly of those who work hard to achieve their dreams (for their dreams).【解析】分析句意，此句应用一般现在时。我i，主格，高度评价.think highly of. ， those那些，指示代词，后面接限制性定语从句，先行词 those，所以应用关系代词 who，努力work hard，固定短语，实现他们的梦想 achieve their dreams（achieve for their dreams），固定短语。故答案是 i think highly of those who work hard to achieve their dreams (for their dreams。)4.【答案】 supposed your best friend has a new boy/girlfriend who you dont like. would you tell your friend how you feel?【解析】根据汉语意思可知，假设 suppose；后面加一个宾语从句，your best friend has a new boy/girlfriend ；接了一个定语从句 who 有 dont like；你真实的感受 how 有feel，故译为 supposed your best friend has a new boy/girlfriend who you dont like.would you tell your friend how you feel? 5.【答案】 1.regularly2.with 3.it4.drinking 5.that 6.so7.chemicals 8.relaxed 9.is 10.better【解析】1. 考查单词 成分。句意：如果你能吃正确的食物并且有 规律地运动。此处修饰动词，应用副词形式。故填 regularly。2. 考查固定搭配。句意：所以健康的饮食和规律的锻炼可能是身体健康的唯一途径。”along with ：与.，同.一道“为固定搭配。故填 with 。3. 考查指示代 词。句意：给身体提供所需的能量是很重要的。此处为一个定语从句，引导词 that在从句中作 宾语可以省略，句子缺乏主 语，用it 代指前面提到的 your body。故填it。4. 考查非谓语动词 。句意：饮用足量的水可以提高你的肤质并且给你健康的 头发。此处用动名词短语做主语。故填drinking 。5. 考查定语从句引 导词的选择。句意：运动可以帮助你看起来很好，感 觉良好，身体健康。在定语从句中，若先行词为不定代 词，应使用引 导词 that。故填that。6. 考查固定搭配。句意：步行和骑自行车计数，学校体育也是如此。so+助动词/情态动词/be 动词+名词/代词，表示.也一样。此处表示校园运 动也和散步和骑自行车一样有助于身体健康。故填 so。7. 考查名词形式。句意：你的身体生产出化学物 质。根据句意，可知应该用复数形式。故填 chemicals。8. 考查动词 形式。句意：放松，提高你学习的能力。此处描述人的主 观感受，应使用-ed 形式。故填 relaxed。9. 考查主谓一致。句意：每天晚上大量的睡眠对你的健康也很重要。主 语是sleep，为不可数名 词，谓语动词应 用第三人称 单数，文章时态为 一般现在时， 故填 is。10. 考查形容词比较级。句意：如果你遵循上面的建议，你将在任何时候看起来和感觉很好。much 修饰比较级。故填better。6.【答案】 【小题 1】which【小题 2】the【小题 3】loudest【小题 4】looking【小题 5】challenged【小题 6】scientist【小题 7】for【小题 8】them【小题 9】meant【小题 10】to stay【解析】此处表示我不确定哪一个更加害怕。考 查宾语从句，从句中缺少主 语，表示 哪一个。故填which。at the top of 固定短语，在.的顶端。故填the。考查最高级，后面有表示范围的词 of all ，所以用最高级。故填 loudest。avoid doing sth.固定短 语，避免做某事。故填looking 。feel 后面加形容 词，作表语，表示被挑战的，所以用过去分词。故填challenged。考查名词，后跟定语从句，关系词用 who，所以先行词为人。故填scientist。search for固定短语，寻找。故填 for。find 后面用人称代 词宾格，作宾语，故填them。根据前后句可知，描述 过去的事情，所以用一般 过去时态。故填meant。allow sb. to do sth.固定句型，允许某人做某事。故填 to stay。7.【答案】 1.to have received2.where 3.similarly 4.their 5.meaning 6.traditional 7.to improve 8.to 9.instead 10.viewers【解析】略8. 【答案】 c【解析】句意：所有的注意力都放在了 电脑游戏上，他考试没能及格；这让他的父母非常失望。with+ 宾语+宾语补 足语, 由句子成分分析可知， 这里的 concentrate和his attention 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词 concentrated; 他因玩游 戏而考试不及格这件事让父母非常失望，可知，前面整个主句做了后面句子的主语，在非限制性定 语从句中，整个主句做主 语放前面，用 which; 故选 c。9. 【答案】 b【解析】句意：众所周知，龙代表中国，而熊象征俄 罗斯。考查 as引导的非限制性定 语从句，指代后面整句 话内容，while 表对比，故选 b。10. 【答案】 d【解析】句意：她说，这栋建筑将在 10 月前完工，我对此表示怀疑。which 引导非限制性定语从句，代指前面句子的内容，从句中缺少 宾语，只能用关系代词，而that 不能引导非限制性定 语从句，who 只能指人，when 是关系副 词，故选 d。11. 【答案】 d【解析】句意：我不同意你的论点所基于的 论据。本句是介 词+which 构成的定 语从句，be based on以为基础，固定搭配。故选 d。12. 【答案】 a【解析】考察定语从句，句意：故事发生在天气潮湿寒冷的一天。定 语从句，先行词为a day，在从句中做时间状语，应用关系副 词 when。故选 a。13.【答案】 b【解析】本句意为“你本应该知道不止一个学生和老 师在雨中等着你。”首先，这个句子是个虚 拟语气。“你本应该知道 ”其实你不知道，是对过去的虚 拟。其次，从句部分是倒装 结构，如果不倒装就是：more than one student, togetherwith all the teachers, was waiting for you in the rain主. 语为 more than one studen；t第二空 one 前面有 the only 等词修饰，则 one of the teachers的语义重心转移到了 one上面，one 就成了先行 词，相应地，who 的谓语动词应 用单数。故选 b。14. 【答案】 c【解析】句意为：这是我们三年前参 观过的鸡场吗？ 这是一个定 语从句，且从句中缺少 visited 的宾语，用the one代替，然后省略了 that 或者 which；a 和 b 都是做状语。故选 c。15. 【答案】 d【解析】从句子结构看第一个从句 应该是主语从句，分析成分，知从句中缺主 语，而既能作主 语又能引导主语从句的是 what, 所以答案 为 d 项。第二个从句为whom 引导的定语从句，还原后应为 life was hard in the past for the old scientist, 不能用 whose。故选 d。16. 【答案】 b【解析】句意：这位中国将 军在一次采 访中说，解放军将竭尽所能保 护我们领土的每一寸。从句子结构可知，限制性定语从句的先行 词是不定代 词 all ，在从句中作宾语，要用关系代词 that，不用which，故选 b。17. 【答案】 d【解析】句意：一般来说，有计划的人比没有提前做好准备的人更容易抓住机会。 those指代前面的 people，those who是固定搭配，意思是的那些人，故选 d。18.【答案】 c【解析】句意：足球迷是一个对足球有浓厚兴趣的人。根据句意，球迷是人，a 、b、d三项都指的是物，用 a person代指 a football fan,who在从句中作主 语，故选 c。19.【答案】 d【解析】句意：我们今天所看到的 农场已经不是十年前的 农场了。本题考察定 语从句的先行词；第一个空的先行词代指 the farm，在句中作宾语，排除bc；第二个空 the one后必须接 that 作为先行词，排除a。故选 d。20. 【答案】 b【解析】句意：自动驾驶 是一个中国和世界上其它国家在同样起点的领域。分析句子可知，此处是限制性定 语从句，先行词是 an area（此处 are