高考英语李辉段落的秘密

第七讲：段落的秘密一、英文段落的基本结构：“文有定法“a) b:background背景句b) t:topic sentence主题句c) e:explanation解释句d) e: example举例子e) c: conclusion总结句二、过渡词【心法】最好每句话都要用上过渡词！【范文 1】写一个段落感谢sue 老师sue, needless to say, i thank you. first and foremost, there is no doubt that you taughtso well that our english has been greatly improved.additionally, it is obvious that we learned a lot; consequently, we all have fallenin love with this beautiful language.last but certainly not least, no one can deny we had a great time together, which we will keep in mind forever.【范文 2】写一个段落感谢你的妈妈。mom, needless to say, i thank you. first and foremost , there is no doubt that you love me so much that my life has been flooded with endless harmony and happiness. additionally , it is obvious that you are doing whatever you canto( 尽其所能去做某事 ) care about me so that i can enjoy a happy and healthy growth. last but not least, no one can deny you look after me every day, which i will cherish forever.【附】常用过渡词文章的过渡之所以必要,是因为写作时从一个时间到另一个时间、从一个地点到另一个地点、从一个人物到另一个人物、从一个事件到另一个事件,或者由于插叙和倒叙的更替 、叙述和议论的变换、正面描写和侧面描写的结合等多种情况,这就少不了过渡。过渡的实质是承上启下,就是在文章的结构上搭设一 座逻辑的桥,把上下文所写的两个内容衔接起来 ,使文章的思路自然通畅。要想过一条河方法很多可以游过去,可以乘船过去 ,还可以架桥过去至于选择哪种方法最合适 ,要根据河面的宽度、河水的深度而定。同样,文章的句与句、段与段之间也有大大小小的河 ,其过渡方式也多种多样 ,若能恰到好处地选择 ,文章就能前后一贯、逻辑严密、结构紧凑。【最常用的段落框架】（1） ） on the one hand,. . on the other hand,. .（2） ） for one thing, . . for another, . .（3） ） firstandforemost,.additionally,./in addition,.lastbut(certainly)not least,. .（4） ） to begin/start with,. moreover,. furthermore,. / whats more,. finally,.【十五大类过渡词】温馨提示：有必要一一研读！对写作、完型、翻译都很有帮助！花30 分钟抄几遍吧！ 最佳学习方法：先把全部的学一遍，再挑出你自己写作时可能用到的背过！(1) 表并列关系的过渡词 :and, also, as well, as well as, or, too, not only . but also, bothand,either . or, neithernor(2) 表递进关系的过渡词 :besides, in addition (加之,除之外) , moreover (此外,而且), what s more (更重要的是 ) , what sworse( 更糟糕的是 )(3) 表转折对比的过渡词 :but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary(相反), although, despite, in spite of, whereas( 而) , unlike, nevertheless(然而) , not only . but also,years ago . today, the former. the latter, the first . whereas the second, once . now, on theone hand .on the other hand, some . others(4) 表原因的过渡词 :because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to(由于)(5) 表结果的过渡词 :so, .； thus,.； therefore,.； asa result,.； sothat,.； then,.；hence (因此),.； so .that.； such . that .；(6) 表条件的过渡词 :if = on condition that(条件是) ； as/so long as(只要) ；unless；(7) 表时间的过渡词 :when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards (事后) , soon, lately,recently,since,from thenon,eventually,inthemeantime, then,suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, ina few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, from now on, atpresent, immediately, the moment(8) 表特定的顺序关系的过渡词:first, firstly,second,secondly,third,thirdly,above all,firstofall,then, next, finally, inthe end, at last, afterward( s) (后来) , meanwhile (几乎同时 ) , thereafter(在那以后) , last, finally,eventually(终于)(9) 表 换一种方式表达 的过渡词 :in other words,.； that is to say,.； to put it another way,.；(10) 表进行举例说明的过渡词:for instance, for example, like, such as，including,(11) 表陈述事实的过渡词 :in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth(12) 表强调的过渡词 :certainly,indeed,above all,surely,most importantly,infact,no doubt,without any doubt, truly, obviously(13) 表比较的过渡词 :like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, similar to(14) 表目的的过渡词 :for this reason, for this purpose(为此), so that, in order to, so as to(15) 表总结的过渡词 :in a word(总之,简言之 ), in general, in short (总之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary【按照写作文时的具体用法分类】 有关“启”的常用词语用于引导主题句，或用于主题句的后面，引导第一个扩展句。first(ly)/ at first/ first of all第一， 最初，首先in the first place首先，第一at present /now现在in the beginning起初to begin/start with首先，第一for one thing首先， (常与 for another连用)（其次）on the one hand一方面 (常与 on the other hand连用)（另一方面）currently目前lately/recently最近in general/generally speaking一般来说2 有关“承”的常用词语用于承接主题句，或第一个（或前一个）扩展句。second(ly)第二；第二点third (ly)第三；第三点also/too并且； 又， 也besides (this)此外in addition此外in addition to除之外furthermore/ moreover/ what is more而且, 此外for another其次for example /instance例如as an example例如namely即,就是then然后of course当然in other words换句话说in particular特别, 尤其in the same way同样地after that此后afterwards此后after a few days几天以后after a while过了一会儿from now on从此later后来just as正如similarly同样地meanwhile/ at the same time同时by this time此时soon不久consequently结果3 有关 “转”的常用词语用来表示不同或相反的情况after all毕竟but但 是 yet仍, 然而however然而nevertheless尽管, 如此though / although尽管如此despite / in spite of尽管on the contrary相反地unlike与不同on the other hand另一方面unfortunately不幸地still仍然in fact/ as a matter of fact事实上4 有关 “合”的常用词语用于小结段落中上文的内容，引导最后一个扩展句或引导结尾句表示段落的结束。finally/at last最后, 终于in brief /short简言之in conclusion总之in summary摘要地说therefore因 此 thus因此to conclude/ summarize/ sum up总而言之briefly简单地说above all最重要地as a result结果as i have said如我所述at length最后， 终于eventually最终indeed的确surely无疑no doubt毫无疑问truly的确so所以obviously显然certainly无疑5 表示过渡的词这类词同样可以起到增强句子连贯性和文章流畅的词。表示增加的过渡词：also, and, and then, too, in addition, besides, furthermore, moreover, againanother, above all,表示时间顺序的过渡词：now, then, before, after,afterwards, earlier,later,immediately,soon,next,ina few days,meanwhile,gradually,first,second, finally, till.表示空间顺序的过渡词： near,near to,far,farfrom,infrontof,beside,beyond, above,below,to theright, to the left, around, behind, on one side.表示对比的过渡词：but,still,however， ontheotherhand，on thecontrary,yet, in spite of,nevertheless表示比较的过渡词：in the same way, similarity, just like just as，表示结果和原因的过渡词：because,since,so,as a result,therefore,then,hence, thus ,as.【过渡词专项练习】这里面除了练习一些过渡词，还练习了一些黄金圣衣句型2005年湖北卷(in fact, in my opinion,for one reason, so, for another reason, therefore)im very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago. ive beenthink-ingaboutthequestionyou asked me. , you shouldcome back after you finishyourstudiesabroad. , what you arestudyingisbadlyneedednowadays inchina. it willbe quiteeasy foryou to finda good job. , i know a few big companies in our city are hoping to hire people like you. , i think it will be much more convenient for you to look after yourparents as they are getting old. i think its a good idea for you to return. , what are you waiting for?答案： in my opinion, for one reason, in fact, for another reason, therefore, so2005年福建卷 (in my opinion, it is known to us all, what s more, on the other hand, so, but, instead of )my opinion on cheating in examinations thatsomestudentscheatinexaminationsatschool.asstudents, we often take examinations at school. , sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. , some of us are lazy anddon t work hard at our lessons. , when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers. ,itiswrong tocheatinexaminationsbecause itbreakstherules of schools. we students should be honest and try to get good results by studyinghard cheating in examinations. ,we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.答案： it s known to us all, but, on the other hand, so, in my opinion, instead of, whats more点评：这里的 on the other hand有点不地道， anyway，这就是中国高考！2006年福建卷 (aswe allknow, onlyinthis