祈使句语法及练习题

祈使句祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you 常省略，谓语动词用原形， 句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。1. 肯定的祈使句（1）动词原形 +其他stand up, please. = please stand up. 请起立。（2） be + n./adj.be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!be careful! = look out! = take care!小心 / 当心！（3） let + 宾语 + 动词原形+ 其它成分let me help you. 让我来帮你。let s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。 2. 否定的祈使句(1) dont + 动词原形dont stand up. 别站起来。dont be careless. 别粗心。dont let them play with fire.别让他们玩火。（ 2 ） let型的否定式有两种:“ dont + let +宾语 + 动词原形+ 其它成分”和“let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形 + 其它成分” 。dont let him go. / let him not go.别让他走。let them not play with fire.别让他们玩火。（3） no 开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。no smoking! 禁止吸烟 !no fishing!禁止钓鱼 !3. 祈使句的强调形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词do 。例如： do shut up! 快住口！4. 祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will 或 won t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：1) 形式一致 (即 yes 与 will 保持一致； no 与 won t 保持一致 )2) 意思相反 (即 yes 是 “不”的意思；no 是 “是”的意思)。 在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。如 ： - don t go out, please. it s raining heavily outside.请 不 要 出 去 。 外 面 雨 下 得 很大。- yes, i will. i have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。5. 祈使句的反意疑问句(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you或wont you 。please open the door, will/ won t you? 请把门打开，好吗？(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you 。dont be late again, will you?别再迟到了，行不行？(3) 以lets开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we 。lets turn on the tv , shall we? 我们把电视打开，好吗？ 只有以 lets 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we ，而 let us 开头的 祈 使 句 的 反 意 疑 问 句 的 反 问 部 分 应 为will you或wont you.如 ：let us stay here, will/ wont you?请（你）让我们留在这好吗？祈使句专项练习一. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. it asn important meeting. (not, be )late.2. (not,make) any nise! your mother is sleeping.3. (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and (be) polite.4. ( not, talk) and (read) aloud.5. (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, larry.6. (look) out! a car is coming.7. (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like. 8. (not, let) the baby cry.9. wear more clothes or you (catch) a cold.10. let s (not, say) anything about it.二、单项选择1. the tv is too loud. please .a. turn it downb. to turn it downc. turn down itd. to turn down it2. late again, bill!a. dont to beb. dont bec. not bed. be not3. cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.a. notb. wontc. doesntd. dont4. please help me carry it, ?a. will ib. will youc. shall id. shall we5. dont make so much noise, ?a. will youb. wont youc. shall wed. do you6. do you know the girl under the tree?a. standb. to standc. standingd. stood7. kate, your homework here tomorrow.a. bringb. bringsc. to bringd. bringing8. me the truth, or ill be angry.a. tellingb. to tellc. toldd. tell9. ive kept the dog maomao for a long time.a. nameb. namedc. namingd. to name10. dont you know that is good for our health?a. swimb. swimmingc. swamd. swims 11 .her doctor said: “ work so hard ”a stopb dont c cant d no12. sindy, to be here at 8 o clocka is sureb is sure thatc will be sured be sure13. when you cross the road.a do careb carec do be carefuld to be careful14. him the secret, will you?a donttellb not to tellc not tellingd no telling15. in bed. it bsad for your eyes.a not to readb dontreadc dontto readd not read16. your child. we lllook after him.a not to worry aboutbdontworry aboutc not worry forddontworry with 17.they are very tired. why have a rest?a not theyb do not theyc don ttheyd not to18 -you look rather tired. stopping to have a rest?- all right.a why notb how aboutc why not tod whydon t 19 tell a lie.a hardlyb notc nod never 20.please look outside. look at the blackboard.a notb don tc aren td can t三、句型转换1. will you please read it again more slowly?（改为祈使句） again more slowly, please.2. if you dont listen to me, ill go.（改为同义句） me, or i ll go.3. lets watch the sports games.（改为反意疑问句）lets watch the sports games, ?4. the teachers often tell the students not to be careless.句） careless, please.（改为祈使5. please sit next to nancy. （改为否定句） next to nancy.6. dont forget to turn off the lights, please.（改为反意疑问句） dont forget to turn off the lights, ?7. if you move, youll die.（改为同义句） , or youll die.8. come to my house tomorrow.（改为反意疑问句） come to my house tomorrow, ?9. 这是一个坏了的被子。（翻译句子）this is a .10. 让我 们去帮帮那 个哭泣的女孩 吧。（翻译句 子）lets go and help the , please.四、将下列汉语翻译成英语。1. 请照看好您的包。 .2. 让我们去学校吧! !3. 亲爱的 ,高兴点儿 ! !4. 不要把书放这儿。 .5. 不要让猫进来。 .参考答案一、填空题1.dont t be2. dont t make3. dont t speakbe 4. dont talkread5. don t leave6. look 7. give8. don t let9. catch10. not _say 二、单选题1-5. abdba6-10. cadbb11-15 badad16-20 bdadb三、句型转换1. read it2. listen to3. shall we4.dontbe5. dontsit6. wil