高中状语从句导学案

.状语从句思维导图易考易错点总结状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、 目的状语从句和结果状语从句。对状语从句的考查主要集中在连接词上，尤其要重视 as, until, before, since, when, in case等连词的各种语义功能和语法功能。具体来说主要包括：1. 考查状语从句的连接词。要掌握各个连词的含义及其用法，还有它们之间的区别。如： 时间状语的连词有while, when ，as，as soon as，until ，notuntil ，before, after, since等；条件状语从句的连词有if ， unless, in case, on condition that, provided (that), supposing,suppose (that)等；结果状语从句的连词有sothat(如此以至于), suchthat(如此以至于 )等。2. 考查固定搭配和习惯用法的连接词。如：no soonerthan，hardlywhen，scarcelybefore，the moment/minute ，directly 。3考查不同性质的连词在不同的语境中所表达的不同意义。如： as 既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导原因状语从句和让步状语从句；where 能引导地点状语从句和定语从句等。4. 考查状语从句的时态。主要考查在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表将来及用一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。5. 考查状语从句的省略。;.在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it 以及 be 动词，保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“it is形容词”结构，也可以省略it is 。6. 考查状语从句、宾语从句、简单句和并列句的句式结构。如： when 引导时间状语从句意为“当的时候”，引导宾语从句意为“什么时候”；if 引导条件状语从句意为“如果”，引导宾语从句意为“是否”等。一状语含义：修饰 词、 词、 词或 ，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分.二状语从句：在主从复合句中做状语的从句。结构为：句子+引导词作状语。如： he had learned a little chinese before he came to china.三状语从句分类：时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句状语从句名称常用连词时间when, while, as,as soon as, hardlywhen, no soonerthan, scarcely.when, since( 自 从 ),once,whenever, before, after ,till, until, the moment(the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly,instantly,),by the time, every time,each time, as long as(=so long as)地点where, wherever条件if, unless, once(一旦就),in case(that)（万一） ,so long as(as long as),on condition that ,as far as(so far as)原因because, since既(虑到)然),now that, as , ,seeing that看(到),considering that(考结果such(a, an)that, sothat, so, so that, that目的so that in order that, for fear that, in case（以防，以免）让步though, although, as, ever if= even though, whatever, whenever, wherever, however, whichever, whoever, whomever, no matter what, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how no matter which, no matter who, no matter whom,whether or not= whethero不r n管ot( 与否)比较asas, not so/asas, morethan, lessthan方式as, just as, as if=as though练习题1.whileiwaswalkingalongthestreet,ifoundmanybeatifulbuildings()2. where there is a will, there is a way. ()3. now that/since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. （）4. ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. ()5. so clever was he that he was able toworkoutallthe difficultproblems. ()6. as long as you dont lose heart, you ll succeed. ()7. try as he might, he could not find a job. ()8. the old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son. ()9. he is taller than i am.()一.时间状语从句时间状语从句常用1）when, while,as, 2）as soon as, hardlywhen/before , nosoonerthan, scarcely.when,whenever）3 since(自从),once, before, after ,till, until,4）the moment(the minute, the second, the instant, the day,the year ,）by the time, every time, each time,next time，any time . the first time ,the second time 5） immediately, instantly，directly), 等词来引导。例如：it was raining hard i got to school yesterday. he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. he walked along the lake, he sang happily.he had learned a little chinese he came to china. he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. he was ill i saw him.no sooner had she heard the news he cried.1. 连接词 when 的用法小结1)when 可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”从句的谓语动词可以是 ，也可以是 的。如： the film ended, they went back. i lived there, i used to go to the seashore on sundays.2). when 常用于下列句式：意为“就在那时”。如：was doing somethingwhen was about to dowhenwas on the point of doing sth. when had donewhen3) when 可以表“既然”，如：how can i help them to understand they won练习题-填空t listen to me?1.we were swimming in the lake suddenly the storm started.2. he was about to tell me the secret someone patted him on the shoulder.3. he transplanted the little tree to the garden it was the best time for it.4. did jack come back early last night?yes. it was not yet eight oclock he arrived home.5. he was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears.2.连接词 while 的用法小结1. while 可用来引导时间状语，意为“ ”；引导的动作必须是 ，如：please dont talk so loud others are working.2. while 作为并列连词，意为“ ”，表示对比。jane was dressed in brown mary was dressed in blue.3. while 也可用来引导让步状语，意为“ ”；相当于 i admit that the problems are difficult , i don t agree that they can t be solved.4趁的情况赶紧做 , 否则来不及了strike the iron is hot.练习1. the cost of living in glasgow is among the lowest in britain, the quality of life is probably one of the highest.a. sinceb. whenc. asd. while2. i accept that he is not perfect, i do actually like the person.a. whileb. sincec. befored. unless3. it is true that a students most important goal is to do well in his or her studies, it doesnt need to be the only goal.awhenbasc whiled before4. mary made coffeeher guests were finishing their meal.全(国)a. so thatb. althoughc. whiled. as if3.as 用法小结1. 引导时间状语从句：强调同时发生或紧接着发生，动作无先后。当时候一边一边随着2. 引导原因状语从句： 3. 引导方式状语从句： 4. 引导让步状语从句： , 必须用 5. 引导比较状语从句： asas 6. 引导定语从句： 7. 介词： 练习题猜测词义， as 用法小结1. as i left the house, i forgot the key. 2. as i get older, i get more optimistic. 3. he hurried home, looking behind as he went. 4. as the weather is so bad, we have to stay home. 5. you can do it as you like.6. old as he is, he is still energetic.7. he speaks english as fluently as a native speaker. 4.比较 while, when, as类别作用例句as 表示 “当的时候 ”，往往和aswhenwhilewhen/ while 通用， 但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几 乎同时发生。(at or during the time that ) 既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某 一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或 事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。while 意思是 “当的时候 ”或“在某一段时间里 ”。主句中的动作或事she came up as i was cooking.( 同时 )the runners started as the gun went off.( 几乎同时 )it was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)when we were at school, we went to the library every day.( 在一段时间内)please don t talk so loud while others are working.情在从句中的动作或事情的进展 过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time 时，两者可以互换。hefellasleep while/whenreading. strike whilethe iron is hot.( 用 as 或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁”)注意事项：a. as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。例如：just as / just when / when i stopped my car, a man came up to m我e. 一刹车， 有一个人向我走来。b. 当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用 as 或 while 。例如：when you have finished your work, you may have a rest.c. 从句表示 随时间推移 连词能用 as，不用 when 或 while 。例如： as the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。练习题 -用 while, when, as 填空： i was walking down the street, i noticed a police car in front of the store. john arrived, i was cooking lunch. he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening. how can he get good grades he won t study? ( 他不好好学习却能得高分，他是怎么做到的？ when 表示虽然 ) i was wandering through the street i caught sight of a tailor s shop. the grandparents love the children, theyare strict with them.对比练习1. we were about to leave it began to rain.2. she thought i was talking about her son, , in fact, i was talking about my son.3. hardly had i finished my composition the bell rang.a. whenb. whilec. asd. during5.引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有： till, until 和 notuntil1.until/till从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动作，意为“ ”。如：we waited until/till he came.2. 用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“ ”。如： he won t go to bed until her father returns.3. till 不可以置于句首，而until 可以。如：until you told me i had no idea of it.4. notuntil 句型中的强调和倒装说法：it was not until you told me that i had any idea of it. not until you told me did i have any idea of it.练习题1. was his father very strict with him when he was at school?yes. he had never praised him he became one of the top students in his grade.a. afterb. unlessc. untild. when2. (03 上海) a good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity he reaches the end of the story.a. whenb. unlessc. afterd. until3. it was not she took off her dark glasses i realized she was a famous film star.a. when; thatb. until; thatc. until; whend. when; then6.连接词 before的小结说出 before 含义1. we had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 2. we hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 3. please write it down before you forget it. 4. before i could get in a word, he had measured me. before 的有关句型1） it will be/ 段时间 before“还要过多久才”it will be two years before he leaves the country.2） it was +时间段 +before 从句 （动作已发生）itwas three weeks before he came back3） it will not be long before“不多久就会”it won t be long before she comes back4） it was not longbefore“不多久就了 ” 如： it wasnt long before he left the country.5） it is时间 since如：it is three years since she was in the army. it is three years since she joined the army.7.since的用法1）. i have returned home four times since i came here. 2）. she has been working here since he left school.3）. i have seen her twice since he lived here.4）. it is three years since the war broke out. 5）. it was years since i had seen her.译： 总结：it is +some time + since + did.it was +some time + since+ had done.练习题1. he made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation it got worse.a. untilb. whenc. befored. as2. scientists say it may be five or six years it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.a. sinceb. afterc. befored. when3. why didn t you tell him about the meeting? he rushed out of the room i could say a word.a. beforeb. untilc. when d. after4. it is almost five years we saw each other last time.a. beforeb. sincec. after d. because对比练习1. it will be years we meet again.2. it is ten years i came to this town.3. it is ten years ago i came to this town.a. whenb. thatc. befored. since8. hardly / scarcelyw/bheefnore , no soonerthan, as soon表a示s “一 就”， once(一旦).如果 hardly 或 no sooner或 scarcely置于句首，句子必须倒装。hardly /scarcely had i got home when it began to rain. i have finished it , ill give you a call. you show any fear, he will attack you.we had hardly got into the country itbegan to rain.= when it began to rain.用部分倒装 )no sooner had he arrived / he had no sooner arrived she started complaining.9. directly, immediately,instantly , the moment, the minute一就he made for the door he heard the knock.10. 一些含有 time 的名词短语，如the first/second/last time,every time, each time, next time, by the time等，也可引导时间状语从句。the first time i drove the car, i felt very nervous. next time you come, please bring your composition.注意：表示未来情况，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。在时间和条件从句中， 主句是一般将来时， 从句通常用一般现在时表示一般将来或者用现在完成表示将来完成。e.g. well go outing if it doesn t rain tomorrow. i ll write to you as soon as i get to shanghai. dont get off the bus until the bus has stopped .练习题1. did you remember to give mary the money you owed her?yes. i gave it to her i saw her.a. whileb. the momentc. suddenlyd. although2. i thought her nice and honest i met her.a. first timeb. for the first timec. the first timed. by the first time3. entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.a. he hardly hadb. had he hardlyc. hardly had hed. hardly he had二.条件状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有:if“如果” , unless 相当于if not “除非，如果不” , as /so long as只要, in case假使, 如果, provided/providing( that),假如 suppose/supposing( that)假, 如, on condition that 条件是as (so) far as - 据所知given ( that),鉴于、考虑1. if“如果”，表示正面的条件.“祈使句+ and (or)+陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：hurry up, or you ll be late.=if you don t hurry up, you ll be late. study hard and you will pass the exam.=if you study hard, you will pass the exam.if you work harder,you will succeed. work harder, you will succeed.work harder, you won t succeed. harder,you will succeed.2. on conditionthat, suppose(that), supposing (that)(假如 )incase(万一),provided (that), providing (that)倘若)等也可引导条件状语从句。e.g.you may borrow the book, that you do not lend it to others. (that)i don t have a day off, what shall ？we do (that) there is no opposition, i will act as the representative of our school.练习题1. i can see, there is only one possible way to keep away fromthe danger.a.because b. as far asc. ifd. even ifi. always take something to read when i go to the doctor s i have to wait.ain caseb so thatc in orderd as if三.让步状语从句引导词有 though, although，even though, even if, as倒(装),while(尽管)whoever,whatever, however, no matter=what/when/who/how, whetheroertc.1）though, although 引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有(and)yet 可连用。例如：although it s raining, they are still working in the field. he is very old, but he still works very hard. ，但是可和though the sore may be healed, yet a scar may remain.伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。2） as 引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。例如： child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. though 也可以用于倒装，但其可倒装可不倒装。child though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 3）ever if, even though即使。例如：well make a trip even though the weather is bad.4）whetheror不管都。例如： whether you believe it or not, it is true. 5）no matter +疑问词 或 疑问词+后缀 ever 。例如：no matter what happened, he would not mind. =whatever happened, he wouldnot mind.替换 no matter what = whateverno matter who = whoever no matter when = wheneverno matter where = whereverno matter which = whichever no matter how = however （+形容词 /副词+主语+谓语）注意： no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。6)while 也可一代让步状语从句，意思是“尽管”e.g.while i admit his good points, i can see his shortcomings.练习题1. i accept that he is not perfect, i do actually like the person.a. whileb. sincec. befored. unless2. allow children the space to voice their opinions, they are different from your own.a. until b. even ifc. unlessd. as though3. he tried his best to solve the problem, difficult it was.a. howeverb. no matterc. whateverd although 4.the old tower must be saved, the cost.ahoweverbwhateverc whicheverd wherever5. english and french are taught here. you can choose you like.a. no matter whichb. whicheverd. whatever对比练习1. he would have a look at the bookstores he went to town.2. we decide to finish the work on time, happens.3. if we work with a strong will, we overcome any difficulty, great it is.4. ill give the book to likes english.a. wheneverb. whoeverc. whateverd. however四结果状语从句1. 结果状语从句常由sothat ,so that或 suchthat引导。sothat与 suchthat之间可以转换。例如：the boy is so young that he cant go to school. =he is such a young boy that he cant go to schoolthere is not much noise here so that i feel very comfortable.2. sothat,suchthat的区别： so 为副词，修饰形容词或副词，不能修饰名词； such是形容词，用来修饰名词。常见结构有：2) such+ a +adj名词 +that clause such+（adj）+名词复数3)so +adj./adv. +that clause4)so + many/few + 复数名词+that clause much/little （少） +不可数名词e.g.mike is an honest worker that we all believe him.(=mikeis honest an worker that we all believe him).it is good weather that we all want to go out.he earned little money that he couldnt support himself.its not surprising that little child can manage it.注意：sothat表 示 目 的 和 结 果 的 区 别 ： 目 的 状 语 从 句 谓 语 常 含 有can/could/may/might/will/would等情态动词。they set out early so that they might arrive in time. （ ） they set out early so that they arrived in time（. ）五.原因状语从句引导词有 because, since, now that既,( 然 ) as 和 for比较 because, since, a和sfor：1） because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why 提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as 或 since。例如：i didnt go, because i was afraid.since /as the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2） 由 because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for 来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。例如：he is absent today, because/ for he is ill.he must be ill,for he is absent today.3) since 表示对方已经知晓，无需加以说明的原因或事实，语气比because弱。ill do it for you since you are busy.4） now that 意为“既然”，与since同义，但更突出事实本身。now that i am well again, i can go on with my work.5） as 表示的往往是十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或可以看出来，语气较弱，比较口语化。as you object, ill change my plan.六.目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由so that, in order that, les（t 以防， 免得，以免）, forfear that（以防，免得，以免） , in case（以防，免得，以免）等词引导。例如： you must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.你必须大点声，别人就能听见了。he wrote the name down for fear tha（t名字以免以后忘记。注意：lest） he should forget it. 他写下了这个a. 目的状语从句谓语常含有can/could/may/might/will/would等情态动词。b. 连接词“ in case， lest， for fear that”可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为： “lest （in case， for fear that） + 主语 + should + 动词原形” 。lest， for fear that 句中的should 可以省去， in case 句中的should 通常不省去，但是 in case句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。lest， for fear that 后面也可以接其他形式。例如：he took his coat with him in case it should rain他.带着雨衣以防下雨。i will not make a noise for fear that i （ should/ might） disturb you.我不会做声的， 以免打扰你。care must be taken in using this method lest overflow（ should） occur.在使用这以方法的时候要谨慎小心，以免发生溢流现象。七.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas, not as/so as,than, the morethe more引导。1)as/soase.gtom is as tall as john.tom is not so/as tall as john. 注意： asas既可以用于肯定句又可以用于否定句; soas只用于否定句。2)thane.ghe runs faster than i (run).3）the morethe moree.gthe harder he tries, the better result he will get.八.方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as if,; as though; as,（;just） as,so引,导。1） as,（just） asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后， 但在（ just） asso 结构中位于句首，这时as 从句带有比喻的含义，意思是 正如， 就像，多用于正式文体。例如：always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。as water is to fish, so air is to man.just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.2） as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相 反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作 仿佛似的， 好像似的 。例如：they completely ignore these facts as if（as though） they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，