五篇任务型阅读附解析.doc

学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考A任务型阅读(共10 小题；每小题1 分，满分10 分)请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意: 每个空格只填一个单词。“Whatever your job is, the chances are that one of these machines can do it faster or better than you can.”As innovation accelerates, thousands of jobs will disappear, just as it has happened in the previous cycles of industrial revolutions. Machines powered by narrow AI algorithms can already perform certain 3-D tasks (“dull, dirty and dangerous”) much better than humans. This may create enormous pain for those who are losing their jobs over the next few years, particularly if they dont acquire the computer-related skills that would enable them to find more creative opportunities. We must learn from the previous waves of creative destruction if we are to lessen human suffering and increasing inequality.For example, some statistics indicate that as much as 3% of the population in developed countries work as drivers. When automated cars become a reality in the next 15 to 25 years, we must offer people who will be “structurally unemployed” some sort of compensation income, training and re-positioning opportunities.Fortunately, the Schumpeterian waves of destructive innovation also create jobs. History has shown disruptive innovations are not always a zero-sum game. In the long run, the loss of low-added-value jobs to machines can have a positive impact in the overall quality of life of most workers.The ATM paradox is a good example of this. As the use of automatic teller machines spread in the 1980s and 90s, many predicted massive unemployment in the banking sector. Instead, ATMs created more jobs as the cost of opening new agencies decreased. The number of agencies multiplied, as did the portfolio of banking products. Thanks to automation, going to the bank offers a much better customer experience than in previous decades. And the jobs in the industry became better paid and were of better quality.This optimist scenario assumes, however, that education systems will do a better job of preparing our children to become good at what humans do best: creative and critical thinking. Less learning-by-heart and more learning-by-doing. Fewer clerical skills and more philosophical insights about human nature and how to cater to its infinite needs for art and culture.To become creative and critical thinkers, our children will need knowledge and wisdom more than raw data points. They need to ask “why?”, “how?” and “what if?” more often than “what?”, “who?” and “when?” And they must construct this knowledge by relying on databases as cognitive partners as soon as they learn how to read and write.Thus, the future of human-machine cooperation looks less like the scenario in the Terminator movies and more like a Minority Report-style of “augmented intelligence”. There will be jobs if we adapt the education system to equip our children to do what humans are good at: to think critically and creatively, to develop knowledge and wisdom, to appreciate and create beautiful works of art. That does not mean it will be a painless transition. Machines and automation will likely take away millions of low-quality jobs as it has happened in the past. But better-quality jobs will likely replace them, requiring less physical effort and shorter hours to deliver better results.No, artificial intelligence wont _51_ your childrens jobsPassage outlineSupporting detailsA _52_ phenomenonWith the rise of AI, machines _53_ threaten the security of peoples current jobs, making the future of the workforce look rather dark and gloomy.An objective analysisThose not skilled in computer using need to plan _54_, for they are at a higher risk of losing their jobs to machines.Drivers, faced with the increasing popularity of automated cars, need to be compensated, _55_ for re-employment.ATMs, though, create well-paid jobs as well as increase customers _56_.A practical solutionAdjustments need to be made to education systems by _57_ our children for the jobs _58_ creative and critical thinking._59_ of learning philosophy and change in the way of learning styles will be introduced for developing critical thinkers.A safe conclusionAI wont cost your children their jobs. Instead, it will make them more creative and _60_.【答案】51. steal / take 52. worrying 53. seemingly 54. ahead / earlier 55. trained/retrained 56. satisfaction 57. equipping / preparing 58. involving 59. Transition 60. productive / fruitful【解析】本文是一篇说明文，是科普类的文章。机器和自动化可能会像过去一样，夺走数百万低质量的工作岗位。但是高质量的工作很可能会取代它们，需要更少的体力劳动和更短的时间来产生更好的结果。人工智能不会让你的孩子失去工作。相反，它将使他们更有创造力和成果。【51题详解】根据第一段“Whatever your job is, the chances are that one of these machines can do it faster or better than you can.”（不管你的工作是什么，这些机器都有可能比你做得更快或更好。）和最后一段中根据最后一段中Machines and automation will likely take away millions of low-quality jobs as it has happened in the past. But better-quality jobs will likely replace them, requiring less physical effort and shorter hours to deliver better results.（机器和自动化可能会像过去一样，夺走数百万低质量的工作岗位。但是高质量的工作很可能会取代它们，需要更少的体力劳动和更短的时间来产生更好的结果。）可知，人工智能不会取代你孩子的工作。故答案为steal / take。【52题详解】根据第二段中As innovation accelerates, thousands of jobs will disappear, just as it has happened in the previous cycles of industrial revolutions.可知，这是一个令人担忧的现象。故答案为worrying。【53题详解】根据第二段中Machines powered by narrow AI algorithms can already perform certain 3-D tasks (“dull, dirty and dangerous”) much better than humans. This may create enormous pain for those who are losing their jobs over the next few years, particularly if they dont acquire the computer-related skills that would enable them to find more creative opportunities.可知，随着人工智能的崛起，机器似乎威胁着人们当前工作的安全，使得劳动力的未来看起来相当灰暗。故答案为seemingly。【54题详解】根据第二段中This may create enormous pain for those who are losing their jobs over the next few years, particularly if they dont acquire the computer-related skills that would enable them to find more creative opportunities.可知，那些不熟练使用计算机的人需要提前计划，因为他们面临着被机器抢走工作的更高风险。故答案为ahead / earlier。【55题详解】根据第三段中When automated cars become a reality in the next 15 to 25 years, we must offer people who will be “structurally unemployed” some sort of compensation income, training and re-positioning opportunities.可知，面对日益普及的自动化汽车，司机们需要得到补偿，接受再就业培训。故答案为trained/retrained。【56题详解】根据第五段中Instead, ATMs created more jobs as the cost of opening new agencies decreased. The number of agencies multiplied, as did the portfolio of banking products. Thanks to automation, going to the bank offers a much better customer experience than in previous decades. And the jobs in the industry became better paid and were of better quality.可知，然而，自动取款机不仅能创造高薪工作，还能提高顾客的满意度。故答案为satisfaction。【57题详解】根据第六段中This optimist scenario assumes, however, that education systems will do a better job of preparing our children to become good at what humans do best: creative and critical thinking.可知，我们需要调整教育体制，使我们的孩子能够从事创造性和批判性思维的工作。故答案为equipping / preparing。【58题详解】根据第六段中This optimist scenario assumes, however, that education systems will do a better job of preparing our children to become good at what humans do best: creative and critical thinking.可知，我们需要调整教育体制，使我们的孩子能够从事创造性和批判性思维的工作。故答案为involving。【59题详解】根据第七段中To become creative and critical thinkers, our children will need knowledge and wisdom more than raw data points.可知，介绍学习哲学的转变和学习方式的变化，以培养批判性思考者。故答案为Transition。【60题详解】根据最后一段中Machines and automation will likely take away millions of low-quality jobs as it has happened in the past. But better-quality jobs will likely replace them, requiring less physical effort and shorter hours to deliver better results.可知，人工智能不会让你的孩子失去工作。相反，它将使他们更有创造力和成果。故答案为productive / fruitful。B任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填一个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。Australia is becoming an increasingly lonely place, so much so that one party is turning it into an election issue. Social isolation affects one in ten Australians, while one in six experience periods of emotional loneliness. As the Australian population gets older, rates of social isolation are expected to increase.In Victoria, one political party thinks the problem is so severe it requires government involvement with it. Fiona Patten, the upper house MP, has proposed that Victoria introduce a minister for loneliness to work across health, infrastructure, justice and communities portfolios, and handle what experts say is becoming a growing health problem.Scarce public transport options, a lack of support for people with disabilities to engage in community events and satellite suburbs that force long commutes and leave little time for socialisation have all been identified as possible structural triggers. “We know that everyone is at risk of loneliness in periods of life transition,” says Tegan Cruwys, a psychological research fellow at Australian National University. “Whether thats moving to university, becoming a mum, retiring from the workforce, changing jobs, moving cities. If you were someone who experienced loneliness during life transitions, that has less to do with you and much more to do with the world in which you are living.”Kevin ONeill is 56 and divorced in his early 40s. He says the transition from living with a wife and kids to living alone was tough. Things improved when he moved back to Keilor in Melbournes northern suburbs and reconnected with friends he grew up with.Avril Hannah-Jones, a Uniting Church minister, is also considering the risks associated with that transition. “At the moment the time I spend alone is by choice, and is a relaxation from a very people-oriented job,” she says. “Maybe in retirement, if being alone is no longer by choice, Ill feel more lonely.”Brook says retirees can protect against the health risks of loneliness by joining one or two community groups or volunteer communities. “If youre 65 and you retire and you just sort of potter around the house your chances of dying within six years are 12% thats an early death,” she says. “If you retire at 65 and you join one interest group . choir, knitting, woodworking, mens shed, anything, your chances of dying in that six years has reduced by half.”The risk of an early death decreases with every group or meaningful activity you join. “I think thats a really profoundly simple but profoundly powerful message of optimism about this issue.” Cruwys says the social risk of retirement should be discussed and planned for as openly as the financial risks. There is a demonstrated connection between being financially strained, such as living on welfare or the pension, and an increased sense of isolation. “Staying connected costs money, so more financial aids should be provided, ” she says.Loneliness minister proposed to handle Australian social isolationIntroduction to the problem Ten percent of Australians are affected by social isolation, while a higher _71_ of them experience periods of emotional loneliness. With the Australian population _72_, rates of social isolation are expected to increase. The _73_ of the problem requires government to be involved in it. Fiona Patten has advised that Victoria introduce a minister for loneliness to handle the growing health problem.Causes of the problem Inconvenient _74_, a lack of support for community events and satellite suburbs all lead to loneliness. Everyone is most likely to feel lonely when their life changes from one state to another. Loneliness has more to do with the world where one is living than with _75_. Being financially strained is connected with an increased sense of being _76_ isolated._77_to the problem After _78_ with his friends again, ONeill does not feel lonely. Retirees will _79_ their life by joining a club to protect against the health risks of loneliness. Offering financial aids to retirees is another way to _80_ the risks of loneliness.【答案】71. proportion/percentage 72. aging 73. severity/seriousness 74. transport 75. oneself 76. socially 77. Solutions 78. connecting 79. extend/lengthen 80. reduce/lower/decrease【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了在澳大利亚，孤独成了一个社会问题。作者对于造成这一问题的原因进行了分析，并提出了解决方案。【71题详解】根据第一段Social isolation affects one in ten Australians, while one in six experience periods of emotional loneliness.（在澳大利亚，十分之一的人会受到社交孤立的影响，而六分之一的人会经历情感上的孤独。）可知这里意思是10%的澳大利亚人受到社会孤立的影响，而更大比例的人经历过情感孤独，所以该空填proportion/percentage。【72题详解】As the Australian population gets older, rates of social isolation are expected to increase.（随着澳大利亚人口的老龄化，社会孤立率预计会增加。）可知这里意思是随着澳大利亚人口老龄化，社会孤立率预计会增加，所以该空填aging。【73题详解】根据In Victoria, one political party thinks the problem is so severe it requires government involvement with it. （在维多利亚州，一个政党认为这个问题非常严重，需要政府介入。）可知这里意思是问题的严重性要求政府介入。该空作句子主语，用名词，所以填severity/seriousness。【74题详解】根据第三段Scarce public transport options（缺乏公共交通选择），可知交通不便是导致孤独的原因之一，所以该空填transport。【75题详解】根据第三段If you were someone who experienced loneliness during life transitions, that has less to do with you and much more to do with the world in which you are living.（如果你是一个在人生转变过程中经历孤独的人，这与你无关，而与你所生活的世界关系更大。）可知这里意思是孤独与一个人生活的世界的关系比与自己的关系更大，所以该空填oneself。【76题详解】根据最后一段There is a demonstrated connection between being financially strained, such as living on welfare or the pension, and an increased sense of isolation.（经济拮据(如靠福利或养老金生活)与日益增加的孤立感之间存在着明显的联系。）可知这里意思是经济紧张与社会孤立感的增加有关。该空修饰动词，用副词，所以填socially。【77题详解】表格后说明了应对孤独问题的解决方法，所以填Solutions。【78题详解】根据第四段Things improved when he moved back to Keilor in Melbournes northern suburbs and reconnected with friends he grew up with.（当他搬回墨尔本北部郊区的Keilor，并与一起长大的朋友重新建立联系时，情况有所好转。）可知这里意思是再次与朋友们联系后，ONeill不再感到孤独，介词之后，用v+ing形式，所以填connecting。【79题详解】根据倒数第二段 “If youre 65 and you retire and you just sort of potter around the house your chances of dying within six years are 12% thats an early death,” she says. “If you retire at 65 and you join one interest group . choir, knitting, woodworking, mens shed, anything, your chances of dying in that six years has reduced by half.”（ 她说:“如果你已经65岁了，退休了，在家里无所事事你在六年内死亡的几率是12%这是早逝。”“如果你65岁退休，加入一个兴趣小组唱诗班、编织、木工等等，在这六年里，你的死亡几率减少了一半。）可知这里意思是退休人员将通过加入一个俱乐部来延长自己的寿命，以抵御孤独带来的健康风险。情态动词之后，用动词原形，所以填extend/lengthen。【80题详解】根据There is a demonstrated connection between being financially strained, such as living on welfare or the pension, and an increased sense of isolation. “Staying connected costs money, so more financial aids should be provided, ” she says.（经济拮据与日益增加的孤立感之间存在着明显的联系。“保持联系需要钱，所以应该提供更多的财政援助，”她说。）可知这里意思是为退休人员提供经济援助是减少孤独风险的另一种方式。这里不定式作目的状语，所以填reduce/lower/decrease。C任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。Robert F. Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures everything except that which makes life worthwhile. With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed(有缺陷的) concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects.A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isnt the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a countrys success, the world looks very different.So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being instead of simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.Title: High GDP But _71_ Well-being, a UK LessonPassage outlineSupporting detailsDifferent opinions of GDPRobert F. Kennedy believed that everything was measured by a countrys GDP except _72_ made life worthwhile.Many people hold belief that GDP measures what is unimportant andmisses what _73_GDP as the measure of _74_ is widely defied in the UK.Despite the fact the Westem world has envied the UKs for its high GDP with high_75_ and high growth figures, over 17 million people vot