考研英语：2001翻译真题精练精讲.doc

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！考研英语：2001翻译真题精练精讲一、全真试题In less than30years time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brains nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments，allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.（71）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots，and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.（72）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips，computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools，relaxation will be in front of smell-television，and digital age will have arrived.According to BT s futurologist，Ian Pearson，these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1000years），when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.（73）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds or key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine，including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system，computers could pick up what we feel and，hopefully，simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments，rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”, he says.（74）But that，Pearson points out，is only the start of man-machine integration:” It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research，Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However，there are still no forecasts for when faster-that-light travel will be available，or when human cloning will be perfected，or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will，for example，cause problems in2010，while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.（75）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorderkitchen rage.二、翻译题解（71）Therewill betelevision chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitorsthatwill disablethem when they offend.句子拆分：拆分点参考：分词,标点符号，连词There will be television chat shows/ hosted by robots/, and cars with pollution monitors/ that will disable them/ when they offend.解析：1）主干结构是带双主语的存在句：There will be television chat shows., and cars.2）两个主语都带有定语：第一个主语television chat shows的定语是过去分词短语hosted by robots，第二个主语cars的定语是介词短语with pollution monitors。3）定语从句that will disable them修饰的先行词是pollution monitors，最后一个从句when they offend是定语从句中的状语从句。词的处理：television chat shows hosted by robots由机器人主持的电视谈话节目，重点词hosted主持cars with pollution monitors装有污染监控器的汽车disable them使汽车失灵（停止运行），them和they指代汽车offend多义词（汽车）污染超标，违规技巧点拨：1）there be句型表存在，所以通常可以翻译为“有，出现”。另外，主句部分是将来时，由于汉语动词不具有人称、时态等变化，需要用增词法的翻译技巧，增加“将，届时。”2）That will disable them :是定语从句，其先行词是pollution monitors（污染监控器）。首先这个定语从句后面有一个由when引导的时间状语从句，根据定语从句的翻译方法，可以放在后面直接翻译，但是需要重复先行词。其次，them指代的是上文的cars,可以翻译为“这些汽车”。最后谓语动词disable的基本意思是“使残废，使不能”。根据词义选择的翻译技巧，联系上下文的“监控器”和“这些汽车”，结合汉语习惯，就可以知道disable是“使这些汽车不能行使”。3）When they offend:是时间状语从句。首先，作主语的代词they指代上文的cars,可以翻译为“这些汽车”。其次，offend通常是“冒犯”的意思，但是，这里显然不能够翻译为“冒犯”，可以根据词义选择的翻译技巧来分析。Offend的上文是“这些汽车”，再联系下文思考:这些汽车冒犯了什么呢？显然是“这些汽车”冒犯了“污染监控器”。所以，offend就可以翻译为“汽车污染超标”。完整译文：届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标（违规），监控器就会使其停驶。（72）Childrenwill playwith dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalitieswill be regardedas workmates rather than tools, relaxationwill bein front of smell- television,anddigital agewill have arrived.句子拆分：拆分点参考：标点符号，并列连词Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, / computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, / relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.解析：1）主干结构是几个并列的简单句：Children will play with dolls., computers.will be regarded as., relaxation will be in front of., and digital age will have arrived.2）dolls带有过去分词短语equipped with personality chips做定语，computers的后置定语是介词短语with inbuilt personalities，personalities等于personality chips，宾语workmates rather than tools是并列结构，表示选择。词的处理：dolls equipped with personality chips装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃personality个性，性格computers with inbuilt personalities个性内置的计算机rather than而不是relaxation休闲、放松、娱乐、消遣smelltelevision气味电视机digital age数字化时代技巧点拨：1）will be regared as：根据翻译的方法，这个被动结构可以从用直接翻译为汉语的“被”字结构的方法来处理。2）relaxation will be in front of smell-television。其中relaxation是“休闲、放松”的意思。这样这个句子就可以翻译为“休闲将在气味电视前”，但是这个译文显然不符合汉语的表达习惯。由于relexation这个词在英语中是名词，可是“休闲，放松”在汉语中，更多是动词。所以根据翻译里词性转换的技巧，把relaxation翻译为汉语的动词，然后根据增词法的翻译技巧，增加一个表示泛指的主语“人们、大家”等。完整译文：儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字化时代就来到了。（73）Pearsonhas piecedtogether the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendarthatgivesthe latest dateswhenwecan expecthundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.句子拆分：拆分点参考：动词不定式，连词Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world, / to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates / when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.解析：1）主句是简单句，to produce是结果状语。2）calendar后面的that.是定语从句。3）后面的when引导的也是定语从句，不是时间状语。4）to take place作前面名词的定语。词的处理：Pearson皮尔森（人名音译）pieced together汇集；综合around the world世界各地，全世界produce编制a unique millennium technology calendar一个独特的技术千年历the latest dates最迟日期key breakthroughs重大突破，关键性突破技巧点拨：1）That gives the latest dates是that引导的定语从句，修饰calendar。首先，这个that引导的定语从句里面还有一个when引导的定语从句，修饰dates.根据定语从句的翻译方法，可以把这个that引导的定语从句直接翻译在其先行词后面，采用重复先行词，或用代词代替先行词的方法。2）when引导的定语从句可置于先行词dates之前进行翻译，而其中的动词不定式，to take place是“发生”的意思，它做定语修饰hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries。这样的定语从句可以翻译为“我们期望的将要发生的数百项重大突破和发现”。这个汉语译文显得有些累赘，“期望的”事情就是“将来的事情”。所以可以采取省略法的翻译技巧，把动词短语to take place省略不译。完整译文：皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。（74）But that, Pearson points out,isonly the start of man-machine integration: Itwill bethe beginning of the long process of integrationthatwill ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.句子拆分：拆分点参考：标点符号，连词But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: /It will be the beginning of the long process of integration / that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.解析：1）主干结构是that. is only the start of.系表结构2）beginning后面有多重定语：两个of短语和一个that will ultimately lead to定语从句。3）Pearson points out插入语，翻译时放在句首。4）在the long process of integration结构中，integration前省略了定语man-machine，翻译时要补出。5）lead to a fully electronic human动词和宾语之间意思省略，翻译时要加词词的处理：that代词作主语，指代上文的“breakthrough”a breakthrough突破，一定要译出the start of manmachine integration人机一体化的开始lead to引起出现，导致产生a fully electronic human完全电子化的仿真人，完全的电子人before the end of the next century在下世纪末之前技巧点拨：1）本句的第一个that要找对其正确的指代，通过返回原文，不难发现，that所指代的是breakthrough。2）本句第二个that引导定语从句，修饰前面的beginning。根据翻译的方法，可以直接翻译在先行词的后面。完整译文：皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。”（75）And home applianceswillalsobecomeso smartthatcontrolling and operating themwill resultin the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.句子拆分：拆分点参考：连词，介词短语And home appliances will also become so smart / that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout /of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.解析：句子主干结构是：home appliances will also become so smart that.，关键是找出so.that.：如此以至于（结果状语从句）。词的处理：home appliances家用电器smart聪明，智能化result in the breakout of引发，导致，出现psychological disorder心理混乱（失调）kitchen rage厨房狂燥症，厨房愤怒技巧点拨：1）smart在此翻译为“聪明”是正确的，但是不太符合汉语的习惯。根据词义选择的技巧，联系上下文的home applicance（家用电器），可以进一步调整为“智能化”。2）the breakout of a new psychological disorder其中，of a new a psychological disorder是介词短语，可以直接翻译为“一种新的心理疾病”。这个介词短语修饰breakout（爆发），所以组合的时候，可以放到breakout之前翻译。整合一下就是：新的心理疾病的爆发。这个汉语译文显得有些累赘，因为，“导致一种新的心理疾病”在语义上已经很通顺完整了。所以可以进一步调整为：一种新的心理疾病。3）kitchen rage是对psychological disorder的进一步解释。这里kitchen rage如果直接翻译为“厨房生气，厨房愤怒”的话是正确的，可以接受。其实联系上下文就知道，这里的kitchen rage是在解释psychological disorder（心理疾病），它既然是一种“心理疾病”，我们就可以根据汉语习惯进一步翻译为“厨房狂躁症”，说明它是一种疾病。完整译文：家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病-厨房狂燥症。三、参考译文再过不到30年“星球旅行”太空平台将成为现实。大脑