闽教小学英语五年级上册复习宝典语法.doc

闽教小学英语五年级上册复习宝典语法 一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet, tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写出下列各词的复数 I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _child_ photo _diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ water_ milk_ rice_ tea_ 二、人称代词 主格： I we you she he it they 宾格： me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词：mine ours yours hers his its theirs 三、可数词和不可数名词的复数形式 可数名词： 可数名词 + s 如：a book books 名词后有+y ，去 y+ ies 如：a storystories 名词后有 s, sh, ch 、 x ，就直接+ es 如：a glassglasses a watch-watches 名词后有 o +s 或者 +es 如： a pianopianos a mangomangoes -f or -fe - f or fe +ves a knife knives a shelf-shelves 不可数名词(单复数形式不变) bread, rice, water ,juice etc. 四. 缩略形式 Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he is ts = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt=is not 五、 a/an a book, a peach an egg an hour 六、介词 方位：on, in , in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind. 表示时间： at six oclock, at Christmas, at breakfast on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter 七、be 动词 (1)现在式: I + am/ you或复数名词（如books）+ are/ he 、she、it及单数名词+is 现在式的肯定否定句：am(not) are(not) is(not) 2、 过去式：was(not) were(not) was(not) 3、一般疑问句： Am I a Chnese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, .they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.八、一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。 肯定句： I go to school on foot every day. She goes to school on foot every day. 一般疑问句: Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I dont. Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 否定句： We dont go to school on Sundays. My mother doesnt like watching TV in the evening. 一般现在时基本用法介绍 【No. 1】一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的构成 1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如： He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如： - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如： - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 动词+s的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 一般现在时用法专练: 一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20.What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) _ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) _ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) _ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) _ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) _ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句) _ 五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _十、一般过去时 I.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生动作或存在状态。常和表示过去时间状语连用。如：last year, last week /just now /yesterday等； 也可表示过去经常反复发生动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。 例如：I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。 Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。 II. 一般过去时构成 我们主要来学习谓语动词为实义动词一般过去时构成。 动词过去式构成： (1)规则动词过去式构成有四条规则： 一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。 以不发音字母e结尾动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。 末尾只有一个辅音字母重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。 末尾是辅音字母+y结尾动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。 (2)不规则动词过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。 III. 一般过去时几种句型 肯定句结构为：主语+动词过去式+其它。如：He went to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天去玩具店了。 否定句结构为：主语+did not (didnt)+动词原形+其它。如：He didnt go to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天没去玩具店。 一般过去时一般疑问句构成：Did+主语动词原形其它？如：1) -Did you go to Beijing last week? -Yes, we did. (No, we didnt.) 2) -Did you meet the businessman before? -No, I didnt. (Yes, I did.) 一般过去时特殊疑问句构成：疑问词did+主语动词原形其它？如： 1) -What did you do last night? -I did my homework. 2) -Where did you go last week? -I went to Shanghai with my parents. 一般过去时口诀 一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。 动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。 否定句很简单，didnt 站在动词原形前，其它部分不要变。 一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。 特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。 最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记。 一般过去时的练习 I. 用所给的动词的适当形式填空。 He _(visit) the Great Wall last year. 2.We_(have) a good time yesterday. 3.We often _(go) to school by bus last year. 4.I _(live)in the village when I was a child. 5.Mike_(see) a big tiger in the nature park last year. 6.Sam_ (do) the housework yesterday. 7._(do) you _(enjoy) yourself yesterday? 8._(do)you _(play)the violin in the afternoon yesterday?No, I didnt. I_(draw)some pictures there. 9. I _ (eat) a big pizza yesterday. 10.There_ (be) many sheep on the farm last year. 11. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 12. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 13. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go) 14. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 15. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. II.选择填空 1. She watered the flowers _. A tomorrow B sometimes C yesterday morning 2.What _ Mike do last weekend ? A do B does C did 3. I _ my room last Sunday. A cleaned B clean C am cleaning 句型总汇 1.Were you in the supermarket/bookstore/fruit store/toy store/park just now？（刚才你在超市/书店/水果店/玩具店/公园吗？） Yes，I was./No，I wasnt. 2. Where did you go yesterday？（昨天你去了哪里？） 3. I went to the supermarket/bookstore/fruit store/toy store/park.（我去了超市/书店/水果店/玩具店/公园。） 4. I bought a schoolbag/a pencil-case/a ruler.（我买了一个书包/铅笔盒/一把尺子。） 5. Did you have a good time？（你过得开心吗？）Yes ，I did./No ，I did nt. 6. I visited Big Ben/the Great Wall. （我参观了大本钟/长城。） I had a good time.（我过得很开心。） 7. We played basketball/the piano. （我们打了篮球/弹了钢琴。） I did my homework. （我做了作业。） I took some photos of the penguins.（我拍了一些企鹅的照片。） I swam in the sea.（我在海里游泳。） 8. Where are you/is he /are they from？ Im/Hes/Theyre from China/Australia/England/the USA.（我/他/他们来自中国/澳大利亚/英国/美国。） 9. We saw pandas/kangaroos/penguins. （我们看到了熊猫/袋鼠/企鹅。） We ate some bananas on our way home.（我们在回家的路上吃了一些香蕉。） 10. （电话用语）Hello.This is Sally（speaking）.（我是Sally。） May I speak to Peter？（我可以找Peter 接电话吗？）Speaking .（请讲。）Hold on ，please. （请别挂线。） Its from Sally. （Sally打来的。） 11. Its Mid-Autumn Day tomorrow. （明天是中秋节。） It was Mid-Autumn Day yesterday.（昨天是中秋节。） 12. （问路）Excuse me ，Sir/Madam. Where is the zoo/park/bank/library/train station/bus stop？（动物园/公园/银行/图书馆/火车站/公共汽车停靠站在哪里？） How can I get to the zoo/park/bank/library/train station/bus stop？（我怎样才能到动物园/公园/银行/图书馆/火车站/公共汽车停靠站） Turn left /right.（向左/右转。） Go straight.（一直向前走。） Its on the left/right.（它在左/右边。） Its far away. （很远。） You can take a bus.（你可以搭公共汽车。）Which bus can I take？Bus No.51. /Sorry ，I dont know. You can ask the policeman.（你可以问警察。） Thank you all the same.Youre welcome. 13. What day is it today? （今天是星期几？） Its Sunday /Monday/Tuesday /Wednesday / Thursday / Friday day / Saturday . What do you have on Wednesdays? （你们星期三上什么课？） We have English, science, computer and P.E. 14. What would you like for breakfast/lunch/dinner ? （你早/午/晚餐想要吃什么？） Id like some tomatoes and rice. 15. What do you have for breakfast/lunch/dinner today? I have（吃） eggs and tomatoes. 16. Whats your favourite food/month/holiday? （你最喜欢的食物/月份/节日是什么？） Fish/Bamboo/Grass. （鱼/竹子/草。） January/February/March/April/May/June/July/August/September/October/November/December. Spring Festival/Christmas/New Years Day/May Day/Army Day.（春节/圣诞节/新年/五一节/建军节。） When is it ？（何时？）Its in January or February/ December/ January/ May/ August. When is your birthday？（生日在何时？） Its in May./ How is the weather in spring？（春天天气怎样？） Its warm in March，April and May. （在三、四、五月天气暖和。） How is the weather in summer？（夏天天气怎样？）Its hot in June，July and August. （在六、七、八月天气炎热。） How is the weather in fall？（秋天天气怎样？） Its hot in September. Its cool in October and November. （在九月天气炎热。在十月和十一月凉爽。） How is the weather in winter？（冬天天气怎样？） Its not too cold in December. （在十二月不很冷。） Its very cold in January and February.（在一月和二月非常冷。） 短语总汇 1. in the supermarket/bookstore/fruit store/toy store/park（在超市/书店/水果店/玩具店/公园） 2. be at home（在家里） 3 .have a good time 过得开心 4. in England 在国家 5. play basketball/the piano. 打篮球/弹钢琴 6. do ones homework. 做作业 take some photos of the+复数名词 （如 penguins）（拍 一些企鹅的照片。）.或者拍