Unit3 FoodFight

Unit3FoodFight RelatedInformation AbouttheAuthorJeffreyKlugerisaseniorwriteratTimemagazine coveringscienceingeneralandthespaceprograminparticular Heisthecoauthor alongwithastronautJimLovell ofLostMoon thebookthatservedasthebasisofthe1995movie Apollo13 Heisthesoleauthorofasecondbook TheApolloAdventure thataccompaniedthereleaseofthemovie andheiscurrentlywritinganewbookforSimon Schusterabouttheunmannedspaceprogramandtheexplorationofthesolarsystem BeforecomingtoTime KlugerworkedforDiscovermagazine wherehewrotetheLightElementshumorcolumn Priortothat hewashealtheditoratFamilyCirclemagazine storyeditoratTheNewYorkTimesBusinessWorldMagazine andAssociateEditoratScienceDigestmagazine Hisfeaturesandcolumnshaveappearedindozensofpublications includingTheNewYorkTimesMagazine Gentlemen sQuarterly TheWallStreetJournal Cosmopolitan Omni McCall s NewYorkMagazine TheNewYorkPost Newsday and ofcourse Time HeisanadjunctinstructorinthegraduatejournalismprogramatNewYorkUniversityandalicensed thoughnon practicing AboutMonsantoMonsantowasfirstestablishedin1901anddevelopedintoagiantbusinessenterpriseoverthepast100years In2001MonsantoannouncesthatallofitsU S seedproductionsitesanditsquality assurancelaboratoryhavereceivedregistrationtotheInternationalOrganizationofStandardization ISO 9002certification Forty threecompanyscientistsjointheranksofMonsantoFellows expandingthescientificrecognitionprogramtoincludescientistsfromMonsanto sBiotechnology Breeding Genomics MolecularBreedingandRegulatoryorganizations ThetotalnumberofScienceFellowsisnow70 PreviewQuestions 1 Whataregenes 2 Whataregeneticallymodifiedfoods 3 Whatarethedifferencesbetweengeneticmodificationandtraditionalbreeding 4 WhataretheexamplesofGMcrops foods 5 ListthepotentialBenefitsofGMFoods 6 WhataretheconcernsoverGMfoods cropsofgreenandconsumergroups GenesaremadeofDNA DeoxyriboseNucleicAcid Ageneisaunitofhereditarymaterial whichcarriestheinformationtoproduceproteinthatdeterminesthecharacteristicsofanorganism Plantsandanimalsfromwhichfoodsarederivedhavethousandsofgenesintheircells Centuriesagofarmersmadeuseofvariousbreedingmethodstoproducegrainsandplantswhichwerebigger tastieroreasiertogrow Nowadaysscientistsarelearningtoidentifyandmodifygenescontrollingspecificcharacteristicsthroughthedevelopmentofmodernbiotechnology Withthehelpofbiotechnologygenescanbemoreselectivelyandpreciselyinactivatedortransferredfromoneorganismtoanothertoproduceso calledgeneticallymodifiedorganisms Anyfoodderivedfromthiswayisputundertheumbrellaofthenamegeneticallymodifiedfoods orGMfoods Putinasimpleway GMfoodsaremadefromcropsandvegetablesgeneticallychangedbyscientists Bothgeneticmodificationandtraditionalbreedinginvolvealteringthegeneticmake uplivingorganismsoastoproducethedesiredtraits However thetwotechniqueshavethefollowingdifferences Geneticmodification1 isolationandtransferofwelldefinedgene2 introductionofdesiredgenesacrossthespeciesbarrier3 fasterandlesscostly4 desiredchangescanbeachievedinonegenerationTraditionalbreeding1 crossingofthousandsofgenesatonetime2 genetransferusuallywithinspecies3 moretimeconsumingintheprocessofobservationandnaturalselectiontoachievethedesiredcharacteristics GMfoodsavailableonthemarketcameinmanyforms Somearewholefoodslikecrops butmostareprocessedfoods ThecharacteristicsoftheGMfoodscurrentlyavailableonthemarketaresimilartotheirtraditionalcounterparts excepttheyhavetheadvantagesofbeingmoreresistanttoherbicidesorinsects Lowerwastagerate etc SomeexamplesofGMfoodsare CropGMtraitCommonfoodproductsCornInsectresistancecornoil flour SugarorsyrupTomatoDelaysofteningoftissuetomatopuree tomatojuice etc 1 Increasecropsoutput2 Increasethetoleranceofcropstoadversegrowingconditions e g drought3 Improvethenutrientcompositionofcrops e g increasetheproteincontentofrice4 Provideresistancetocroppestsandreducetheuseofpesticides5 Improvesensoryattributesoffood e g flavor testure6 Improveprocessingcharacteristicssoastoreducewastageandcosts7 Eliminateallergy causingpropertiesinsomefoods 1 unintendedmodificationofsimilarspeciesintheneighbouringfieldsduetocrosspollination2 disturbingthebalanceofecosystems3 developmentofsuperpests4 somepeoplemayworryabouteatingfoodcontaininggenesfromsomethingtheywouldnoteatforreligious healthorotherreasons I Title Itreferstoafightagainst geneticallymodifiedfood GMF esp betweenE U theEuropeanUnion andU S theUnitedStates GeneticallyModifiedFood GMF Foodmadebyreweavingthegenesofcountlessfruitsandvegetablesorbytakingagenefromoneplantoranimal puttingitinanother转基因食品 是利用现代分子生物技术 将某些生物的基因转移到其他物种中去 改造生物的遗传物质 使其在形状 营养品质 消费品质等方面向人们所需要的目标转变 以转基因生物为直接食品或为原料加工生产的食品就是 转基因食品 WhatisthefirstGMFproducedinAmerica whendiditappear GMtomatoproducedbyMonsantoCompanyfirstappearedinAmericain1994 WhatisthefirstGMFproducedinChinaandwhendiditappear GMriceproducedbyYuanLongping whoisconsideredtobethefatherofrice firstappearedinChinain1999 TheglobaldistributionofGMfood BooksaboutGMF II Author JeffreyKlugerisaseniorwriteratTimemagazine coveringscienceingeneralandthespaceprograminparticularandauthorofseveralbooksonsciencetopicsincludingSplendidSolution JonasSalkandtheConquestofPolio Simplexity JourneyBeyondSelene andLostMoon ThePerilousVoyageofApollo13 whichservedasthebasisofthe1995movie Apollo13 III StructureoftheText PartI para 1 2 protestagainsttheMcDonald sfoodinFranceandreasonsPartII para 3 7 PopularityofGMfoodandcausesPartIII para 8 14 BadeffectsofGMfood foodfightbetweenE U U S PartIV lastpara Conclusion Consumers attitudesdeterminethepopularityoftheGMfood IV TextAnalysis engineer vt arrangebycleversecretplanning精明地处理consume eatordrinkskeptical doubting distrustfulprotest saysth againstfolks peopleingeneral McDonald s McDonald s theworld sbiggestrestaurantchainisasymbolofAmericanculture Why ItstandsfortwoofAmericanculturalvalues competition efficiency Willyoupleasesaysth aboutMcDonald s Afast foodhamburgerrestaurantfoundedinCaliforniainthe1950sbyMacandDickMcDonald In1954 entrepreneurRayKrocmadeadealwiththebrotherstosellfranchises 特许经销权 andin1960paidthem 2 7millionforallthetrademarks copyrights andsecrets TodayMcDonaldshasover8 000storesacrosstheU S andover11 000franchisesworldwide Ithasbecomethelargestminimum wageemployerinAmericaanditownsmorerealestatethananyothercompanyonearth Therestaurant smascot 吉祥物 RonaldMcDonald introducedin1966 isnowrecognizedby96percentofallAmericanshoolchildren secondonlytoSantaClaus Itslogo apairofgoldenarcheshasalsohelpedtoestablishtherestaurantasauniversalbusiness McDonald shasusedmanyslogansovertheyears themostsuccessfulonewas YouDeserveaBreakToday 1970 74 Thecompany smenuhasexpandedovertheyears butthegeneralphilosophyofprovidinguniformqualityandquickservicehasremainedthesame McDonald shassoldover100billionburgers 麦当劳 50年代末由麦克 麦当劳和迪克 麦当劳创办于加利福尼亚洲的一家汉堡包快餐店 1954年 企业家雷 克罗克与两兄弟作了一笔交易 卖给他开设专卖店的特权 1960年 他付给两兄弟270万美元 买下了所有商标 版权和秘方 今天 麦当劳在美国有超过8 000家餐馆 在全世界有超过11 000家专卖店 它已成为美国最大的低工资雇主 它拥有比地球上任何其他公司更多的不动产 餐馆的吉祥人物罗纳德 麦当劳是1966年开始启用的 现在 美国中小学的孩子们有96 都认识他 仅次于圣诞老人 它的标志 即一对金色的拱门 也有助于它成为一家世界性的企业 麦当劳多年来用过许多广告语 其中最成功的是 你今天应该得到休息 1970 1974 该公司的菜单逐年扩大 但保证始终如一的质量和快速的服务这两项宗旨则没有改变 麦当劳已售出超过1000亿份汉堡包 manure animalwasteorothermaterial 肥料粪便naturalorartificialspreadoverormixedwiththesoiltomakeitfertilemountain fig sth immense巨大之物amountainofdebts债台高筑amountainofdifficulties困难重重Thewavesweremountainhigh veryhigh blandness offood nothurtingthestomach withoutmuchtaste 食物 清淡hegemony leadership霸权主义genteel polite well bred有教养的 WhydidFrenchfarmersprotestagainstMcDonald s BecausetheydislikedtheuniquelyAmericanfood esp theverygenesthatmaketheMcDonald sbeeforbunorpotatowhatitis itssameness itsblandness andtheculinaryhegemonyitrepresents Whydopeoplearoundtheworldgrowuneasywithwhattheyeat BecauseGMFhasbecomeanincreasingcommonphenomenon peopleworryalotaboutthesafetyofthiskindoffood make up fig composition成分modify makechangesin makedifferentreweave puttogether编排clear getpastoroverwithouttouching通过而未触及Sotomayor theCubanholderoftheworldhighjumprecord cleared2 36metres 古巴的世界跳高纪录保持者索托马约尔跳过了2 36米 biotechnics 应用生物学boom suddenincreaseintradeactivityesp atimewhenmoneyisbeingmadequickly商业之突然繁荣 尤指可迅速发财的商业繁荣时期 WhydidtheriseofGMtechnologymeanboomtimesforbiotechcompanies BecausebiotechcompaniesmadegreatbenefitsbytheproductionofGMfood fallible liabletoerrormucksth about aroundwith spoilsth byinterferingwithitSomeonehasbeenmuckingaboutwithmybicycle Thepresident swifedoesn tmuckaroundwithpolicyorsitinonCabinetmeetings 总统夫人既没有乱干预政策 也没有列席内阁会议 windup arriveorendupinaspecifiedstate situation orplace最终落得 以 告终KevinwoundupinNewYork EuropeanUnion欧盟 Sinceitscreationbysixfoundingmembersin1952 theEuropeanUnionhasattractedaconstantstreamofnewcomers culminating 达到极点 initshistoricexpansionfrom15to27in2004and2007 whichunitedacontinentsplitbytheColdWarfor45years AnyEuropeancountrycanjoin providedithasastabledemocracythatguaranteestheruleoflaw humanrightsandtheprotectionofminorities ItmustalsohaveafunctioningmarketeconomyandacivilservicecapableofapplyingEUlawsinpractice EUmembersandwhentheyjoined 1952Belgium France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands1973Denmark Ireland UnitedKingdom1981Greece1986Portugal Spain1995Austria Finland Sweden2004Cyprus CzechRepublic Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Malta Poland Slovakia Slovenia2007Bulgaria Romania MembersofE U 27 ThesymbolsofEU TheEuropeanFlag ItisthesymbolnotonlyoftheEuropeanUnionbutalsoofEurope sunityandidentityinawidersense Thecircleof12goldstarssymbolizetheidealsofunity solidarityandharmonyamongthepeoplesofEurope ThenumberofstarshasnothingtodowiththenumberofMemberStates Therearetwelvestarsbecausethenumbertwelveistraditionallythesymbolofperfection completenessandunity TheEuropeananthem 盟歌 In1972 theCouncilofEuropeadoptedtheNinthSymphony OdetoJoy 欢乐颂 theme composedin1823byBeethoven asitsownanthem Withoutwords intheuniversallanguageofmusic thisanthemexpressestheidealsoffreedom peaceandsolidarityforwhichEuropestands EuropeDay 欧洲日 Onthe9thofMay1950 RobertSchumanpresentedhisproposalonthecreationofanorganisedEurope indispensabletothemaintenanceofpeacefulrelations Thisproposal knownasthe Schumandeclaration isconsideredtobethebeginningofthecreationofwhatisnowtheEuropeanUnion Today the9thofMayhasbecomeaEuropeansymbol EuropeDay which alongwiththeflag theanthem themottoandthesinglecurrency theeuro identifiesthepoliticalentityoftheEuropeanUnion EuropeDayistheoccasionforactivitiesandfestivitiesthatbringEuropeclosertoitscitizensandpeoplesoftheUnionclosertooneanother themotto 铭言 oftheEuropeanUnion Unitedindiversity 多元一体 isthemottooftheEuropeanUnion Themottomeansthat viatheEU Europeansareunitedinworkingtogetherforpeaceandprosperity andthatthemanydifferentcultures traditionsandlanguagesinEuropeareapositiveasset 资产 财产 forthecontinent Theeuro 欧元 自2002年起欧盟部份国家的货币单位 isprobablytheEU smosttangibleachievement Thesinglecurrencyissharedby16countries 2009 representingovertwothirdsoftheEUpopulation Otherswillfollowoncetheireconomiesareready TheEUcountriesusingtheeuro Austria Belgium Cyprus 塞浦路斯 Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Malta theNetherlands Portugal Slovakia 斯洛伐克 Slovenia 斯洛文尼亚 andSpain DNA deoxyribonucleicacid脱氧核糖核酸 theacidwhichcarriesgeneticinformationinacell 通过基因控制而得到的 杂交品种tweak actofpinching twisting用力扯 拧address thinkaboutandbegintodealwithanissueorproblemAfundamentalproblemhasstilltobeaddressed observe saybywayofcomment评述 论 stumbleacross on upon findorencounterbychancePolicehadstumbledacrossagangofyouths portend beasignorwarningof afutureevent 预示controversy prolongedargument esp oversocial moral politicalmatters长期的争论dreamup thinkoforimagine sth unusualorsurprising 凭空想出 构思make be ahit bepopularorsuccessfulsoupsth up increasethepowerofefficiency makesomethingmoreelaborateorimpressive Whysuchsooped upplantsareunderstandablypopularwithfarmers Becauseevenaslightincreaseinyieldcanmeanabigincreaseinprofits threads componentsboost increasechurnout produceamino acid 氨基酸Monarchbutterfly 昆 黑脉金斑蝶jumpy apprehensive忧惧的dioxin 化 二氧芑 qi contaminate makedirty impure diseased bytouchingoraddingsth impure 染污 Benelux Benelux BeneluxEconomicUnion 1948年签约成立的 比荷卢经济联盟BeneluxEconomicUnionEuropeanCommunityEuropeanUnion fussy fastidious worryingaboutlittlethingsban orderwithauthoritythatsth mustnotbedone said下令禁止move sth tobe donetoachieveapurpose步骤besweeton colloq veryfondof inlovewith极喜爱 爱上perch besituated onsth high 位 于高处 lofty ofgreatheightmire involveindifficultties陷入困境 WallStreet WallStreet isthebankingcenterofNewYorkCityandthefinancialcentreofAmerica NewYorkStockExchange 纽约证券交易所 issituatedonthisstreet ThestatueofthecopperbullinfrontoftheNewYorkStockExchangesymbolizesbullmarket Bullmarketandbearmarket Whenpeoplebuystock theybecomepart ownersofthecompany Ifthecompanymakesaprofit theyreceiveashareofit knownasthedividend 红利 股息 Ifthecompanylosesmoney thestock holderswillnotreceivedividendsandthevalueoftheirshareswilldrop Ifthathappens stockholderslosemoney Theterm bullmarket meanssharepricesareontheris