北美本科直通车测试题阅读精简版.doc

直通车测试题阅读部分的考试时间30分钟，总分19分，共18题。第1-17题每题1分，第18题为多选题分值为2分（3个选项都选对得两分，选对2个答案和选对1个答案均不得分）。 Joyce Carol OatesJoyce Carol Oates published her first collection of short stories. By The Gate, in 1963, two years after she had received her masters degree from the University of Wisconsin and become an instructor of English at the University of Detroit. Her productivity since then has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays, and literary criticism. In the meantime, she has continued to teach, moving in 1967 from the University of Detroit to the University of Windsor, in Ontario, and, in 1978, to Princeton University. Reviewers have admired her enormous energy, but find a productivity of such magnitude difficult to assess.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction. Hers is a world of violence, insanity, fractured love, and hopeless loneliness. Although some of it appears to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her first novel, With Shuddering Fall(1964), dealt with stock car racing, though she had never seen a race. IN Them(1969) she focused on Detroit from the Depression through the notes of 1967, drawing much of her material from the deep impression made on her by the problems of one of her students. Whatever the source and however shocking the events or the motivations, however, her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day.1.What is the main purpose of the passage?(A)To review Oatess By the North Gate(B)To compare some modern writers(C)To describe Oatess childhood(D)To outline Oatess careerParagraph 1Joyce Carol Oates published her first collection of short stories. By The Gate, in 1963, two years after she had received her masters degree from the University of Wisconsin and become an instructor of English at the University of Detroit. Her productivity since then has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays, and literary criticism. In the meantime, she has continued to teach, moving in 1967 from the University of Detroit to the University of Windsor, in Ontario, and, in 1978, to Princeton University. Reviewers have admired her enormous energy, but find a productivity of such magnitude difficult to assess.2.Which of the following does the passage indicate about Joyce Carol Qates first publication?(A)It was part of her masters thesis.(B)It was a volume of short fiction.(C)It was not successful.(D)It was about an English instructor in Detroit.3.Which of the following does the passage suggest about Joyce Carol Oates in terms of her writing career?(A)She has experienced long nonproductive periods in her writing.(B)Her style is imitative of other contemporary authors(C)She has produced a surprising amount of fictions in a relative short time.(D)Most of her work is based on personal experience.Paragraph 2In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction. Hers is a world of violence, insanity, fractured love, and hopeless loneliness. Although some of it appears to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her first novel, With Shuddering Fall(1964), dealt with stock car racing, though she had never seen a race. IN Them(1969) she focused on Detroit from the Depression through the notes of 1967, drawing much of her material from the deep impression made on her by the problems of one of her students. Whatever the source and however shocking the events or the motivations, however, her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day.4.The word characterized in line 10 can best replaced by which of the following?(A)Shocked(B)Impressed(C)Distinguished(D)Helped5.Why does the author mention Oatess book Them?(A)It is a typical novel of the 1960s(B)It is her best piece of nonfiction.(C)It is a fictional work based on the experiences of another person.(D)It is an autobiography.6.Which of the following would Joyce Carol Oates be most likely to write?(A)A story with an unhappy ending(B)A romancer novel set in the nineteenth century(C)A science fiction novel(D)A dialogue for a talk show Early History of the TelegraphAs properties of electricity became better understood in the early nineteenth century, and as it became easier and easier to manipulate, American and European scientists alike experimented with various devices for sending messages as electric signals over wire. Although the first electrical telegraph was created, patented and put into use in the United Kingdom in 1873, a second, and much more effective, electrical telegraph was independently developed in the United States during the same period. Patented by Samuel Morse, and thus named the Morse code, it was this second American version that was quickly deployed across the globe over the next two decades.Though Morse claimed most of the recognition for this innovative device, in actuality it was made possible through the collaborative effort of several great thinkers of the time. In 1830, another American-Joseph first demonstrated the potential of using electricity as a communications medium when he sent a electric current over one mile of wire to activate an electromagnet, which caused a bell to strike. Morses modifications successfully transformed Henrys invention into a commercially exploitable technology ,Morse used pulses of current to deflect an electromagnet, which moved a marker to prototype in 1837, he was unable to send messages over long distances; the current could only be made to travel for 40 feet. However, after applying some of the specifications Joseph Henry had outlined some years before, he was able to transmit messages through ten miles of wire. Thus the problem of distance had seemingly been overcome.Much to the dismay of Morse, his potentially ground-breaking invention was unappreciated by a short-sighted American public. Only after five years of insistent persuasion did Morse succeed in procuring government funding by convincing Congress of the revolutionary potential of the telegraph. In 1838, Congress approved $30000 to construct an experiment telegraph line from Washington D.C. to Baltimore, a distance of forty miles. Upon completion of this line, Morse provided Congress and the American public with a demonstration by transmitting the words “What hath God wrought?”from Washington to Baltimore. Even more to the dismay of Morse, Congress was unmoved by this success and they were unwilling to devote public funding to further the development of the telegraph. Samuel Morse and his associates had no alternative but to obtain private funding for the extension of their line to Philadelphia and New York.Private enterprise did not wait for public sanction to move forward and capitalize on the new technology. Telegraph businesses were established in the East, South, and Midwest. Dispatching trains by telegraph started in 1851, the same year Western union began operations. Western Union set up the first transcontinental telegraph line in 1861. Thereafter, the network was extended with remarkable speed. And the system evolved as it expanded. The original Morse telegraph was printed code on tape, however, it soon became common practice to send by key and receive by ear. A trained telegraph operator could transmit 40 to 50 words per minute. The telegraph monopolized long distance communication for almost twenty years, at which point a rival technology was developed that would once again change the face of communication-the telephone.Even with this new competitor forcing its way onto the scene, the telegraph held its place as an essential communication tool. In fact, the competition pushed the telegraph to new levels of efficiency. In 1892, Edison received a patent for a two-way telegraph to transmit and receive simultaneously. Soon after, multiplexing allowed for the telegraph to transmit up to eight messages over a single wire, thus increasing the efficiency and strengthening the competitive edge of the telegraph, These improvements not only meant that the amount of information relayed could bi increased, but more importantly, that the cost of sending messages was also significantly decreased. This evolutionary advancement allowed the private good despite the challenge posed by emerging new technologies.Paragraph 1As properties of electricity became better understood in the early nineteenth century, and as it became easier and easier to manipulate, American and European scientists alike experimented with various devices for sending messages as electric signals over wire. Although the first electrical telegraph was created, patented and put into use in the United Kingdom in 1873, a second, and much more effective, electrical telegraph was independently developed in the United States during the same period. Patented by Samuel Morse, and thus named the Morse code, it was this second American version that was quickly deployed across the globe over the next two decades.7. This passage focuses many on what aspect of electricity?A. Problems associated with using long wires to conduct electric currents.B. Its use as a medium for telecommunicationC. Adapting electrical lines as phone linesD. Using electrical lines to provide areas with power8. The word deployed in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _A. Positioned B. PlannedC. Tested D. OperatedParagraph 2Though Morse claimed most of the recognition for this innovative device, in actuality it was made possible through the collaborative effort of several great thinkers of the time. In 1830, another American-Joseph first demonstrated the potential of using electricity as a communications medium when he sent a electric current over one mile of wire to activate an electromagnet, which caused a bell to strike. Morses modifications successfully transformed Henrys invention into a commercially exploitable technology ,Morse used pulses of current to deflect an electromagnet, which moved a marker to prototype in 1837, he was unable to send messages over long distances; the current could only be made to travel for 40 feet. However, after applying some of the specifications Joseph Henry had outlined some years before, he was able to transmit messages through ten miles of wire. Thus the problem of distance had seemingly been overcome.9. According to the passage, why was Morses prototype telegraph inadequate?A. It could not send complex messages B. It was very time consuming to useC. It could not be used over long distancesD. It would quickly become obsoleteParagraph 3Much to the dismay of Morse, his potentially ground-breaking invention was unappreciated by a short-sighted American public. Only after five years of insistent persuasion did Morse succeed in procuring government funding by convincing Congress of the revolutionary potential of the telegraph. In 1838, Congress approved $30000 to construct an experiment telegraph line from Washington D.C. to Baltimore, a distance of forty miles. Upon completion of this line, Morse provided Congress and the American public with a demonstration by transmitting the words “What hath God wrought?”from Washington to Baltimore. Even more to the dismay of Morse, Congress was unmoved by this success and they were unwilling to devote public funding to further the development of the telegraph. Samuel Morse and his associates had no alternative but to obtain private funding for the extension of their line to Philadelphia and New York.10. According to the passage, why did Morse have to get private support for the telegraph?A. The government failed to see the potential of this deviceB. The amount of money Morse needed kept increasingC. The government would not allow him to do a demonstrationD. The public misunderstood the purpose of the device11. According to the paragraph 3, how did Morse try to convince Congress to fund further development of the telegraph?A. He explained how strong of the need was for his projectB. He demonstrated the capabilityC. He modified his invention to comply with government regulationsD. He reduced the amount of funding requested12. The word dismay in the passage is closest in meaning to_A. Disappointment B. Indifference C. InabilityD. EncouragementParagraph 4Private enterprise did not wait for public sanction to move forward and capitalize on the new technology.(A)Telegraph businesses were established in the East, South, and Midwest. Dispatching trains by telegraph started in 1851, the same year Western union began operations. (B)Western Union set up the first transcontinental telegraph line in 1861. (C) Thereafter, the network was extended with remarkable speed. And the system evolved as it expanded. (D) The original Morse telegraph was printed code on tape, however, it soon became common practice to send by key and receive by ear. A trained telegraph operator could transmit 40 to 50 words per minute. The telegraph monopolized long distance communication for almost twenty years, at which point a rival technology was developed that would once again change the face of communication-the telephone.13. The word sanction in the passage is closest in meaning to A. Awareness B. SupportC. OppositionD Ambivalence14. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. Twenty years after the telegraphy was developed, the telephone was invented and effectively made the former obsoleteB. The telegraph dominated the communication industry for a significant period of time and led to the development of the telephonethe next step in long distance communicationC. After dominating communications technology for two decades, the telegraph was succeeded by the telephone, which would further revolutionize telecommunications.D. The telephone was a revolutionary piece of modern technology that would not have been possible had it not been for the telegraph.15.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.As is often the case smaller, regional companies showed the greatest flexibility and initiative.Where would the sentence best fit? Select the correct choice .A. B. C. D. Paragraph 5Even with this new competitor forcing its way onto the scene, the telegraph held its place as an essential communication tool. In fact, the competition pushed the telegraph to new levels of efficiency. In 1892, Edison received a patent for a two-way telegraph to transmit and receive simultaneously. Soon after, multiplexing allowed for the telegraph to transmit up to eight messages over a single wire, thus increasing the efficiency and strengthening the competitive edge of the telegraph, These improvements not only meant that the amount of information relayed could bi increased, but more importantly, that the cost of sending messages was also significantly decreased. This evolutionary advancement allowed the pr