定语从句要点背诵.doc

定语从句要点背诵一.名词概念 1定语从句：复合句中，修饰或某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的的从句叫做定语从句。一般紧跟在它所修饰的词后面。 2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰、限定的词，称为先行词。 3. 关系词：先行词在定语从句中不重复出现，而使用关系词引导定语从句。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等二. 关系词在定语从句的用法 that 指代人或物， 充当主语或宾语，充当宾语时可省略。 which 指代物， 充当主语或宾语，充当宾语时可省略。 who 指代人， 充当主语或宾语，充当宾语时可省略。 whom指代人， 只能充当宾语，充当宾语时可省略。 whose指代人或物，充当定语。 Whose cover或 whose father as指代人或物， 充当主语或宾语， so/such as(定语从句)/that(结果状语从句） The baby is so lovely as I want to hug. The baby is so lovely that I want to hug her.(如此.以至于) as常和the same ,such, so ,as 等连用。 Take as many books as you can. Dont read such books as you cant understand. Its so pleasant a film as I have ever seen. Ill buy the same dictionary as you have. the same .as (同名异物) the same .that （同名同物）试比较：This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.(是2本书 ) This is the same book that I lent you yesterday.（是同一本书） whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替：whose + n = the + n + of which = of which + the + n 关系副词=介词+which，两者可相互替换 why =for which (先行词先行词) where =in/at/on which (place , house, city, country, world) when =during/in/at/on which (time ,moment, day, season, year)三.关系词有三个作用1、引导定语从句; 2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。四.下列情况只用that而不用which （要求背诵）（1）当先行词是all,anything, everything, nothing , none,much,little，(something除外)等不定代词时；（2）当先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰；（3）先行词是序数词或最高级时或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；（4）行词中既有人又有物时；（5）先行词被the only ,the very, the last 等修饰时;（6）疑问词who, which开头的特殊疑问句中，为了避免重复只用that；（7）定语从句中作表语时。五.先行词+that= whatHe is no longer the boy that he used to be. Ill tell you all that he told me.= He is no longer what he used to be. = Ill tell you what he told me.他不再是过去的那个男孩了。 我会告诉他所告诉我的一切。六. 介词提前，只可使用“介词+which/whom”结构, 且which和whom 不能省略。 根据先行词选用关系代词，whom指人 which指物。不能出现“介词+that” The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone, Do you see the red house in front of which there is a big tree?固定的短语不能拆开：如look for ,look after, look forward to ,take care of This is person who/whom/that you are looking for. 这是你在找的人。This is the very person that you are looking for. 这正是你在找的人。七. 先行词way在定语从句中作方式状语，后用 that或in which , 且可以省略。 I dont like the way (that/in which) you treat your father。我不喜欢你对待父亲的方式。 先行词way在定语从句中作主语或宾语，后用 that或which , 且可以省略。This is the way (that/which) he thought of to solve the problem.这是他想到解决问题的方式。八. 介词+whose+名词1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering. = Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, whose effects the people are still suffering from. 上个月，东南亚部分地区受到洪水袭击，人们仍然遭受洪水带来的影响。2. The manager whose company Im working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. =The manager in whose company Im working pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 我就职的那家公司经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。九. 1. I still remember the days when/on which we stayed together in Beijing. 2. I still remember the days (which/that) we spent together in Beijing. 3. That blue house is the place where/ in which I lived yesterday. 4. That blue house is the place (which/that) I visited yesterday. 5. Do you know the reason why/for which he was late this morning? 6. Do you know the reason (which/that) he gave for his being late? 十. 当先行词是case, condition, situation, position, point, stage等表示情况，方面，处境的名词，且在定语从句中充当状语时，用关系副词where，表示抽象的地点。1.Ill show you the point where you fail. 2. His wife got seriously ill, in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.= His wife got seriously ill, and in that case he had to give up the chance of going abroad. 他的妻子病的很重i，在这种情况下，他不得不放弃出国的机会。十一. 1.Is this the museum (that/which) you visited yesterday? 2.Is this the museum where/in which the exhibition was held? 3.Is this museum the one (that/which) you visited yerterday? 缺先行词补先行词 4.Is this museum the one where/in which the exhibition was held?十二. 1.Anyone who is late for the meeting tomorrow will be punished. 2.Whoever is late for the meeting tomorrow will be punished. 3.Those who are late for the meeting tomorrow will be punished. 明天会议迟到的人将会被惩罚。十三. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。 Who is the guy that _is_ (be) reading over there? The number of people that_are_ (be) going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000. All that _needs_ (need) to be done has been done. I, who _am_ (be) your best friend, will do all that I can to help you. The family, who _are_(be) fond of music, go to the concert once a month 先行词为one of .时，中心词是of 后面的名词，定语从句中谓语动词用复数；先行词为the (only) one of .时，中心词是one，定语从句中谓语动词用单数。It is the only one of the books that_is_ (be) on display.It is one of the books that _are_(be) on display.十四. 定语从句分类为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。非限定性定语从句特点：“，”不能使用that，且关系词在从句中充当宾语时不可省略which 不可置于句首：意思为“这” as 可位于句首、句中、句末；意思为“正如”运用非限定性定语从句的情况：（A）关系代词指代整个主句内容 e.g. Our new house has a lovely garden, which makes us very happy.（B）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.（C）当出现some, many, few, a few, little, much, most, two +of which/whom等结构时 e.g. Youve made many mistakes, most of which were due to your carelessness.十五. as位置灵活，可位于句首、句中、句末。 As we all know , Taiwan belongs to China. Taiwan , as we all know , belongs to China. Taiwan belongs to China, as we all know .众所周知as we all know,= as is known to us all,=it is known to us all that.(it作形式主语)=what is known to us all is that.(what引导主语从句