高三英语词汇复习教学的思考

高三英语词汇复习教学的思考,赣州一中 王德亮,英语课改的精神： 英语新课标改革的重点是要改革英语课程过分重视语法知识和词汇知识的讲解和传授，忽视对学生实际语言运用的培养的倾向。强调英语课要从学生的学习兴趣，生活经验和认知水平出发，倡导体念实践参与，合作与交流的学习方式和任务型的教学途径。发展学生的综合语言运用能力，使语言学习的过程成为学生形成积极的情感态度，主动思维和大胆实践，提高文化意识和形成自主学习能力的过程。,词汇教学复习的要求：1.了解英语词汇包括单词，短语，习惯用法和固定搭配等形式。这是强调学生对词汇的认识。2理解和领悟的基本含义以及在特定语境中的意义。这是强调学生对词汇的深层认识。3运用词汇描述事物，行为，特征，说明概念等。强调词汇的作用和功能。4学会词汇的运用，用学会使用代替以往的“掌握”要求更加突出语言和功能。,词汇教学复习的内容包括： 1.语音与拼写 2.语法特点 3搭配与词义 4. 结构(词缀) 5. 得体(文化）,词汇教学复习应注意的基本原则：1.词汇教学要与语境和运用相结合2.注意词汇的归纳总结；多义词，同义词，反义 词3.注重实践，在实践活动掌握词汇，在实践中提 高词汇使用能力4.确定词汇教学的重点；核心词汇，高频词汇，主干知识词汇(课标5级词汇1500个, 8级词汇3500个）5.关注搭配，习语和短语的教学。,核心词汇，高频词汇， 主干知识词汇的复习首先要明确词汇教学的重点范围：即核心词汇，高频词汇，主干知识词汇。这部分词汇大约1500个左右，首先重点要过好这部分词汇的语音和拼写关。处理的方法一般是一方面听写，坚持每天听写20个。另一方面，通过单词拼写或单词填空强化词汇的复现率。,一、过好语言与拼写关，把同音或近音异词近形异词串联起来听写,收效较好。例如： 1. attract attack contrast contract attach distract 2. praise - price develop envelope 3.ancient patient 4. flash flesh fresh 5.contain detain restrain maintain 6.restrict district 7.trail trial 8.aboard abroad board broad,通过单词拼写训练或填空训练强化词汇的正确拼写及词汇的再现率。 教师通过设计英汉互译练习，供学生快速拼写以巩固近形异词，近音异词或拼写易错的单词，保证学生拼写单词正确。（单词训练）例如：躺lie 放下-lay 建议-suggest 劝告-advice 劝服-persuade 差异-difference 差别-distinction 灭绝-extinction 以下单词过去式：buybought bringbrought teachtaught seeksought extent 程度 pretend 假装 intend 想要、打算 conceive 构想、设想 believe 相信 deceive 欺骗receive 接收,句子填单词拼写训练：1. The little boy cant tell the difference between cows and o_.2. Its your turn to w_ the blackboard, and Ill clean the floor. 3. Where there is little rain, farmers pump water from wells to i_.4. Dont keep grain in a d_ place. It will go bad.5. The harvest will be r_ if no rain comes.6. Whether we will r_ ducks or geese has not been decided.7 . China s_ feeds 22% of the worlds population with only 7% of the worlds land.8. Goats usually live in m_ area, while sheep on the grassland.9. There are several reasons for the l_ of farmland.10. It tastes delicious to wipe the inside of a goose with s_ before cooking it.,xen,ipe,rrigate,amp,uined,aise,uccessfully,ountainous,oss,alt,二、明确词汇的语法特点及结构:1.熟悉并掌握英语的词汇结构对学生的英语高考复习备考十分有帮助。例如：后缀： er与 -or的区别：dancer editor writer reporter sailor inventor visitor actor competitor conductor 特例: beggar better cooker 预防：diedier betbetter (gambler) employemployee employemployer traintrainer traintrainee shootshooter shot,其他: tion -sion 也是学生易混的语法结构：如： decision conclusion occasion admission permission 如：impossible impolite inpatient invisible incomplete indirect dislike unlike disappear disagree discover uncover disable unable特别关注： means works waters looks indoors indoor outdoors outdoor,注意词汇的语法特点： 由于汉语为母语的学生没有词形变化的思维习惯，所以在句子或写作过程中学生常犯词形语法上的错误。 A.动词形式的变化 例如: 1. The computer system break down suddenly. (broke down , breaks down) 2. We see a fall in house prices between 5 and 10 percent so far this year. ( have see, have saw, have seed, have seen) 3. She is bestest girl in our class.,情态动词，助动词be与实意词等混乱现象： This book is belong to mine /my。（me） The taxi driver want charge me 10 dollar.名词形式的变化： He give me two advices on English study. We can get many informations from the Internet.三、注重词汇的搭配意义，在交际语境中使用词汇 在英语学习中我们都注意到动词、介词、名词等三大词类其搭配功能特强，尤其是动词的搭配功能极强。在突破这项词汇复习应特别关注在不同的句子语境中其搭配的意义差异迥然。,英语动词的搭配最常见的有：1.动词+ in / out break in / out , turn in / out2.动词+ up / down break up / down take up / down3.动词+ on / off turn on/ off , keep on /off4.动词+ to / from prefer to , stop .from5.动词+ with/through/by/of/away/for/about/over provide with , go through , keep away , accuse . of , charge. with , look through. stand by, compete for,例如：They picked me up at seven at the school. The cell phone cant pick up any signals. He picked up French when he stayed in Paris.有时教师还可以把同类句意表达式放在一起，便以学生进行比对，也可丰富其词语运用。We found that all the children were addicted to the computer games. We found that all the children were buried in the computer games. We found that all the children were lost in the computer games. We found that all the children were absorbed in the computer games. We found that all the children were involved in the computer games.,四、关注词汇的归纳和总结 1.以语法功能为主线，对所学词汇其语法功能作好系统的归纳总结，便于学生识记和运用,如能接动名词的：避免错过少延期avoid miss postpone建议完成多练习suggest finish practice喜欢想象禁不住enjoy imagine cant help 承认否定少忌妒admit deny envy逃避冒险莫原谅escape risk excuse忍受坚持不介意stand/bear keep mind meicarfispkhd(霉咖啡是不可喝的) m: mind, miss e: enjoy, escape, excuse i: imagine; c: consider; a: admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid; r: risk; f: finish, forbid, fancy; s: suggest; p: practice, pardon, permit, put off; k: keep (on); h: cant help(短语); d: delay, deny,能接不定式的词汇归纳: afford agree ask choose decide demand determine expect fail hope manage offer plan pretend promise refuse wish （在学习中比较常用）既能接不定式又能接动名词的词汇归纳: attempt begin continue deserve endure fear forget hate help intend learn like love mean need prefer regret remember start try want部分否定，全否定的词汇归纳 全否定常用no, never, neither, notany none .其他的否定形式大都是部分否定。,2.从交际功能上对词汇复习的归纳和总结 例如: matter 做动词用时常作否定和疑问句 Does is matter if/that? It doesnt matter if /that 又如: 1. pleasure 一词常见于帮助前后的交际用语: with pleasure / my pleasure 2. Do you mind if .?/Yes, No 才是回答其问话的关键所在，if从句后面的语意可以不予考虑。 3.表示愿意或想做某事的词语有 prefer, want, like, would rather, intend, mean, feel like,3. 热点、考点、易错点、易混点的归纳整理 1. It is known to us all that the earth goes around the sun. 2. As is known to us all, the earth goes around the sun. 3. What is known to us all is that the earth goes around the sun.,又如：It is/was .that/before/when/since. 句型在复习备考中也是个难点： 1. It was January 1st _ his father came back from New York. 2. It was on January 1st _ his father came back from New York. 3. It is nearly two weeks _his father came back from New York. 4. It will be two weeks _ his father comes back from New York.,五、加强词汇的文化功能，体现语言的运用得体和选词的丰富多样 1. 颜色在中西方文化里不同的象征意义。 I was feeling blue because my football team lost again at the weekend.The new typist is green at her job. a white lie 善意的谎言 white man 善良的人 the white coffee 牛奶咖啡 too yellow to stand up 太软弱不敢起来,be feeling blue 沮丧的，忧郁的be in holiday blue 显得闷闷不乐green-eyed 嫉妒 眼红be green at 没有经验、缺乏训练 a yellow dog 可鄙的人 black in the face 脸色铁青 black sheep 害群之马 black