2013年成人高考高起点英语同义词解析(三).docx

成人高考网 /2013年成人高考高起点英语同义词解析（三）close 比较普通，有时可以和shut互换使用，但它更强调不让某人或某物进入或通过的意思，有时有不接纳的意思，但通常表示关闭这一动作Its Sunday，so all the shops are closed.今天是星期天，所以这些店铺都关门了。I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again.我肯定没有办法再把箱子关上了。shut 与 close 的含义差别在于，shut仅表示关闭之状态，不包含不让进入或不接纳的意思As soon as he opens the gate from the outside，he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts.它一旦从外面把门打开，便走进园子里等着关门。在某些习语中，只有 shut 而不用close.Shut up！住口！He found every road to the accomplishment of his desire shut against him.他发现通向实现自己愿望的所有道路都被堵死了。He shut his eyes to the severs reality.对于这严峻的现实，他是闭着眼睛不肯看的。accompany attend escort convoy意思都含与人结伴同行或伴随某物.accompany 指与人结伴，做伴，常含有彼此之间关系平等之意， 如：He -nied her to the theater.他陪她去剧院。attend 意为随侍、随从 等解，如：Some students attended Prof. Jones on a field trip.一些学生随琼斯教授去野外郊游。escort 和 convoy 意为以警卫等身份陪伴，如：This merchant ship was convoyed by a destroyer.这艘商船由一驱逐舰护航。escort 还指礼节上的尊重或献殷勤，如：He escorted a lady to a party.他陪一位女士赴宴。accurate correct exact均含正确的意思。accurate 表示准确的，精确的，指通过努力，使事情达到正确，如：She gave an accurate account of the accident.她对事故做了准确的描述。correct 为一般用语，指正确的，如：He gave correct answers to the questions.他对这些问题提出了正确的答案。exact 表示确切的，精确无误的，指与事实完全相符，如：His answer is quite exact.他的回答完全正确。enough，sufficient，adequate这三个词都表示足够的或充分的.其中只有enough可以用作副词或名词，含义仍为足够的.enough和sufficient在含义上几乎没有差异，只是enough的用法较多，这两个词都表示完全满足需要，而且既不多余，也不缺少. adequate虽然也表示足够的、充分的，但是和另二词之间有着比较明显的细微差异，因为这个词的内涵是：对于必不可少的东西在数量上应当是 合理的、公平的或不苛刻的。Five men will be quite enough （or sufficient）。这句话说的是：5个人就十分充足了， 再多给一个人就没有必要了His wages are adequate to support three people. 这句话说的是：他的工资够养活3个人的。即这些钱养活3个人够得上一般生活水平，并不苛刻。可见其差异非常细微。词义差别越细微，表意越准确。例如：我 为他干了3小时的活，他付给我20英镑。我觉得那20英镑的工钱是足够了的.这两句话在英译时，其中的足够的必须用adequate，因为这里说 的足够包含了公平、合理的意思。故这两句可译为：I worked for him three hours， and he paid me 20 pounds. I think the 20 pounds are adequate for my work. 此外， 应注意下面例句中enough的各种用法I like to be a professional singer，but I dont think I have a good enough voice.我想当个职业歌唱家，但是我觉得我的嗓子不够好。A day may begin well enough，but suddenly everything seems to get out of control.一天的开端可能好得很，但突然一切似乎都失去了控制。 The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards，as well as in line of its course are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficent sustenance and progress.沿着船壁向上引导的以及与航行方向一致的气流足以给这种长有特大翅膀的大鸟以充分的支撑力和前进力。 Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another，but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired.我们的牧师老是为这事或那事筹募款项，但是从来也没能募集到足够把教堂大钟修复起来的钱。 The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type so much as its adequacy for its function，and here grave difficulties arise. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer，who must buy，not the thing he desires but the thingthe English Gentleman wants to sell. He attends inadequately to technological development.向社会提出的问题，与其说是这号人的德行问题，毋宁说是他们是否能胜任其职责的问题，于是便出现了严重的困难。他们不肯充分考虑顾客的需要，顾客不得不买的不是自己想要买的东西，而是英国绅士所要卖的。他们对技术的发展并不给予充分的注意。 The majority of the patients attending the medical outpatients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine，abox of pills，or a small jar of ointment，在医院门诊部就医的大多数病人认为，如果他们不能带一些实实在在的药物，如一瓶药水、一盒药丸、一小瓶药膏回家的话，他们就没得到充分的治疗enough sufficient adequate意思都含充分的、足够的.enough 系常用词，常可与 sufficient 互换，它除表示足以满足需要的外，还含有数量很多使人感到心满意足的的意思，如：We have enough money to spend.我们有足够的钱花。sufficient 用于正式文体中，指分量或数量足以满足需要的，如：The food is sufficient for a week.食物足够一周用。adequate 指足够符合特定（有时可指最低）的资格、分量、才能等着重符合一个客观要求或标准的，如：To be healthy one must have an adequate diet.一个人想要健康，必须有足够的规定饮食。advance promote progress proceed都含有前进的意思。advance 指向某一目标或方向前进的运动或效果，并常强调前进的终点，如：Our soldiers advanced bravely against the enemy.我们的士兵勇敢地向敌人挺进。promote 作提升解时可与advance 通用；它强调促使某种事业向前发展以达到预期的结果，并侧重于对该人或事物（尤指公开性质）的赞助和鼓励， 如：John was promoted advanced from a clerk to a manager.约翰由职员晋升为经理。A sound forest economy promotes the prosperity of agriculture and rural life.完善的森林经济可以促进农业和农村生活的兴旺与繁荣。progress 则指稳定、经常的进步，这种进步可能有间隔，常用于抽象事物，如：Our research work is