07-08-2讲稿 泛读2.doc

英语泛读课程 授课讲稿 Extensive Reading泛读课程教案20010-2011第二学期Ma Xuesong马雪松 2011年3月5日外语学院Unit One The Shadowland of DreamsI. Background Information1. ALEX HALEY (1921-1992)American biographer, scriptwriter, author who became famous with the publication of the novel ROOTS. In it Haley traced his ancestry back to Africa and covered seven American generations, starting from his ancestor, Kunta Kinte. The book was adapted to television series, and woke up an interest in genealogy, particularly among African-Americans. Haley himself commented that the book was not so much history as a study of mythmaking: What Roots gets at in whatever form, is that it touches the pulse of how alike we human beings are when you get down to the bottom, beneath these man-imposed differences.He said that three groups of people lived in every village. First were those you could see - walking around, eating, sleeping, and working. Second were the ancestors, whom Grandma Yaisa had now joined. And the third people - who are they? asked Kunta. The third people, said Omoro, are those waiting to be born. 他说道，每个村落都住着三种人。第一种是你看得到的人在你周围走动，能吃、能睡、能工作。第二种是祖先，也就是爱莎祖母刚刚加入的人们。“那第三种呢？是谁？”康达问道。“第三种”欧玛若说道，“是尚待出生的人。”(from Roots) Alex Haley was born in Ithaca, New York, as the son of Simon Alexander Haley and the former Bertha George Palmer. Haleys father was a teacher of agriculture he taught at several Southern colleges. In 1921 the family moved to the small town of Henning, Tennessee. Alex lived there for five years. His grandfather owned the local lumber company and when he died, Haleys father took over the business. Alexs mother taught in the local elementary school. She died when Alex was 10 and his father remarried two years later. In Henning Alex heard stories from his maternal grandmother, Cynthia Palmer, who traced the family genealogy to Haleys great- great-great-great-grandfather, who was an African, called Kin-tay. He was brought by slave-ship to America and named Toby. Haley did not excel at school or university. From 1937 to 1939 he studied at Elizabeth City Teachers College in North Carolina. During WW II Haley enlisted in the Coast Guard as a messboy. In 1941 he married Nannie Branch. The marriage ended in divorce in 1964, and in the same year Haley married Juliette Collins. They in divorced in 1972. Haleys third wife was the former Myra Lewis of Los Angeles. Im just not a stationary husband, Haley once said. He was the oldest of three sons (George and Julius), was born to Simon and Bertha (Palmer) Haley on August 11, 1921, in Ithaca, New York. Six weeks after his birth, Simon and Bertha returned to Henning, Tennessee, and presented Will and Cynthia Palmer with their grandson, Alex Haley. Alex and his mother remained with the Palmers, while Simon returned to Cornell University to complete his graduate studies in agriculture. After the death of Will Palmer in 1926, Simon Haley joined his wife and family in Henning and operated the Palmer business. In 1929, Simon Haley began his teaching career, and the family moved. Two years after they relocated, Bertha Haley died in Normal, Alabama.At the age of fifteen, Alex Haley was graduated from high school. He attended college for two years, and then in 1939 he enlisted in the United States Coast Guard as a mess boy. While in the Coast Guard, he began writing short stories; it would be eight years later, however, before any of his stories were published. Approximately thirteen years after entering the Coast Guard, Haley became chief journalist. After twenty years of military service, Haley retired in 1959. Upon his retirement, he embarked upon a new career as a writer. He became an assignment writer for Readers Digest magazine and later was associated with Playboy magazine, where he inaugurated the Playboy Interviews feature. Soon he was recognized for his insightful and in-depth interviews. His interviews of Malcolm X lead to his first book, The Autobiography of Malcolm X: As Told to Alex Haley (1965). Translated into eight languages, this literary work accorded Haley fame as an author.Alex Haley received the 1976 National Book Award for Roots. In 1977, Haley received the Pulitzer Prize, as well as the Spingarn Medal from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored. In 1989, Haley became the first person to receive an honorary degree from the Coast Guard Academy. The State of Tennessee honored Haley when it purchased and restored his boyhood home. Historically known as the Palmer House, the ten-room bungalow-style house is located in the small incorporated town of Henning, Tennessee, in Lauderdale County. The first state-owned historic site in West Tennessee and the first state-owned historic site devoted to African Americans in Tennessee, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on December 14, 1978. A state historical marker placed at the site tells of Haleys inspiration for Roots. Alex Haley died on February 10, 1992. On February 15, after funeral services in Memphis, his body was conveyed to Henning and interred in the front grounds of the Alex Haley Boyhood Home.2. NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored PeopleThe National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) has been instrumental in improving the legal, educational, and economic lives of African Americans. Combining the white philanthropic support that characterized Booker T. Washingtons accommodationist organizations with the call for racial justice delivered by W. E. B. Du Boiss militant Niagara Movement, the NAACP forged a middle road of interracial cooperation. Throughout its existence it has worked primarily through the American legal system to fulfill its goals of full suffrage and other civil rights, and an end to segregation and racial violence. Since the end of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, however, the influence of the NAACP has waned, and it has suffered declining membership and a series of internal scandals.3. Spingarn medal: The Spingarn Medal is awarded annually by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People for outstanding achievement by a black American, created by NAACP president Joel Elias Spingarn in 1914.II. Vocabulary1. poverty: the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions b : renunciation as a member of a religious order of the right as an individual to own property2 : SCARCITY, DEARTH 3 a : debility due to malnutrition b : lack of fertility synonyms POVERTY, INDIGENCE, PENURY, WANT2. superintendent: one who has executive oversight and charges superintendent adjective3. freelance: a usually free lance : a mercenary soldier especially of the Middle Ages : CONDOTTIERE b : a person who acts independently without being affiliated with or authorized by an organization2 : a person who pursues a profession without a long-term commitment to any one employer4. siren: often capitalized : any of a group of female and partly human creatures in Greek mythology that lured mariners to destruction by their singing 2 a : a woman who sings with enchanting sweetness b : TEMPTRESS c : TEMPTATION 2 a : an apparatus producing musical tones especially in acoustical studies by the rapid interruption of a current of air, steam, or fluid by a perforated rotating disk b : a device often electrically operated for producing a penetrating warning sound *an ambulance siren* *an air-raid siren*5. well up: intransitive verb 1 : to rise to the surface and usually flow forth *tears welled from her eyes*2 : to rise like a flood of liquid *longing welled up in his breast* transitive verb : to emit in a copious free flow6. plunge: transitive verb 1 : to cause to penetrate or enter quickly and forcibly into something *plunged the dagger*2 : to cause to enter a state or course of action usually suddenly, unexpectedly, or violently *plunged the nation into economic depression*intransitive verb 1 : to thrust or cast oneself into or as if into water 2 a : to become pitched or thrown headlong or violently forward and downward; also : to move oneself in such a manner *plunged off7. morsel: 1 : a small piece of food : BITE2 : a small quantity : FRAGMENT3 a : a tasty dish b : something delectable and pleasing4 : a negligible person8. veteran: 1 a : an old soldier of long service b : a former member of the armed forces2 : a person of long experience usually in some occupation or skill (as politics or the arts)9. crumple: transitive verb 1 : to press, bend, or crush out of shape : RUMPLE2 : to cause to collapse intransitive verb 1 : to become crumpled2 : COLLAPS10. dazzle: intransitive verb 1 : to lose clear vision especially from looking at bright light2 a : to shine brilliantly b : to arouse admiration by an impressive display transitive verb 1 : to overpower with light2 : to impress deeply, overpower, or confound with brilliance *dazzled us with her wit*11. riptide: n. 1 Running tide that breaks against an opposing tide and results in violent agitation of the water. 潮水互擊而產生的激流。2 Violent encounter of conflicting forces. 【喻】激烈的衝突；會戰。 transitive verb 1 a : to tear or split apart or open b : to saw or split (wood) with the grain2 : to slash or slit with or as if with a sharp blade3 : to hit sharply *ripped a double to left field*4 : to utter violently : spit out *ripped out an oath*5 : CRITICIZE, DISPARAGE12. huddle: transitive verb 1 British : to arrange carelessly or hurriedly2 a : to crowd together b : to draw (oneself) together : CROUCH3 : to wrap closely in (as clothes)intransitive verb 1 a : to gather in a close-packed group b : to curl up : CROUCH2 a : to hold a consultation13. bleak: : exposed and barren and often windswept2 : COLD, RAW *a bleak November evening*3 a : lacking in warmth, life, or kindliness : GRIM b : not hopeful or encouraging : DEPRESSING *a bleak outlook* c : severely simple or austere synonyms see DISMAL14. frame: transitive verb 1 : to construct by fitting and uniting the parts of the skeleton of (a structure)2 a : PLAN, CONTRIVE *framed a new method of achieving their purpose* b : SHAPE, CONSTRUCT c : to give expression to : FORMULATE d : to draw up (as a document)3 a : to devise falsely (as a criminal charge) b : to contrive the evidence against (an innocent person) so that a verdict of guilty is assuredIII. Reading Skills双语阅读技巧：Extensive reading: We must train our ability to scan, skip and read fast. Namely, the ability to catch the key words, the topic sentences and the drift of the articles. 泛读:要培养浏览,跳读和快读的能力.即抓住关键词,主题句和中心大意的能力.阅读速度的提高方法：Reading speed: Three ways to improve our reading speed: 1) Reading the articles from the beginning to the end without intervals so to catch the rough idea of the articles on the whole. Never waste too much time on some new words and single sentences. 2）We may keep time when reading articles.3) When reading articles, we can point at the words with our finger or pen point and our eyes move with the finger quickly so that we are able to read very fast. 阅读速度:三种方法提高我们的阅读速度:1.先从头至尾不间断地通读课文以抓住课文大意.不要在单个词或单句上浪费太多时间.2.阅读时计时.3.阅读时用手指或笔尖指向文章字句并快速移动来迫使我们的眼睛快速随手指或笔尖移动来强化我们的阅读速度. Newspaper as good reading materials can widen our sight and richen our knowledge. 多读报,多受益:开阔视野,丰富知识,学习流行词语和英语最新发展.Unit Two A Very Special GooseI. Background Information1. Isaac Asimov: (1920-1992) Highly prolific American writer, one of the three grand masters of science fiction with Arthur C. Clarke and Robert A. Heinlein. For five decades Isaac Asimov was one of the central figures of science fiction. His popular works include NIGHTFALL (1941), FOUNDATION (1951), FOUNDATION AND EMPIRE (1952), SECOND FOUNDATION (1953), THE CAVES OF STEEL (1954), THE END OF ETERNITY (1955), THE NAKED SUN (1957), and THE GODS THEMSELVES (1972), which won both the Hugo and the Nebula awards. I received the fundamentals of my education in school, but that was not enough. My real education, the superstructure, the details, the true architecture, I got out of the public library. For an impoverished child whose family could not afford to buy books, the library was the open door to wonder and achievement, and I can never be sufficiently grateful that I had the wit to charge through that door and make the most of it. (from I. Asimov, 1994) Asimovs breakthrough work, Nightfall (1941), is acclaimed to be the best science fiction story ever written - an overstatement of course. The poetic story depicts a world which has six suns, at least one of which is always shining. The world have experienced a universal eclipse every two millennia, and lost its social organization as a result. When the darkness falls the reason for this cyclical development is revealed: suddenly the thousands of stars are visible. Most of Asimovs books are pure adventure, and good entertainment, often giving solutions to all kinds of problems of human society and technology. Among his most popular works are the Foundation novels - based loosely on Edward Gibbons History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire - and Robot novels and storiesAsimov was extraordinarily prolific writer of a prodigious number of works including science fiction, science fact, mystery, history, short stories, guides to the Bible and Shakespeare, and discussions of myth, humor, poems, limericks, as well as annotations of literary works. Asimov authored nearly 500 books. Asimovs strength as a fiction writer was in his great skill to develop logically interesting ideas within a conventional story frame, which did not have much sensual or visual references. His critics noted that the stories resembled a diagram on a blackboard, as Brian Aldiss and David Wingrove described Asimovs Empire in Trillion Year Spree (2001). I make no effort to write poetically or in a high literary style, Asimov admitted. Usually he sat down at his old Selectronic III IBM typewriter from 7:30 until 10 P.M. - the word processor he used only for the preparation of manuscripts. His autobiographies, IN MEMORY YET GREEN (1979) and IN JOY STILL FELT (1980), give a detailed picture of the enormously popular author. I. ASIMOV (1994) was a collection of vivid sketches of important people and events in his life. Asimov had ended the manuscript with hope that he would see it published before his death. It appeared posthumously. The completed manuscript was edited by Janet Asimov. The Three Laws of Robotics The movie faithfully quotes Asimovs three laws of robotics: A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. 艾萨克阿西莫夫，当代美国最著名的科幻大师，他也是位文学评论家，美国科幻小说黄金时代的代表人物之一。他一生高产，著述颇丰，一生著述近500本，其中有100多部科幻小说，早已远远超过了“著作等身”的地步。是本世纪最顶尖的科幻小说家之一。曾获代表科幻界最高荣誉的雨果奖和星云终身成就大师奖。以他的名字为号召的阿西莫夫科幻杂志，是美国当今数一数二的科幻文学重镇。他是一位生于俄罗斯的美籍犹太人。作品极其丰富，代表作有我，机器人(I,Robot) 、基地系列、钢窟(The Caves of Steel) 系列、赤裸太阳(The Naked Sun) 等。他他于1941年发表的作品Runaround中第一次明确提出了著名的“阿西莫夫机器人三定律”。以其名字命名的阿西莫夫科幻小说杂志，至今仍然是美国当今数一数二的科幻文学畅销杂志。 这位美国哥伦比亚大学的化学博士，波士顿大学的副教授，先是业余写作科幻小说，1958年开始专职写作，以他渊博的科学知识和丰富的想像力很快就成为引人注目的科学作家。其科幻小说的代表作为“机器人”系列和基地系列等，其他科学和科普著作有生物化学简史、化学简史、碳的世界、月亮、海洋知识、空间知识、圣经入门、莎士比亚入门等。阿西莫夫笔下的机器人，改变了原来科幻小说中机器人老套的奴隶工具或人类敌人的怪物面目，开始成为人类的亲友，他在科幻小说中制订的“机器人三定律”一直被奉为机器人科幻的经典，这定律几乎成了以后科幻作家创作有关机器人的作品时必须遵循的法则。 艾西莫夫以真切的物质科学及人文现象演绎出他的科幻世界，又加进侦探与推理小说的技法，使得他的作品情节生动,扣人心弦,让人不忍释卷。【创作历程】 阿西莫夫是美籍俄裔犹太人，他于1920年出生在俄国，3岁时举家迁往美国，5年后取得美国国籍。阿西莫夫的父亲在纽约布鲁克林区开有数家糖果连锁店，阿西莫夫则一边读书一边帮忙照料店铺。阿西莫夫的父亲保守刻板，对子女要求严格，禁止阿西莫夫看暴力色情之类的报刊书籍，于是阿西莫夫选择了科幻小说，并从9岁开始痴迷。 在阿西莫夫18岁那年，他将自己的处女作宇宙瓶塞钻投给著名科幻作家兼编辑坎贝尔主编的科幻杂志，但是坎贝尔认为这篇作品“作为短篇太长，作为长篇则太短”，而且他“不喜欢慢腾腾的开头，以及自杀的结局”。不过坎贝尔还是给了阿西莫夫以很大的鼓励。结果在1939年3月，阿西莫夫终于发表了自己的第一篇作品逃离灶神星。 就在这同一年，阿西莫夫获得了哥伦比亚学士学位，1941年他又获得文学硕士。二战中阿西莫夫曾入伍服役，战后于1948年获得博士学位，并进入大学教书。 阿西莫夫一生写有大量的科幻作品，其中最主要的有两大系列：“基地”系列和“机器人”系列。 “基地”系列为读者展示了一个浩瀚庞大的宇宙画卷。它的故事发生在遥远的未来，其时人类已遍布250万颗行星，人口达到1000 ，形成了一个真正的宇宙帝国。而这时一位社会心理学家却根据推算得出这样一个结论：帝国行将崩溃，人类社会将进入一个长达30000年的黑暗时期，所有的文明都将荡然无存；但是如果按照他的方法，通过建立基地的方法，则可以将人类文明的火种保留下来，并将黑暗时期缩短为1000年。于是，“物理学基地”和“心理学基地”相继被建立，它们将完成保存并发展人类文明的艰巨任务 “机器人”系列中的短篇作品主要收集在我，机器人和其余的机器人等作品集当中，其中前者本刊已在以前介绍过。此外阿西莫夫有关机器人的科幻还有长篇钢窟和裸日等。阿西莫夫利用自己提出的“机器人学三定律”，为机器人建立了一套行为规范和道德准则，从而演绎出一系列推理性和逻辑性极强的漂亮故事。本期要介绍的，就是阿西莫夫的长篇推理侦探科幻钢窟。 除上述两大系列之外，阿西莫夫还有许多脍炙人口的科幻作品，比如描写某文明星球数千年才出现一次星空的黄昏，描写“平行世界”中外星人的众神自己，以及他唯一涉及时间旅行的永恒的末日，可谓不胜枚举，不一而足。 作为一名科学工作者，阿西莫夫不仅创作科幻小说，同时也写作科普作品，他的科普作品同样让人百读不厌。正如阿西莫夫逝世后一位评论家所说：“他的作品愉悦了数百万人，同时改变了他们对世界的看法。”【主要作品】 空中石子（1950）太空潮（1952）钢穴（1953）终结（1955） 赤裸的太阳（1956）基地三部曲（1964）我，机器人机器人的其他故事 基地系列： “基地三部曲”（基地、基地与帝国、第二基地），“基地续集”（基地边缘（1982）基地与地球（1986），“基地前传”（基地序曲（1988）、基地在前进） 机器人系列黎明世界的机器人（1984）机器人与银河帝国（1985）（1988）赤裸的太阳 我，机器人 复仇星（1988） 基地、机器人等系列是艾西莫夫最脍炙人口的代表作。这些看似各自独立的故事，相互贯串起来，竟是一部俯仰两万年的长篇史诗！艾西莫夫特意将科幻场景巨幅拉大，在全银河的背景下架构他独有的科幻世界、借由银河帝国的兴亡史来讨论人性与政治、经济、军事等文明要素产生的互动影响。这种宏观视野使他的作品处处闪动着关怀人类未来的笔触，超越一般科幻作品的局限。个人荣誉 1963年雨果奖：奇幻与科幻杂志的科学专栏荣获特别奖 1966年雨果奖：基地系列荣获历年最佳系列小说奖 1973年雨果奖：诸神自身荣获最佳长篇小说奖 1973年星云奖：诸神自身荣获最佳长篇小说奖 1977年雨果奖：双百人(The Bicentennial Man)荣获最佳中篇小说奖 1977年星; 1983年雨果奖：基地边缘荣获最佳长篇小说奖 1987年星云奖： 因终身成就荣获大师奖 个人影响作品年表 机器人系列: o 我，机器人 I, Robot (1950年) 短篇小说集 o 钢窟 The Caves of Steel (1954年), ISBN 0553293400 (第一部Elijah Baley科幻侦探小说) o 赤裸太阳 The Naked Sun (1957年), ISBN 0553293397 (第二部Elijah Baley 科幻侦探小说) o 曙光中的机器人 The Robots of Dawn (1983年), ISBN 0553299492 (第三部Elijah Baley 科幻侦探小说) o 机器人与帝国 Robots and Empire (1985年) (E