课时讲练通高中英语Module3ViolenceofNaturePeriod3Grammar（语法专题课+探究导学课型）课件外研版必修3.ppt

Module3TheViolenceofNaturePeriod3Grammar语法专题课过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语 过去完成时的被动语态 课前热身 用所给词的正确形式填空 Bythetimethetornadoended morethan700people kill CoghlantravelledbacktoCanada afterhe bury inTexas hadbeenkilled had beenburied Shereturnedhomeandfoundallherfurniture ruin bytheflood Whenhewokeup hefoundhishouse destroy bythethunderstorm had beenruined hadbeen destroyed 课堂诠解 过去完成时的被动结构由 hadbeen 过去分词 构成 表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的被动的动作 句中常用by before until when等词引导时间状语 过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况 1 主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时 要用过去完成时的被动语态 常用于before bythetime until when after once assoonas等引导的状语从句中谓语动词是一般过去时 以及by before until 过去的时间点 Bytheendoflastyear 20 000cars 到去年年末 该厂 已经生产了两万辆轿车 Theclassroom beforetheteachercame 老师来之前 教室还没有打扫 had been produced hadn t been cleaned Howmanybuildings whenthehurricaneended 飓风结束时有多少建筑被毁 Allofthedishes tillthen 到那时盘子全部洗完了 had been destroyed had been washed 2 在told said knew heard thought等动词之后的宾语从句中 若表示过去某一被动动作时 用过去完成时 Theysaidtheproductioncosts 他们说生产成本降低了 Iwastoldthatthebook intheroom 我被告知把那本书落在那个房间里了 had been reduced had been left 3 根据语意可以判断出动作先后的用过去完成时 用所给词的正确形式填空 Asthework do hebegantowatchTV Thegirldidwhatshe tell to hadbeendone hadbeentold 间接引语 课前热身 将下列句子中直接引语转化为间接引语 Tomsaid Iwanttogoshopping Tomsaid that togoshopping Thegirlaskedme Canyouhelpme Thegirlaskedme couldhelp he wanted if I her Iaskedtheboy Whyareyoulateagain Iaskedtheboy he lateagain Hesaidtome Shutthewindow please Hetoldme thewindow why was to shut 课堂诠解 直接引述别人的原话 叫做直接引语 用自己的话转述别人的话 叫做间接引语 将直接引语改为间接引语时 人称 时态 时间状语和地点状语作相应的变化 1 直接引语是陈述句 变为间接引语时由连词that引导 Hesaid Ilikeitverymuch Hesaid verymuch 他说他非常喜欢它 Hesaid Youtoldmethisstory Hesaidthat thatstory 他说我给他讲过那个故事 that he liked it I had told him 名师指津 口语中that可以省略 that从句之前常用say tell等动词 2 直接引语是一般疑问句 变为间接引语时变成if whether引导的宾语从句 Hesaid Canyouswim John HeaskedJohn hecouldswim 他问约翰是否会游泳 if whether Iaskedhim Willyoustayathomeorgotoseeafilmtonight Iaskedhim hewouldstayathome gotoseeafilmthatnight 我问他那天晚上他是待在家里还是去看电影 whether or 名师指津 大多数情况下if和whether引导宾语从句时可以互换 但后紧跟ornot时 一般用whether 3 直接引语是特殊疑问句 变为间接引语时特殊疑问句变为由who what when where why how等疑问词引导的宾语从句 但注意从句须是陈述语序 Hesaid WhereisMrWang Heasked 他问王先生在哪里 where Mr Wang was Heasked Howdidyoufindit mother Heaskedhismother it 他问他妈妈是怎么找到它的 how she had found 4 直接引语是祈使句 变为 主语 ask order tell beg等 宾语 宾语补足语 动词不定式 这一句型 Theteachersaid Listentomecarefully Theteacher us listentohercarefully 老师告诉我们认真听她讲 told to Don ttouchanythinginthelab theteachersaidtous Theteacher us touchanythinginthelab 老师告诉我们不要动实验室里的任何东西 told not to 巧学助记 人称的变化一随主 二随宾 第三人称不更新 即直接引语的第一人称取决于主句的主语 第二人称取决于主句的宾语 第三人称一般不变 Hesaid I mforty Hesaidthathewasforty 一随主 Shesaidtome Yourpronunciationisbetterthanmine Shetoldmethatmypronunciationwasbetterthanhers 二随宾 Theysaid IseverythingOK TheyaskedifeverythingwasOK 第三人称不更新 5 直接引语变间接引语时 如果谓语动词是过去式 时态的变化如下 注意 情态动词也作相应改变 can could may might must must hadto Hesaid IusuallywatchTVonSunday Hesaidthatheusually TVonSunday Hesaid I musingtheknife Hesaidthathe theknife watched was using Hesaid I llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday Hetoldusthathe usanexaminationthenextMonday Hesaid Icametohelpyou Hesaidthat tohelpme Shesaid IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay Shesaidthatshe fromhimsinceMay would give he had come had not heard Hesaid Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper Hesaidthathe hishomeworkbeforesupper Hesaid Iwenttocollegein1994 Hetoldusthathe tocollegein1994 had finished went Ourteachersaidtous Lighttravelsfasterthansound Ourteachertoldusthatlight fasterthansound travels 名师指津 1 直接引语是客观事实 普遍真理等 主句尽管是过去时态 变成间接引语时 时态仍然用一般现在时态 2 直接引语变间接引语时 指示代词 时间状语 地点状语 动词等要作相应的变化 但是 如果转述时对话人双方就在原来的地方 或在说话的当天 就不必改变相应的时间状语 地点状语等 总之 对这些变化不能机械理解 应根据实际情况来决定所作的变化 3 间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序 即主 谓 宾的顺序 课堂小结 1 过去完成时的