Unit One Friendship.doc

Unit One Friendship一、 语音及拼读规则：音节如果你想记忆英语单词不成为难题；如果你想做到看词能读，听词能写，从现在开始掌握语音和拼读规则的规律，你会有意外的惊喜。音节是词的构成单位。就语音形式而言，一个音节通常由一个元音音素加上一个或几个辅音音素构成；就书写形式而言，一个音节一般由一个元音字母或元音字母组合加上一个或几个辅音字母构成。单独一个元音或元音字母也可以构成一个音节。例如：I,you,a,等。在一个词中，有几个元音音素（不是元音字母），就有几个音节。上列例词都是只有一个元音音素的单音节词。有两个元音音素的叫双音节词，有三个或三个以上元音音素的叫多音节词。例如：双音节词：worker,teacher,our多音节词：family,afternoon,university在将一个词划分为音节时，应根据其语音形式，而不能单纯根据其书写形式。以teach和nice为例，从书写形式上来看，teach中有两个元音字母，但这两个元音字母ea组合在一起发一个音。因此，teach只能算一个音节。nice中也有两个元音字母，但词尾的e不发音，因此也是单音节词。our虽只有三个字母，但读音是由两个音素组成的，故是双音节词。此外，有几个发音很响亮的辅音，如lmn，在后面没有元音的情况下也可以和它前面的辅音构成一个音节，故可称“成节辅音”。例如：table,Marxism,seven划分音节的一般规则遵循“一归后，两分手”的规律。即：（1）在两个发音的元音字母之间，若只有一个辅音字母（r除外），这个字母一般划归后面一个音节。例如：pa/per,la/ter（2）在两个发音的元音字母之间，若有两个辅音字母（r除外），则分别划归前后两个音节。例如：sum/mer,win/ter（3）辅音字母组合th,ch,sh,ph等，以及辅音连缀pr,gr,tr,dr等，不能分开，一般划归后面的音节。例如：mo/ther,tea/cher,a/pril,a/gree（4）由两个或两个以上的词组成的合成词，一般按原词分音节。例如：work/shop,birth/day二、单元重点单词1add v.(1)to put together with something else so as to increase the number, size, importance, etc.增加，添加。e.g. Please add something to what Ive said, John.约翰，请对我说的话做点补充吧。(2)to join numbers, amount, etc so as to find the total. 相加e.g.Add up these figures for me, please.请帮我把这些数字加起来。（add up）注意add to something: to increase 增加e.g.What he did has added to our difficulties.他的所作所为增加了我们的困难。（add to）add up to: to amount to 加起来等于；总计（达）e.g.The cost added up to 100 million yuan.费用总计达一亿元。2cheat v. & n.（1）to act in a dishonest way in order to win 欺骗；作弊e.g.Any student caught cheating will have to leave the classroom.任何被发现作弊的学生将被赶出教室。（2）to take from someone in a dishonest way骗；骗取e.g.They cheated the old woman out of her money by making her sign a document she didnt understand.他们让那老妇人在她不懂的文件上签字，骗了她的钱。（3）n. 作弊行为(the act of cheating)骗子（one who cheats）3lonelyadj. 孤独的，寂寞的（unhappy because of being alone or without friends）e.g.He has been very lonely since his wife left him.妻子走后，他十分孤独。比较lonely/alonelonely指的是心灵上的孤单和寂寞，alone指的是独自一人。e.g.Although I am alone, I dont feel lonely.虽然我独自一人，但我并不感到寂寞。4point n. 点，尖端；分数（sharp or tapered end of sth.; tip）e.g.the point of a pin, knife, pencil, etcTwo point six.5ignorevt.忽视，不理睬 (take no notice of sb./sth.)e.g.Youve been ignoring me.你一直不把我放在眼里。I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely.我向她打招呼，可她根本不理睬。6communicatevt. & vi.（1）使某事物被人知晓；传送某事物（make sth. known; convey sth.）e.g.This poem communicates the authors despair.这首诗流露出作者的绝望心情。（2）联系，沟通；交流（connect）e.g.You should try to communicate with others.你应该尝试和别人进行交流。（communicate with）7reason n. 原因，动机，理由（cause of, motive for or justification for sth.）e.g.Can you tell me the reason why you are so late again?你能告诉我你再次迟到的理由吗？注解reason做先行词时后面的引导词只能用why。8share vt. & n. 分享；均分；分担；一份；份额e.g.He would share his last pound with me.There is only one bedroom, so well have to share.Your share of the cost is $10.Everyone who helped gets a share in the profits.9situation n. 情形；境遇；（建筑物等的）位置e.g.He found himself in an embarrassing situation.The company is in a poor financial situation.注意当situation作为先行词用在定语从句中时，其引导词要用where.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that答案是A。10outdoors adv. 在户外，在野外（in the open air; outside; out of doors）e.g.Its cold outdoors.In hot countries you can sleep outdoors.outdooradj. e.g. outdoor activitiesindoor adj. e.g. an indoor swimming-poolindoors adv. 在室内e.g. Lets go indoors.习语the great outdoors 露天；郊外，野外e.g. I couldnt live in London, I enjoy the great outdoors too much.11naturen. 自然，自然界；（人或动物的）本性，天性e.g.He wants to know the wonders of nature.他想知道大自然的奥妙。Its his nature to be kind to people.他为人厚道。Cats and dogs have quite different naturesdogs like company, cats are independent.猫和狗的习性迥异狗喜欢有伴、猫爱独来独往。12trustv. & n. 信任；信赖e.g.A good marriage is based on trust.美满的婚姻是建立在互相信任的基础上的。（n.）I put my trust in you.我信任你。（n.）You cant trust what the papers say.报纸上的话不可信。（vt.）You must trust in your own judgement.你得相信自己的判断力。（vi.）13crazyadj. （1）mad, foolish疯狂的，愚蠢的e.g.Its crazy to go out in such hot weather.在这么热的天出门，真是愚蠢。（2）wildly excited; very interested 狂热的，着迷的e.g. She is crazy about dancing. 她对跳舞十分着迷。14suffer vt. & vi. 遭受；忍受；经历（feel pain, great sorrow, etc）e.g.Shes suffering from loss of memory.她患有遗忘症。We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.我们在金融危机中损失惨重。Your studies will suffer if you play too much football.你要是总踢足球，功课就糟了。15advice n. 忠告，建议（动词形式是advise）e.g.If you take my advice youll see a doctor.如果你听我的话，就去看病。They advised her against marrying quickly.他们劝她不要太快结婚。（动词用法）三、重点短语1join in参加同take part ine.g.Sarah never joins in with us; she always plays on her own.萨拉一向和我们不合群；她老是一个人玩。The whole nation joined in the celebration.全国都参加了庆祝活动。Lets all join in (singing the song.)让我们都参加（唱歌）吧。注意join in可作不及物动词也可作及物动词；后接某种活动时，与take part in同义。join sb. in (doing) sth.和某人一起做某事2calm down平静下来，镇静下来e.g. You should calm down now.3have got to 不得不，必须e.g. I have got to go to class.4be concerned about/for: be worried about担心e.g.Were all concerned about her safety.我们都为她的安全担忧。5walk the dog遛狗6go through(1)to examine carefully 仔细阅读或研究e.g.I went through the students papers last night.昨晚我仔细阅读了学生的作业。(2)to experience 经历；遭受或忍受e.g.You really dont know what we went through while working on this project.你的确不知道我们搞这个项目吃了多少苦。7hide away 躲藏，隐藏e.g. Dont hide away! I have something important to tell you.8set down 放下，记下，登记e.g.Set down your heavy bags and take a rest.He set down in writing all the statements they made.他把他们的声明全部记了下来。9a series of 一连串的，一系列的，一套e.g.A series of lectures is scheduled.安排了一系列的讲座。This publishing firm is planning a new series of school textbooks. 这家出版社正计划出版一套新的教科书。10on purpose 故意e.g.If you joke with him hell think you are insulting him on purpose.如果你同他开玩笑，他会认为你有意侮辱他。Ive come on purpose to tell you the news.我特地来告诉你这个消息。11in order to为了e.g.You must work hard in order to succeed.In order to calculate the amount of power, work is divided by time.12face to face 面对面的e.g. She stood face to face with him.13according to 依照，根据e.g.Each man will be paid according to his ability.According to John, there will be a meeting next week.14get along with 与相处，进展e.g. She is difficult to get along with.15fall in love(with)相爱，爱上e.g.He has fallen in love with her.Ive fallen in love with Suzhou.四、重难点句子解析1Your friend comes to school very upset.译文你的朋友来上学，心情非常不好。（1）upsetadj. 不安的；心烦意乱的。（worried; annoyed）e.g. Why are you so upset?（2）upsetvt.使不安；使心烦意乱。（cause to worry, to be sad, to be angry, not to be calm, etc）e.g.Dont upset yourself.His cheating in the exam upset his teacher.2Your friend, who doesnt work hard, asks you to help him/her cheat in the exam by looking at your paper.译文你的朋友不用功。他要在考试中偷看你的试卷，要你帮他作弊。这里的who doesnt work hard是非限制性定语从句。ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事；help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事，to可以省略；by在这里表示“通过的方式”。3Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts?译文你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？whom you could tell everything to是定语从句，修饰friend；此处的like相当于such as。e.g. He has learned some foreign languages, like(such as) French and German.4I can well remember that译文我记得非常清楚well n.井adj.身体好adv.好；非常int.喔，噢，这个本课这句话中的well是副词，意思是“非常、彻底、完全”（quite, much, thoroughly）。e.g. George was well and truly drunk.5flowers could never have kept me spellbound.译文鲜花从未令我心迷神往过。spellbind v. to hold the complete attention of 吸引人，迷人