王梓5.26教案.doc

名思教育-我的成功不是偶然！ 王梓 同学个性化教学设计 年 级： 初三 教 师: 王庆芝_ 科 目： 英语_班 主 任： 成丽 _ 日 期: _ 5.26 _ 时 段: 13 :00- 15：00 课题直接引语与间接引语 教学目标掌握直接引语与间接引语的相互转换重难点透视间接引语中的时态问题、及时间状语考点 直接引语间接引语知识点剖析序号 知识点预估时间 掌握情况 1直接引语与间接引语区别30分钟 2直接引语如何转换为间接引语80分钟 3练习20分钟教学内容直接引语变间接引语语法讲解一、人称人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如： She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate，How is your sister now? He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如： Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.二、时态直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。1. She said. “I have lost a pen.” She said she had lost a pen. （现在完成 过去完成）2. She said. “We hope so.” She said they hoped so. (一般现在 一般过去)3. She said,“He will go to see his friend。” She said he would go to see his friend. (一般将来 过去将来) 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理。如： “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street. 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980. 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning. 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better，used to)和已经是 过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said，“You had better come have today.” Peter said I had better go there that day.三、其它直接引语变间接引语，具有指代性的词也需要变化，一些具体变化如下：指示代词 this -that these - those表示时间的词 now - then today - that day this week(month, etc.) - that week (month, etc.) yesterday - the day before last week(month) - the week(month) before three days(a year)ago - three days(a year)before tomorrow - the next (following ) day next week(month)-the next(following)week(month) 表地点的词 here - there 动词 bring - take come - go四、句型： 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, “Can you swim, John?” He asked John if he could swim. “You have finished the homework, havent you?” my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型。如： “Dont make any noise,” she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. “Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如： He said, “ Lets go to the film.” He suggested going to the film. He suggested that they should go to see the film.概述1. 我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式，一种时直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的称为直接引语，另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接一般构成宾语从句。The teacher asked, “Do you like English?” 老师问：“你喜欢英语吗？”（直接引语）The girl said that she liked English very much. 这个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。（间接引语）2. 一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词，如 tell, ask, say 等。这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活，可以放在直接引语之前、之后或其中。主语如果是名词时，可以倒装。“主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主语部分。He told me, “I am going to Changchun tomorrow.” 他告诉我：“明天我打算去长春。”“Where are you from?” asked Linda. “你来自哪里？”琳达问。直接引语变间接引语的变化形式1. 人称代词和指示代词的变化指示代词this 和these通常变为that和those 。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如：He said, “I came to help you.” 他说：“我是来帮助你的。”He said that he had come to help me. 他说他是来帮助我的。2. 时态的变化（1） 引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。（2） 引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下：一般现在时一般过去时 一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时（1） 含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。（2） 若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。（3） 有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。3. 时间状语的变化now then last month the month beforetoday that day three days ago three days beforetonight that night tomorrow the next day this week that week next month the next monthyesterday the day before the day after tomorrow in two days4. 地点状语的变化here there5. 谓语动词的变化come go直接引语变为间接引语的情况1.直接引语为陈述句（1）将直接引语变为由that 引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后（that 可以省略）。例如：He said, “I forgot to call you yesterday.”他说：“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。”He said that he had forgotten to call me the day before.他说她前一天忘记给我打电话了。（2）如果引述动词是 say to sb.,则通常改为 tell sb. sth. 结构。例如：He said to me, “Your bike is broken.” 她对我说：“你的自行车坏了。”He told me that my bike was broken. 他对我说我的自行车坏了。2. 直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句，将直接引语变为由 if /whether 引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其语序为陈述语序，若直接引语的引述动词为 say ，应改为 ask. 例如：Mary asked me, “Is Helen from the United States?” 玛丽问我，“凯伦时美国人吗？”Mary asked me whether/if Helen was from the United States. 玛丽问我海伦是否时美国人。3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句，语序是陈述语序。例如：John asked me, “Where does Zhou Xun come from?”约翰问我，“周迅是哪儿的人？”John asked me where Zhou Xun came from. 约翰问我周迅时哪儿的人。4. 感叹句-变成由that引导的宾语从句He said “What a lovely garden it is!”He exclaimed that it was a lovely garden.5. .命令句-变为不定式短语He said“Open the door.”He asked me to open the door.将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met the day _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house