翻译技巧：热爱生命.doc

热爱生命汪国真我不去想是否能够成功既然选择了远方便只顾风雨兼程我不去想能否赢得爱情既然钟情于玫瑰 就勇敢地吐露真诚我不去想身后会不会袭来寒风冷雨既然目标是地平线留给世界的只能是背影我不去想未来是平坦还是泥泞只要热爱生命一切，都在意料之中Passion for Life I care not whether I can achieveFor the longed goalI shall despite wind and rain goI care not whether I can get the bliss of loveFor the lost heart to roseI shall with courage proposeI care not whether I will suffer chill and coldFor the dreamed horizontal mindI shall leave my back figure behindI care not whether I will face rain or shineWith to life my devotionEverything will come as expectationAccustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as silent, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; anaccompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film. As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown (if indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry. To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indications of mood as pleasant, sad, lively. The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next. Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. W. Griffiths film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915. 尽管我们习惯于将 1927 年以前的电影称为无声电影，但是就无声这个词完整的意义上来说，电影从未真正的无声过，从最初开始音乐就被视为必不可少的伴奏。当卢米埃尔的电影在 1896年2月美国首届影片公映展览上放映的时候，影片便用当时的流行曲临场钢琴伴奏。 最初，这些音乐伴奏与电影没有什么特别的关系，用什么曲子伴奏都行。但在很短的时间内，为一部庄重的影片演奏快活的音乐所产生的不协调感变得显而易见，因此钢琴家们开始注意将自己的作品与影片的情调结合起来。 随着影剧院在数量上与重要性上的不 断增长，在一些场合，除了钢琴师外，还要加上小提琴师，或许还有一位大提琴师。较大的影剧院里还组成了小型的管弦乐队。在很长的时间内，为各部影片选择配乐完全掌握在乐队指挥或队长手中，而通常把持这种职位的资格不是技巧或鉴赏品味，而是拥有一个大的音乐作品的个人收藏。 因为直到电影上映的前一天晚上乐队指挥才能看到影片(如果这个指挥真正有幸能够看到影片的话)，音乐安排通常是在非常匆忙的情况下临场进行的。为了解决以上的困难，电影发行公司开办了为音乐伴奏印制提示单的业务。例如 1909 年爱迪生公 司开始将一些诸如喜悦的、悲伤的、活泼的之类表明影片情调特征的提示与影片一起发行。 这些提示逐渐变得更加具体，并且出现了包括影片情调说明、适用乐曲名称和乐曲转换点等内容的配乐说明单。某些影片拥有专门为其创作的音乐。 这些早期特创乐谱中最 著名的便是为 D. W. 格雷夫斯1915 年上映的影片一个国家的诞生所创作的音乐。相关内容： 郊区的发展 研究:人们对嫉妒自己的人更友善 娱乐：网上调情的关键 0 顶一下 郊区的发展日期：2010-12-30来源： 作者：字体：大 中 小 免费测试你的英语水平 If by suburb is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1830s and 1840s were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example,the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York.Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders. With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress - conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis.This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Class, whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-family housing tracts. 如果郊区指的是比已建好的城市内部发展更为迅速的城市边缘地带，那么郊区化可以说始于 1825 年至 1850 年工业化城市出现期间。 在这之前，城市只是高度密 集的小聚居群。 在其中，人们步行走动，商品靠马车来运送。但是建于18世纪三四十年代的早期工厂位于城边的航道和铁路附近，被工作机会吸引到这里的成千上万的人们需要住房。 渐渐地，在与旧有的主要城区相毗邻的地方，不断涌现出由排房和公寓楼组成的工人聚居区，包围了工厂。作为对这种侵蚀的自卫，也为了扩大它们收税的地域范围，城市吞并 了工业化的临近地带，比如 1854年费城的城区就兼并了费县的绝大部分地区。相似的城市化也发生在芝加哥和纽约。 今天很多美国的大城市其实就是靠吞并它们附近的边缘地区而变成大都会的。随着工业化的加速发展，城市里出现了严重拥挤和相伴而来的社会压力。当1888年第一条商业上成功的电气化铁轨被制造出来时，压力开始接近危机的程度。几年之内，马车就被废弃了，电车网相互交织连接着各个重要的城区，从而形成了一种郊区化的潮流，即密集的工业城市转变成了分散的都市。 此时城市中产阶级的出现进一步加强了第一 波大规模郊区化。这些中产阶级希望在远离老旧城市的地区拥有住宅，单一家庭住宅地区 的开发者满足了他们的愿望。研究:人们对嫉妒自己的人更友善日期：2010-12-29来源： 作者：字体：大 中 小 免费测试你的英语水平 Successful people are nicer to those who are jealous of them, psychologists have found.心理学家发现，成功人士对那些嫉妒他们的人更友善The fear that they may become the target of malicious envy makes people act more helpfully toward people who they think might be jealous of them. 因为害怕成为恶意嫉妒的对象，人们一般会更愿意帮助那些他们觉得可能会妒忌他们的人。Previous research found jealousy could be divided into benign and malicious envy. Those with benign envy were motivated to improve themselves, to do better so they could be more like the person they envied. However those with malicious envy wanted to bring the more successful person down.之前的研究发现，嫉妒可以分为善意嫉妒和恶意嫉妒两种。善意嫉妒者会积极提高自己、更好地表现自己以便能更接近自己嫉妒的对象。然而恶意嫉妒者则试图将比他成功的那个人打垮。The Dutch researchers then set out to question the effect on the target of the envy.于是一些荷兰研究者们开始讨论以上两类嫉妒者对嫉妒对象的影响。Niels van de Ven of Tilburg University said: In anthropology, they say if you are envied, you might act more socially because you try to appease those envious people. He cited as an example the fisherman who shared his bigger catch around.蒂尔堡大学的尼尔斯凡德冯说：“人类学家认为，如果你受到他人嫉妒的话，你可能会表现得更和善，因为你会试图安抚那些嫉妒你的人。”他举例说一个渔民如果钓到更大的鱼，他一般都会跟周围人分享。In lab experiments a group of people were made to feel like they would be maliciously envied by being told they would receive an award of five euros. Sometimes the prize was deserved and was based on the score they were told they had earned on a quiz. But sometimes it was not based on their score at all.在实验室实验中，一组人被告知将获得五欧元的奖励，以使他们感觉自己可能会遭到恶意嫉妒。这些奖励有的时候是根据他们所获知的测验成绩来发放的，是他们应得的；而有时候则完全不是以测验成绩为依据的。The researchers thought that the deserved prize would lead to benign envy, while the undeserved prize would lead to malicious envy.研究人员认为，应得的奖励会引起善意嫉妒，而那些不应得的奖励则会招致恶意嫉妒。Then the volunteer was asked to give time-consuming advice to a potentially envious person.然后研究人员让志愿者花费时间给那些潜在的嫉妒者提一些建议。People who had reason to think they would be the target of malicious envy were more likely to take the time to give advice than targets of benign envy.相对于善意嫉妒的对象来说，那些有理由相信自己是恶意嫉妒对象的人们更有可能花费时间来提出建议。In another experiment, an experimenter dropped a number of erasers on the floor as the volunteer was leaving. Those who thought they would be maliciously envied were more likely to help him pick them up.在另外一个实验中，一位实验人员在志愿者离开时把几块橡皮掉到地上。那些认为自己遭到恶意嫉妒的人们更有可能会帮实验人员把橡皮捡起来。He said: This sort of serves a useful group function. We all think better-off people should share with others but thats not something we are inclined to do when we are better off.该实验人员说：“这种行为从某种程度上说是一种有用的群体功能。我们都认为境况更好的人应该跟其他人分享，但是当我们自己境况变好之后，我们并不愿意这样做。This fear of envy can encourage us to behave in ways that improve the social interactions of the group.“而对嫉妒的恐惧可以鼓励我们改变自己的行为方式，以促进群体中的社交互动。”The findings were published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.以上研究成果发表在心理科学上，这本杂志是由心理科学协会发行的。微笑面对自己的理由（上）日期：2011-02-09来源：网络 作者：未知字体：大 中 小 免费测试你的英语水平 1. Smiling makes us attractive。 We are drawn to people who smile. There is an attraction factor. We want to know a smiling person and figure out what is so good. Frowns, scowls and grimaces all push people away - but a smile draws them in。 2. Smiling Changes Our MoodNext time you are feeling down, try putting on a smile. Theres a good chance you mood will change for the better. Smiling can trick the body into helping you change your mood。3. Smiling is ContagiousWhen someone is smiling they lighten up the room, change the moods of others, and make things happier. A smiling person brings happiness with them. Smile lots and you will draw people to you。4. Smiling Relieves StressStress can really show up in our faces. Smiling helps to prevent us from looking tired, worn down, and overwhelmed. When you are stressed, take time to put on a smile. The stress should be reduced and youll be better able to take action。5. Smiling Boosts Your Immune SystemSmiling helps the immune system to work better. When you smile, immune function improves possibly because you are more relaxed. Prevent the flu and colds by smiling。微笑是一个可以让你脱颖而出的好办法，同时它也可以让你的身体更好地运作。微笑让你变得更健康、更能抵抗压力和让你更有魅力。微笑理由之一，它是让你活得更加长久的快乐途径。读读其他理由，并尽你所能去试着去做。1。微笑使我们有吸引力我们被微笑的人吸引。因为那儿有一种吸引人的因子。我们渴望了解一个微笑的人，想知道是什么让人如此开心。愁眉苦脸只会把人推开，而微笑却把人吸引过来。2。微笑改变我们的心情当你情绪低落的时候，你试着去假装微笑。这个尝试让你心情变好的。微笑可以“欺骗”你的身体，从而达到改变你的心情。3。微笑会传染当某个人在微笑使整个房间气氛变得轻松，其他人的心情也就随之改变，使事情变得更加快乐。微笑的人把快乐随身携带。微笑多点，那么更多的人将向你靠近。4。微笑可以减压压力真的可以爬上我们的脸庞。微笑让我们避免看上去很疲惫、疲倦和受打击。当你感到压力，你该抽出时间装个微笑。这样压力就应该会减少，那么你的工作就可以做得更好。5。微笑增强免疫力微笑可以让免疫系统更好的工作。当你微笑，免疫功能可能会因你的放松而增强。微笑可以预防流感和伤风。微笑面对自己的理由（下）日期：2011-02-09来源： 作者：字体：大 中 小 免费测试你的英语水平 6. Smiling Lowers Your Blood PressureWhen you smile, there is a measurable reduction in your blood pressure. Give it a try if you have a blood pressure monitor at home. Sit for a few minutes, take a reading. Then smile for a minute and take another reading while still smiling. Do you notice a difference? 7. Smiling Releases Endorphins, Natural Pain Killers and Serotonin。Studies have shown that smiling releases endorphins, natural pain killers, and serotonin. Together these three make us feel good. Smiling is a natural drug。8. Smiling Lifts the Face and Makes You Look YoungerThe muscles we use to smile lift the face, making a person appear younger. Dont go for a face lift, just try smiling your way through the day - youll look younger and feel better。9. Smiling Makes You Seem SuccessfulSmiling people appear more confident, are more likely to be promoted, and more likely to be approached. Put on a smile at meetings and appointments and people will react to you differently。10. Smiling Helps You Stay PositiveTry this test: Smile. Now try to think of something negative without losing the smile. Its hard. When we smile our body is sending the rest of us a message that Life is Good! Stay away from depression, stress and worry by smiling. 6。微笑降低血压当你微笑的时候，你的血压将显著降低。如果你家中有血压计，你可以试一下。静坐几分钟，然后阅读。再比较微笑1分钟，然后微笑着阅读。你是否感觉到了有所不同？(是不是阅读理解能力增强了，呵呵)7。微笑促进内啡肽、自然镇痛杀伤物质和5-羟色胺的释放研究显示微笑促进内啡肽、自然镇痛杀伤物质和5-羟色胺的释放。这三种物质可以让我们感觉更好。微笑是一种天然的药物。8。微笑可以美容，让你看起来更年轻肌肉群通过微笑可以达到修整容颜的效果，能让人们看上去更年轻。务须去整容，只要整天试着微笑这样你就会变得年轻，感觉自然就好了。9。微笑让你看上去是成功的微笑的人看上去更加自信，升职的可能性更大，更容易让人接近。在开会或者约会中面带笑容，人们对你的感觉就会不一样。10。微笑让你保持积极试着一下测试：先微笑一个，再马上微笑着想一下消极的事情。这是困难的。当我们微笑的时候，我们的身体向我们传输的信息是“生活是美好的！”微笑让消极、压力和恐惧都离我们远去。相关内容： 微笑面对自己的理由（上） 1 顶一下 经典英文句翻译日期：2011-02-15来源： 作者：字体：大 中 小 免费测试你的英语水平 1.一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本是费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就那么忘记了。 1