人人文库网 > 图纸下载 > 毕业设计 > 长江三角洲地区南京特大城市居民点PM2.5和PM10的环境水平和时间变化【中文5120字】
长江三角洲地区南京特大城市居民点PM2.5和PM10的环境水平和时间变化.docx
长江三角洲地区南京特大城市居民点PM2.5和PM10的环境水平和时间变化【中文5120字】
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长江
三角洲地区
南京
特大城市
居民点
pm2
以及
pm10
环境
水平
时间
变化
中文
- 资源描述：
-
长江三角洲地区南京特大城市居民点PM2.5和PM10的环境水平和时间变化【中文5120字】,长江,三角洲地区,南京,特大城市,居民点,pm2,以及,pm10,环境,水平,时间,变化,中文
- 内容简介：
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JOURNALOFENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEANDHEALTH,PARTATOXIC/HAZARDOUSSUBSTANCESANDENVIRONMENTALENGINEERINGISSN10934529PRINT15324117ONLINEJOURNALHOMEPAGEHTTP/WWWTANDFONLINECOM/LOI/LESA20AMBIENTLEVELSANDTEMPORALVARIATIONSOFPM25ANDPM10ATARESIDENTIALSITEINTHEMEGACITY,NANJING,INTHEWESTERNYANGTZERIVERDELTA,CHINAGUOFSHEN,SIYYUAN,YUNXIE,SIJXIA,LILI,YUKYAO,YUEZQIAO,JIEZHANG,QIUYZHAO,AIJDING,BINLI15324117ONLINEDOI101080/109345292013838851AMBIENTLEVELSANDTEMPORALVARIATIONSOFPM25ANDPM10ATARESIDENTIALSITEINTHEMEGACITY,NANJING,INTHEWESTERNYANGTZERIVERDELTA,CHINAGUOFSHEN1,2,SIYYUAN2,YUNXIE1,SIJXIA2,LILI2,YUKYAO2,YUEZQIAO2,JIEZHANG2,QIUYZHAO2,AIJDING1,BINLI2ANDHAISWU21INSTITUTEFORCLIMATEANDGLOBALCHANGERESEARCH,SCHOOLOFATMOSPHERICSCIENCES,NANJINGUNIVERSITY,NANJING,CHINA2INSTITUTEOFATMOSPHERICSCIENCES,JIANGSUPROVINCIALACADEMYOFENVIRONMENTALSCIENCES,NANJING,CHINATHEDETERIORATINGAIRQUALITYINEASTERNCHINAINCLUDINGTHEYANGTZERIVERDELTAISATTRACTINGGROWINGPUBLICCONCERNINTHISSTUDY,WEMEASUREDTHEAMBIENTPM10ANDFINEPM25INTHEMEGACITY,NANJINGATFOURDIFFERENTTIMESTHE24HAVERAGEPM25ANDPM10MASSCONCENTRATIONSWERE00330234AND00420328MG/M3,RESPECTIVELYTHEDAILYPM10ANDPM25CONCENTRATIONSWERE292732,AT95CONFIDENCEINTERVALAND423846TIMESTHEWHOAIRQUALITYGUIDELINESOF0025MG/M3FORPM25AND0050MG/M3FORPM10,RESPECTIVELY,WHICHINDICATEDSERIOUSAIRPOLLUTIONINTHECITYTHEREWASNOOBVIOUSWEEKENDEFFECTTHEHIGHESTPM10POLLUTIONOCCURREDINTHEWINTERTIME,WITHHIGHERPM25LOADINGSINTHEWINTERANDSUMMERPM25WASCORRELATEDSIGNIFICANTLYWITHPM10ANDTHEAVERAGEMASSFRACTIONOFPM25INPM10WASABOUT725THISFRACTIONVARIEDDURINGDIFFERENTSAMPLINGPERIODS,WITHTHELOWESTPM25FRACTIONINTHESPRINGBUTMINORDIFFERENCESAMONGTHEOTHERTHREESEASONSKEYWORDSPARTICULATEMATTER,TEMPORALVARIATION,WEEKENDEFFECT,WESTERNYRDREGIONINTRODUCTIONAMBIENTPARTICULATEMATTERPMPOLLUTIONISAGROWINGPUBLICCONCERNWORLDWIDEBECAUSEOFTHESIGNIFICANTIMPACTSONAIRQUALITY,HUMANHEALTH,ANDLOCAL/REGIONALCLIMATECHANGE16HIGHLEVELPMLOADINGSAREGENERALLYTHOUGHTTOBERESPONSIBLEFORTHEINCREASEDOCCURRENCEOFHAZEBECAUSETHEATMOSPHERICVISIBILITYCOULDBEREDUCEDDUETOLIGHTEXTINCTIONABSORPTIONANDSCATTERINGBYPM,ESPECIALLYTHEFINEPM25PMWITHDIAMETERLESSTHAN25M79ITHASBEENESTIMATEDTHATEXPOSURETOAMBIENTPMPOLLUTIONACCOUNTEDFOR31MILLIONDEATHSAND31OFGLOBALDALYSDISABILITYADJUSTEDLIFEYEARSDURING201010GLOBALLY,AMBIENTPMPOLLUTIONWASTHENINTHHIGHESTRISKFACTORAMONGALLOFTHEFACTORSINVESTIGATED,WHILEITWASTHEFOURTHHIGHESTRISKFACTORINEASTASIAANDTHESINGLELARGESTENVIRONMENTALRISKFACTOR10EXPERIMENTALMEASUREMENTSANDMODELSIMULATIONSTUDIESHAVEIDENTIFIEDSEVEREAIRPOLLUTIONINCHINA,ESPECIALLYINTHEEASTERNAREA1113ITISESTIMATEDTHATABOUT350400THOUSANDSPREMATUREDEATHSWEREATTRIBUTABLETOAMBIENTAIRPOLLUTIONINCHINAANDTHEECONOMICBURDENOFPREMATUREMORTALITYANDMORBIDITYWASCONSERVATIVELYESTIMATEDATABOUT157BILLIONRMB116OFTHEGDPIN2003,ANDMAYBEASHIGHAS520BILLIONRMBUSINGTHEWILLINGTOPAYESTIMATION14,15THEYANGTZERIVERDELTAYRD,WHICHINCLUDESTHECITYOFSHANGHAIANDTHEPROVINCESOFJIANGSUANDZHEJIANG,ISONEOFTHEMOSTDEVELOPEDANDFASTESTGROWINGURBANIZEDREGIONSINCHINAASERIOUSAIRPOLLUTIONPROBLEMHASBEENDOCUMENTEDINTHEREGION1619RELATIVELYHIGHEMISSIONDENSITIESOFPRIMARYAIRPOLLUTANTS,SUCHASPARTICULATEMATTER,BLACKCARBON,ANDPOLYCYCLICAROMATICHYDROCARBONS,HAVEBEENREPORTEDINTHISREGION2023THEREGIONALAIRQUALITYISDETERIORATINGINTHEYRDREGIONANDTHEATMOSPHERICVISIBILITYHASDECREASEDSIGNIFICANTLYDURINGTHEPASTTHREEDECADES7,17THEYRDREGIONHASBEENIDENTIFIEDASAKEYAREAINTHERECENTPLANFORTHEJOINTPREVENTIONANDCONTROLOFAIRPOLLUTIONINCHINA24NANJING,THECAPITALOFJIANGSUPROVINCE,LOCATESINTHEWESTERNYRDANDITHASANAREAOFABOUT6587KM2WITHAPOPULATIONOFABOUT81MILLIONASAHIGHLYINDUSTRIALIZEDANDURBANIZEDCITY,NANJINGSUFFERSFROMSEVEREATMOADDRESSCORRESPONDENCETOGUOFSHEN,SCHOOLOFATMOSPHERICSCIENCES,NANJINGUNIVERSITY,NANJINGEMAILGFSHEN12GMAILCOMORAZJLGDGMAILCOMRECEIVEDMAY8,2013SPHERICPROBLEMSITWASREPORTEDTHATTHEAVERAGEVISIBILITYINNANJINGDURING2004WASONLY88KMANDDAYSWITHDAILYAVERAGEVISIBILITYOF10KMCOMPRISEDABOUT58THROUGHOUTWHOLEYEAR25AVERYLIMITEDNUMBEROFSTUDIESHAVEDOWNLOADEDBYNANJINGUNIVERSITYAT005308JANUARY2018172SHENETALFOCUSEDONTHEAIRPOLLUTANTSINTHISCITY,SUCHASPM,HEAVYMETALSANDTOXICORGANICS2630MORESTUDIESAREREQUIREDURGENTLY,PARTICULARLYTHOSEFOCUSEDONTHEAIRPOLLUTIONANDITSSOURCES,TOSUPPORTTHEENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONDECISIONSOFPOLICYMAKERSTHEMAINOBJECTIVEOFTHISSTUDYWASTOOBTAINABASICUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEAMBIENTPMPOLLUTIONLEVELS,ESPECIALLYTHEFINEPM25POLLUTIONINTHECITY,THEFINEPMMASSFRACTION,ANDSEASONALVARIATIONSMATERIALSANDMETHODSSAMPLINGSITEAMBIENTPM25ANDPM10SAMPLESWERECOLLECTEDSIMULTANEOUSLYFOR24HUSINGQUARTZFIBERFILTERS47MM,MILLIPOREINNOVEMBER2011,ANDMARCH,JUNE,ANDAUGUST,2012ACTIVESAMPLERS167L/MIN,WUHANTIANHONGINSTRUMENTS,CHINAWERESETUPONTHETOPROOFOFASEVENFLOORBUILDINGINARESIDENTIALAREAWITHACOLLEGENEARBYTHESAMPLINGSITEWASDOWNWINDOFTHEDOWNTOWNCITYAREA,WHICHWASAREPRESENTATIVESITEFORTHEDYNAMICCHARACTERIZATIONOFAIRPOLLUTIONINTHECITY16CERTAINTYWASDERIVEDFROMERRORSINTHESAMPLINGPROCEDUREIE,THEABSORPTIONOFVOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDSWASNOTCONSIDEREDINTHEPRESENTSTUDYANDWEIGHTMEASUREMENTAFIELDBLANKWASALSOCONDUCTEDANDTHERESULTSREPORTEDHEREWEREBLANKCORRECTEDDATAANALYSISANOAAHYSPLITHYBRIDSINGLEPARTICLELAGRANGIANINTEGRATEDTRAJECTORYMODELWASUSEDTOCALCULATETHEAIRMASSTRAJECTORIES,31TOINVESTIGATETHEPOTENTIALPOLLUTIONSOURCEANDLONGRANGTRANSPORTOFTHEAIRBORNEMASSTHE72HBACKWARDTRAJECTORYTHATORIGINATEDFROMTHESAMPLINGSITEWASCALCULATED32SPSSCHICAGO,IL,USAWASUSEDFORTHEDATAANALYSISWITHASIGNIFICANCELEVELOF005RESULTSANDDISCUSSIONPMMASSCONCENTRATIONFIGURE1SHOWSTHEDAILYPM25ANDPM10MASSCONCENTRATIONSTHROUGHOUTTHESAMPLINGPERIODTHESTRAIGHTLINESSHOWTHECHINESENATIONALAMBIENTAIRQUALITYSTANDARDS0075MG/M3FORPM25AND0150MG/M3FOR33PMMEASUREMENTANDQUALITYCONTROLTHEFILTERSWASPREBAKEDAT500CFOR4H,ANDSTOREDINADESICCATORFOR24HPRIORTOUSEAFTERSAMPLING,THEPARTICLELOADEDFILTERSWERECONDITIONEDINTHEDESICCATORFORANOTHER24HTOREACHEQUILIBRIUMBEFOREANDAFTERSAMPLING,THEFILTERSWEREWEIGHEDGRAVIMETRICALLYUSINGAHIGHPRECISIONDIGITALBALANCEXP105DR,METTLERTOLEDO,GREIFENSEE,SWITZERLANDTHEPMMASSCONCENTRATIONWASCALCULATEDBASEDONTHEMASSDIFFERENCEANDTHETOTALSAMPLINGVOLUMETHEDETECTIONLIMITWASESTIMATEDTOBE042G/M3BYASSIGNINGASAMPLINGVOLUMEOF24048M3ANDABALANCESENSITIVITYOF001MGTHEMEASUREMENTUNPM10INTHESECONDGRADEAMBIENTAIRFUNCTIONALZONEANDTHEWORLDHEALTHORGANIZATIONWHOGUIDELINES0025MG/M3FORPM25AND0050MG/M3FORPM1034THEREWEREVERYHIGHVARIATIONSINTHEDAILYPMLOADINGSTHEDAILYPM25ANDPM10CONCENTRATIONSWERE00330234MG/M3ANDFROM00420328MG/M3,RESPECTIVELYTHEOVERALLPM25ANDPM10MEANSWERE0106AND0146MG/M3,RESPECTIVELYTHEDAILYAVERAGEOFPM10CONCENTRATIONINTHISSTUDYWAS097TIMES08911AS95CONFIDENCEINTERVALOFTHENATIONALSTANDARDOF0150MG/M3,WHILETHEPM25CONCENTRATIONWAS141315TIMESTHESTANDARDCOMPAREDWITHTHEWHOPMGUIDELINESFORA24HPERIOD,THEPMPOLLUTIONWASMUCHFIG1THE24HAVERAGEPM10BLUEANDPM25REDMASSCONCENTRATIONSDURINGTHESAMPLINGPERIODINNANJINGTHENATIONALSTANDARDANDWHOGUIDELINEVALUESAREALSOSHOWNASUNBROKENANDBROKENLINES,RESPECTIVELYCOLORFIGUREAVAILABLEONLINEDOWNLOADEDBYNANJINGUNIVERSITYAT005308JANUARY2018AMBIENTLEVELSANDTEMPORALVARIATIONSOFPM25ANDPM10INNANJING173MORESERIOUSONAVERAGE,THEDAILYPM10CONCENTRATIONWASABOUT292732TIMESTHEWHOSTANDARD,WHILETHEFINEPM25WAS423846TIMESTHESTANDARDUPTO40AND74OFTHETOTALSAMPLINGDAYSHAD24HAVERAGEPM10ANDPM25CONCENTRATIONSABOVETHECHINESENATIONALSTANDARDS,RESPECTIVELYCOMPAREDWITHTHEWHOSTANDARD,ALLOFTHEDAILYPM25ANDPM10CONCENTRATIONSEXCEEDEDTHESTANDARDS,WHICHINDICATEDSEVEREPMPOLLUTIONANDTHEDETRIMENTALHEALTHIMPACTSOFAIRPOLLUTIONINTHECITYTHEPM10LEVELFOUNDINTHISSTUDYWASMUCHHIGHERTHANTHENATIONALAVERAGELEVELOF0083MG/M335ACCORDINGTOTHENATIONALSTATISTICS,THEANNUALAVERAGEPM10CONCENTRATIONSINNANJINGDURINGTHEPAST10YEARSWERESIMILARTOTHOSEINMOSTMAJORCITIES,SUCHASBEIJING,TIANJIN,ANDSHANGHAI,BUTHIGHERTHANTHOSEINGUANGZHOU,HAIKOUANDNANNINGINSOUTHCHINA36THEANNUALAVERAGECONCENTRATIONOFPM25INBEIJINGDURING20012004WAS00960107MG/M3,4WHICHISCOMPARABLETOTHEAVERAGEOF0106MG/M3INTHEPRESENTSTUDYIN2003,AFIELDCAMPAIGNWASCONDUCTEDTOSIMULTANEOUSLYMEASURETHEAMBIENTPM25ANDCARBONFRACTIONSIN14CITIESEXCLUDINGNANJINGTHROUGHOUTCHINA37RELATIVETOOTHERDOMESTICCITIES,THEPM25CONCENTRATIONINNANJINGDURINGTHEWINTERWASCOMPARABLETOTHELEVELSINTHENORTHERNCHINAPLAINANDOTHERYRDREGIONS,SUCHASBEIJING01260066MG/M3,TIANJIN01790088MG/M3,SHANGHAI01510095MG/M3ANDHANGZHOU01680055MG/M3,BUTLOWERTHANTHOSEINXIAN03750144MG/M3INNORTHWESTCHINAANDCHONGQING03120114MG/M3INSOUTHWESTCHINAINTHESUMMER,THEPM25INNANJINGWASLOWERTHANTHELEVELSINBEIJING01170048MG/M3,TIANJIN01030028MG/M3,XIAN01310059MG/M3ANDCHONGQING01160038MG/M3,COMPARABLETOTHELEVELSINHANGZHOU00910041MG/M3,BUTHIGHERTHANTHELEVELSINOTHERMAJORCITIESLIKESHANGHAI00520019MG/M3,GUANGZHOU00490009MG/M3,HONGKONG00400014MG/M3ANDXIAMEN00250016MG/M3INGENERAL,THEPMAIRPOLLUTIONISSEVEREINCHINA,ESPECIALLYWHENCOMPAREDWITHTHEAMBIENTPMLEVELSINTHEUNITEDSTATESANDEUROPEANREGIONS13,3839THEDIFFERENCESINTHEPMPOLLUTIONLEVELSINTHESECITIESARETHOUGHTTOBERELATEDTOTHEHIGHERLOCALEMISSIONSANDIMPACTSOFREGIONALLONGRANGETRANSPORTINTHEFUTURE,ITISEXPECTEDTHATTHEAVAILABILITYOFMOREMONITORINGDATAANDINFORMATIONONPMSOURCESWILLPROVIDEABETTERUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEDYNAMICCHANGESBETWEENANDWITHINCITIES,THEREBYFACILITATINGANEFFECTIVEPOLLUTIONCONTROLSTRATEGYITWASREPORTEDTHATTHEPM10LEVELSHAVETENDEDTODECLINEBETWEEN2005AND2009INMOSTCITIESINTHISREGION,INNANJING,THEANNUALPM10CONCENTRATIONSRANGEDBETWEEN010AND012MG/M3DURINGTHESE5YEARS,40BUTTHEANNUALAVERAGEPM10LEVELINTHEPRESENTSTUDYWASABOUT0146MG/M3,WHICHISHIGHERTHANTHEPREVIOUSLYREPORTEDDATATHISDISCREPANCYMAYBEEXPLAINEDPARTLYBYTHEDIFFERENTSAMPLINGSITESANDMEASUREMENTMETHODSZHAOETALSSTUDY40CALCULATEDTHEPM10BASEDONTHEAIRPOLLUTIONINDEXAPIREPORTEDBYTHELOCALENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONBUREAU,WHEREASWESAMPLEDANDWEIGHEDTHEPM10USINGQUARTZFIBERFILTERSAPIISADIMENSIONLESSINDEX,WHICHISUSEDTODESCRIBETHEAIRQUALITYINCHINAITISSIMILARTOTHEAIRQUALITYINDEXBUTONLYCONSIDERSFIVEPOLLUTANTS,IESULFURDIOXIDE,NITROGENDIOXIDE,CARBONMONOXIDE,OZONE,ANDPM10EACHPOLLUTANTISMEASUREDSEPARATELYANDUSEDTOCALCULATEASUBPOLLUTIONINDEXBASEDONLINEARINTERPOLATIONOFTHEMEASUREDCONCENTRATIONBETWEENTHEGRADINGLIMITSFOREACHAIRQUALITYCLASSIFICATIONCRITERIONTHEFINALAPIISTHEHIGHES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