主谓语一致.doc

主谓语一致一、语法精要在英语语法中,要求句子的谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致主谓语一致应遵循三大原则：语法一致原则：是根据主语的语法标记决定其谓语动词的单数、复数形式。主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：All the Disney parks are operated by the same company.Today, corn is found all over the world.意思一致原则：是指主谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形式来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在涵义，一般有三种情况。）单数形式的主语，谓语动词用复数。The government has started a new school project in which Inuit teach their own children）复数形式的主语，谓语动词用单数。I think maths is more interesting than Chinese.）同一词作主语，有时谓语动词用单数有时用复数。But the family was so poor that the boy could not get many books. Your family are quite well, I hope.就近一致原则：即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。Neither Wei Hua nor Ann is on the team. 二、主谓一致中值得注意的问题）主语是一个抽象概念（包括不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语），谓语动词用单数。Learning new words and useful expressions is very important for me. To hold the Olympic Games is rich prize for a country.）如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有：with , together with , as well as , no less than, rather than , like , but , besides , except , as much as, including , along with .等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数。The teacher with two students was at the meeting. ）each , some , any , no , every 构成的复合代词；one of +复数名词 , many a , more than one ( a )等所修饰的词作主语，它们的谓语都用单数。Nobody was surprised except Fred.More than a week has passed already.） people , police, cattle 等词作主语通常用复数。People in the Western world do not eat such healthy foods. Cattle are one cause of the problem.） majority , population , class , family , group , team , crowd , audience , army , government, company ,enemy 等集体名词，按意思一致原则，作为整体，看作单数；指其中一个一个成员，看作复数。The Government are holding a meeting this evening to discuss the problems. The Chinese government receives a lot of money from sales of tobacco. Just under a third of the population now smokes, about 17 million people. His family was poor and he used to sit in the family garage and draw pictures there.The White family are on holiday in Egypt. The majority of people in the town want to encourage new industry in the area. ）表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词作主语，尽管是复数，谓语动词用单数。Ten years is only a short time in the long history.）or , either . or . , neither . nor . , not . but . , not only . but also. 等连接两个主语时，谓语动词用就近一致原则。Not only you but also I am interested in computer.Neither my father nor my mother is an actor or actress. ）以 there , here , such 引起的句子，而主语又不只一个，谓语动词用就近一致原则。There is a pen and some pencils in my pencil-box.）以what 引起的主语从句，all , most , half , the rest , the remainder 等引起的主语，谓语动词按意思一致的原则处理。What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world. What he wants now are more books on this subject.One quarter of the sores of the Mediterranean are polluted. A great part of the city was destroyed and a large number of buildings were burnt. ）关系词who, that , which 引起的定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词在数和人称取得一致。但one of + 复数名词 + that从句。从句的谓语动词应用复数，而the ( only ) one of +复数名词 + 从句，从句的谓语动词应用单数。The farmers do not want to kill any of their cattle, so the cattle eat all the grass and anything that grows on poorer land. Every year, millions of smokers die because of illnesses which are caused by smoking tobacco.I was the only one of the persons in my office who was invited.）当 the与原级形容词连用，表示一类人时；或某些以-s(es) 结尾的人名，指一家人、夫妻俩或同名同姓的若干人时，谓语动词用复数。The wounded in the accident were sent to the hospital.）一些只有复数形式的词作主语时( clothes , trousers , shoes , .)，谓语动词应用复数形式；但前面有a pair of修饰时，则用单数。The clothes on sale are rather out of date.）分数或百分数名词构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词则依据短语后面的名词的数来决定。89% of smokers are male. See a doctor if a child has been burned or if more than 10% of the body has been burned.）代词 none, neither 作主语时，主要根据说话人的意思来决定。But none of the banks I spoke to were interested.The rest are left to grow even taller. (SBI 5) But fortunately neither of us was hurt. ）在四则运算中，谓语动词用单、复数均可。whats one and two ? Two times two is four. Three times five is ( are ) fifteen.) a great deal of ( a large amount of , a large quantity of , a lot of ) + 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。A large amount of money has been spent on clothes. A great deal of trouble was taken over the work.）a number of , ( a large quantity of , a lot of ) + 可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数。但the number of +主语，其谓语动词用单数。There were a lot of fires all over the city. ( SB I - 7 )Now jobs are needed because a number of people are out of work. ( SBII 17 )As a result, the number of people who travel by plane in China is larger than ever before.）主语中有连词 and 时，要注意：（）and连接的几个不同事物，谓语动词用复数。 A smile and handshake show welcome. ( SBII - 3 )Both my brother and Xiao Fei have been to the Nature Park twice.（） and 连接的不同事物，如果它们前面都有定冠词或物主代词修饰，表示不同的对象，谓语动词用复数；如果定冠词只出现在第一个成分之前，则指的是同一个事物，谓语动词用单数。His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe.His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe.（）通常用两个部件配成的物品，或并列的主语指一种东西或事物、概念时，谓语动词用单数。Whisky and soda is always my favourite