短文改错归纳总结2.doc

短文改错归纳总结一、错误类型多词：冠词、介词、动词不定式符号to等。漏词：冠词、介词、动词不定式符号to、系动词、物主代词等。错词：（一）语法错误1.主谓不一致；2.时态不一致；3.指代不一致；4.平行不一致；5.名词的单复数；6.词的固定搭配和惯用法(如:get used to doing sth.) 7.词性的误用（形/副）；8.冠词的误用；9.语态、非谓语动词；10.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级混用。（二）逻辑错误1.上下行文逻辑错误（and/but/or/so）；2.主从复合句中连词或引导词的误用；3.句意混乱（up/down ；here/there）。二、常见错误设置模式1.在sothat结构中，so 和that不同行，把that放在下一行，so 的位置上写成了very； tooto结构中, too写成了very；There is no need to do sth.中There 用成了It;It is/has beenyears since中since用成了when;was/were doingwhen结构中，when用成了while。2. the same中the 用成了a或漏掉定冠词the（same永远和the 在一起.如the same as与一样/相同; all the same仍然,还是; the same to you）； for a long time（长时间）漏掉a； most of the漏掉the； for the first time（第一次）漏掉the； make progress中间加了a。3. repeat之后加了again； return之后加了back； enter之后加了into/to。4. because/ since和so连用； although /though和but连用； reason和because连用（The reason whyis that；Another reason is that）。5.元音字母开头但发辅音的词前用了an，如university, European, useful thing, usual thing。6.辅音字母开头但发元音的词前用了a，如：honest, hour, honor。7.现在分词与过去分词的误用。三、常见的误用词1. little很少（修饰不可数名词）/few很少数（修饰可数名词）；2. less更少（修饰不可数名词）/fewer更少数（修饰可数名词）；3. many许多（修饰可数名词）/much许多（修饰不可数名词）；4. beside在旁边 /besides除此之外还, 而且；5. here这儿 /there那儿；6. before在以前 / after在以后；7.时段+ago以前（常用于一般过去时）/ 时段+before以前（常用于过去完成时）；以前（与now相对）；8. a/an泛指，/the 特指；9. sick有病的,患病的（adj.）/ill（有病的）表语形容词；10. well好（adv.）；身体好（adj.）/good好（adj.）；11. itsit is/has / its它的（pron.）；12. either也（用在否定句）/too也（用在肯定句）；13. alone独自一人（表语形容词）/lonely（人）孤独的,寂寞的；（地）荒凉的；14. hard难的（adj.）; 努力地（adv.）/hardly几乎不,简直不（adv.）；15. high（位置）高高的/地（可以客观计量）/highly（程度）高度地（不能客观计量）；16. most大多数，大部分（adj./ pron.）/mostly主要地（adv.）；17. because因为（前果后因）/ why为什么, 的原因（前因后果）；18. and （顺承/递进并列）/ but（转折）/or （选择）/so （因果）；19. when（当的时候）/while（当的时候）从句常用进行时,延续性动词；20. which引导非限制性定语从句/that引导同位语从句；21. if 如果是否（只引导宾语从句,且不与or连用）/whether是否（引导名词性从句或构成 whether to do sth.）；22. each（两个或两个以上中的）每一个,（强调各自的）/ every（三个或三个以上中的）每一个,（强调所有的,无一例外的）；23. among在（三者以上）之间 /between在两者之间,（多个事物的）每两两之间；24. all（三者以上）都/ both两者都；25. any（三者以上中）任一 /either（两者中）任一；26. other 别的,其他的 /another又一（个）,再一（个）；27. none（三者以上中）没一个 /neither（两者中）没一个；28. sometime（过去/将来）某时 /sometimes有时；29. everybody每个人，人人，大家（用在肯定句中）/anybody任何人（用在否定句、疑问句或条件从句中）；30. everything 一切（用在肯定句中）/anything任何事（用在否定句/疑问句/条件从句中）；31. no没有（adj.不与a/an、the、any等连用,nonot a /not any eg. I have no umbrella. I have no problems. I have no money with me.）/not不（adv.）；32. spend花费（人作主语 ）/cost花费 （事物作主语）；33. wear 穿着，戴着，佩戴 /dress给穿衣（宾语是人而不是衣服）；34. receive 收到 /accept 接受，收下；35. left 落下，忘带（后跟具体地点）/forgot 忘记；36. lie 躺,位于 /lay 放,摆,铺；产卵；37. invent发明,创造（宾语是客观没有的）/discover发现（宾语是客观存在的）；38. wish希望,但愿 （其后宾语从句用虚拟语气）/hope希望；39. likely 很可能（adj./adv.）/ like 跟一样,像（prep./conj.）/as 作为,如同（prep.）；40. cross横过,穿过（v.）/across 横过,穿过（prep./ adv.）；41. interesting有趣的,令人感兴趣的（物作主语）/ interested感兴趣的（人作主语）；42. fortunate幸运的（adj.）/fortunately 幸运地（adv.）； 43. unfortunate不幸的（adj.）/unfortunately不幸地（adv）；44. immediate立即,马上（adj.）/immediately立即,马上（adv.）；45. comfortable舒适的（adj.）/comfortably舒适地（adv.）；46. missed错过了的 /missing失踪的, 缺失了的 /lost迷途的，丢失的；47. close （关系）近的,亲密的（adj.）；（位置）靠近地（adv.）/closely （关系） 亲密的（adv.）/closed关闭的；48. persuade（说服）sb. to do sth./advise（建议）sb. to do sth. /suggest（建议）doing sth.；49. keep借用（可延续）/borrow借（进）/lend借（出）；50. named叫做（后置定语）/naming；51. called叫做（后置定语）/calling；52. drowned 已淹死的 /drowning 溺水的，快要淹死的；53. late 迟的 /晚地（adj./adv.）/lately 最近,近来（adv.）/later（时间段）以后,较后的,晚一点；54. like 像,跟一样（prep.）/ likely 很可能（ adj.）；55. time 时间 /times 时代,时期 /timely及时的。56.so/suchthat “多多少少”(many/much /little/few)前用so四、短文改错口诀动词形、名词数，词性误用形和副； 冠/介小词错漏多，代词错在数与格； 动词二态非谓语，句子成分多分析； 从句常考引导词，固定搭配莫迟疑； 语法牢记四一致，逻辑关系细推理。五、短文改错应遵循的原则错误以改动最少为原则 虚词以增加或删除为原则实词以改变形式为原则原意以保持不变为原则六、短文改错解题技巧浏览全文 掌握大意分句阅读 逐行找错由易到难 各个击破通读全文 检查核对四川卷Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Dont panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.浙江卷I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people. Before long, a train inspector comes to check out tickets. A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket but became quite upset. Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success. No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. Yet, they had so quickly offered the strangers their help. If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in.全国大纲卷All of us need friendship. The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other. Otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship to last long. As an old saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” So really friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests. And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can. The more friends we have, the more we can learn for one another, but the more pleasure we can share together. 新课标卷1Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden, since then-for all these year-we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please. As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! Thank you for your letter. To tell you the truth, I have thought a lot of about whether you should buy a computer to help you with your study. On my opinion, you had better not. For one reason, it is easy for you to develop some bad habits once you have it, such as play computer games, seeing movies and so on, what will be a waste of time. For other reason, buying a computer does not mean you can study good. If you want to make progresses, you need to put your heart into my study and work hard. Whether you have a computer or not are not the most important .Do you agree me?looking forward to your reply.(改错并背诵)1. of/ 2. On-in4. Wgresses-progress8.my-your9.are-is10.withGood morning, everyone, The topic of my speech is “let us pick up a book and read.” Nowadays, under the growth of the In