初二英语(人教版)教案Unit 5 Working hard on the farm.doc

第五单元Working hard on the farm一、 教法建议抛砖引玉单元双基学习目标 .词汇学习： hard,far,hold,more,most,strong,careful,reach,busy,geton,becareful,metre=meter,kilometre=kilometer,truck,ladder,climb,lift,dangerous .语法学习：数量的比较。 somemore，the most (of)，a few，fewer(than),the fewest (of)。 .交际英语： How far is it? Only a few kilometres. Hes stronger than her. Is Jim picking more apples than Kate? Who has the most apples,Li Lei,Jim or Lily? Please be careful. Dont go too high. I cant reach them. Its dangerous! Some of the(apples)are hard to reach. Lets get on the bus.指点迷津单元重点词汇点拨 1.hard努力地，猛烈地 We are working hard.我们在努力工作。 He worked hard for the test.他为了考试而拼命用功。 It is raining hard(=heavily).雨下得很大。 The wind blows hard at night.夜里风刮得很猛。 【点拨】该词也可作形容词表“硬的”，此时反义词是soft。be used to“习惯于”。试比较下面句子区别： He is used to working hard.他习惯于拼命干活。 2.far远的 The bus stop is not far from here.汽车站离这儿不远。 How far is it from here to there?从这儿到那儿有多远? 【点拨】该词的比较级和最高级分别是：farther,farthest;further,furthest。另外，它还可作副词。 How far did you go?你走了多远? Did your father go far?你父亲走远了吗? I often work far into the night.我经常工作到深夜。 注意：as far as I(we)know.就我(们)所知。 As far as I know,she is a famous singer.据我们所知，她是著名的歌唱家。 3.metre=meter米 The room is six metres long,four metres wide and three metres high.这个房间长6米，宽4米，高3米。 【点拨】kilometre千米(公里)，foot英尺，inch英寸。该词为合成词，由kilo+metre构成。如：kilogram千克。 The train is travelling as a speed of sixty kilometres an hour.火车以每小时60公里的速度前进。 The bridge is about two kilometres long.这座桥大约有两公里长。 4.hold拿，握住，抓住，抱 Would you hold the keys for me please?你能替我拿一下钥匙呢? Shall I hold you bag?我来帮你拿袋子好吗? She was holding her baby in her arms.她抱着她的婴孩。 They held each others hands.他们互相握手。 【点拨】该词亦可作“举行，召开”讲，另外还可作名词用。如：catch hold of 抓住。还要注意其过去式，过去分词是held。如： We will hold a sports meet soon.我们不久要开运动会。 5.lift举起，抬起 I cant lift the box.Its too heavy.这箱子太重，我搬不动。 Stop looking at the book,lift your head up.别看书了，抬书头来。 【点拨】此词亦可作名词“电梯”讲。另外，give sb.a lift带某人一程。如： You can take the lift to the ninth floor.你可以乘电梯到9楼。 Shall we go up the stairs or take the lift?我们是走上楼或是乘电梯? 6.more更多的 There are more boy students in our class than in their class.我们班男生比他们班男生多。 We need more help.我们需要更多的帮助。 【点拨】该词为many和much的比较级形式。once more再一次，口语中no more的意思是“去世”。 7.most最多的，多数的 She has the most interest in English.她对英语最感兴趣。 Most people like watching TV.多数人喜欢看电视。 Who has the most need of help?谁最需要帮助? 【点拨】该词可作副词“最，最为，很，非常”讲。它还是many和much的最高级。如： This is the most helpful(useful)book of the three.这是三本中最有用的书。 It is most kind of you to help me.你太好了，帮了我的忙。 Mary writes most careful in the class.在班里，玛丽写得最认真。 注意：most of大多数，a most/very一个非常。如： Paris is a most beautiful city.巴黎是一个非常美丽的城市。 8.strong强壮的，坚强的，强烈的 He is tall and strong.他长得又高又结实。 Dont sit on that chair.Its not very strong.不要坐那把椅子，那椅子不结实。 They built a strong wall.他们建造了一道坚固的墙。 He had a strong will.他有坚强的意志。 【点拨】其反义词为weak。 9.rach伸(手)，够，到达 He reached out his hand for the book.他伸手去拿书。 He reached London before dark.他天黑前到达伦敦。 Your letter didnt reach me.我没收到你的来信。 【点拨】该词表“到达”是及物动词，相当于arrive at/in,get to。注意其他词组：out of ones reach够不到，超出范围。reach for伸手去拿。 10.dangerous危险的 It is dangerous to play with knife.拿刀子玩是很危险的。 【点拨】该词为danger的形容词形式。dangerous是具有“危险性的人或者物”，in danager是某人或某物“处于危险的境地”。试比较： That dog looks very dangerous.那只狗看来有(咬人的)危险。 That dog is ill.It is in danger.那只狗病了，它(的病情)很危险。 11.busy忙的，繁忙的 Autumn is a busy season.秋天是个繁忙的季节。 I was busy all day.我整天忙碌。 John is busy with his lesson.约翰在忙于他的功课。 【点拨】be busy with忙于某事，be busy(in)doing sth.忙于做某事，as busy as a bee 忙碌。 12.puzzle难题 This is quite a puzzle to me.对我来说这是一个大难题。 【点拨】该词可作动词，意为“使迷惑”。puzzling令人迷惑不解的，puzled被迷惑的。如：That is a puzzling question. She was puzzled. We can see this from her puzzled face. 那个问题是个难题，她感到很难，我们从她迷惑不解的脸上能看出来。 13.careful小心的，仔细的。 Be careful not to run when you cross the road.过马路小心，不要跑。 【点拨】反义词为careless粗心大意的。单元词组思维运用 1.how far多远 How far is it?(它)有多远? How far is your home?你家(离这儿)有多远? How far away is the school from here?学校离这儿有多远? 【提示】与how连用的短语还有：how soon多久，多快；how often多长时间一次(几次)；how many 多少(用于可数名词)；how much多少(用于不可数名词)；how old多大年龄；how long多长，多久。 注意：当有具体数字时，不要用“be+数字+far away from”，应该用“be+数字+away from”，表达“离多远”。如： Our school is three kilometres away from here.我们学校离这儿有3公里远。 2.on the tree和in the tree的区别 Hes picking the apples on the tree.他正在摘树上的苹果。(树自身生长的) The bird is singing in the tree.那只鸟正在树上唱歌。(鸟是飞去的外来事物) 【提示】前者表示长在树上的，也就是说树自身生长出的。后者表示(外来物)在树上，不是树自身生长出的。二、 学海导航学法指要单元句型思维明晰 1.the+形容词最高级+of the+数字的句型 He is making the biggest cake of the three.他正在做三块蛋糕中最大的那块蛋糕。 He is the shortest of all.他是所有人当中最矮的。 注意：这是形容词最高级中有限的(具体的)几个之间的比较，和对某范围内全体之间的比较。如： This is the shortest of the tree roads.这是三条路中最近的一条。 She is the tallest of the five.她是五个人当中最高的。 Who is eating the nost of all?所有的人当中谁吃得最多? 2.Dont是祈使句的否定式，是劝说别人、告诫别人不要干某事的用语。 Dont go too high.不要爬得太高了。 Dont go there.别上那儿去。 Dont be late again.别再迟到了。 Dont worry.不要着急。 Dont move.不要动。 Dont take it away.不要把它拿走。单元难点疑点释疑 1.How far is it?有多远? 1)How far is it?是How far is the farm from here的缩写，it这里指距离。如： How far is your home from school?你家离学校有多远? How far is the zoo?动物园有多远? 2)与how连用的短语还有：how many多少(用于可数)，how much多少(用于不可数)，how long多长，多久。how often多么时间一次，how old多大，how soon多久，多快。如： How often do you watch TV?你多么时间看一次电视? How many birds can you see in the picture?在图中你可以看见多少只鸟? How much food do you need?你需要多少食物? How sonn will he be back?他要多久回家? 2.Lets get on the bus. 1)get on上车，get off the bus下车。 2)祈使句中用“Lets表示包括对方在内一起做某事，用“Lets开头则不名括对方在内。如： Let us go home,teacher.老师，让我们回家吧。 3.only a few kilometres.只有几公里。 1)only a few kilometres是Its only a few kilometres away from here的省略形式。 2)kilometres是由kilo和metre构成的复合词。其他的复合词还有：class+mateclassmate同学，play+groundplayground操场，home+workhomework.家庭作业。 4.Hes stronger than her.他比她(身体)壮。 注意：than后面可用人称代词宾格(me,you,him)，也可用人称代词的主格(I,you,he)。如： He is younger than I(am).他比我年轻。 Hes older than me.他比我年龄大。 I have more apples than he has.我的苹果比他的多。 5.behind you 在你后面 behind you意为at the back of you.behind往往指位置方面的前后。其反义词是infront of 。after常指时间方面的前后，其反义词是before。 6.Can you reach them?你够得着吗? 注意：reach意为“到达”，这里是“够得着”的意思。get to,arive也有“到达”的意思。如： He reached Shanghai yesterday.他昨日抵沪。 7.Be careful.当心 be careful与watch out意义相同，都是“当心”的意思。 8.Hes picking the apples on the tree.他在摘那棵树上的苹果。 表示树上的花、叶子、果实，用介词on,如：the flowers on this tree。不是长在树上的则用介词in,如：the birds in the tree(树上的小鸟)。 9.Some of the apples are hard to reach.有些苹果难以够着。 (be)hard to do sth意思是难于做某事。如： Its hard to finish all my homework today.今天很难完成我的家庭作业。 Its hard to finish this task.很难完成这项任务。 10.He is coming down the ladder now.他正从梯上下来。 注意：句中down在此兼作副词和介词用，意为“沿着往下来”。若说come down,此时down则为副词，意为“下来”。诸如此类的词down,up,along,off等和动词连用时是副词，但后面再接名词时就成了介词。如： The car passed by.汽车开过去了(by为副词)。 The car passed by the school.汽车从学校旁开过(by为介词)。 11.But mine are better than yours.但是我的苹果比你的好，加上“的”字好些。 mine是名词性物主代词，意思是my apples。同样，yours=your apples.如： She has some flowers,but mine are more than hers,Hers are fewer than mine.她有一些花，但我的花比她的多，她的花比我的少。 12.look,see,watch的区别 1)look是不及物动词，后面要加介词at,look at sth.表示主观上有意识地去看。 2)see意为“看见”，是及物动词，不一定是有意识地去看，是强调视觉的结果。 3)watch是主观上有目的地、注视地、比较认真地看，也是及物动词。 三个词均表示用眼睛看，请看下面句子，来体会三者的区别： Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。 Its very nice to see you again.又见到你了，真太好了。 When are you going to watch the football?你打算什么时候去看足球赛? 13.tall和high的区别 1)fall和high均有“高”的意思，但是tall指细长物体，一般指人或物。而high不指人，仅指事物。如： Tom is tall.汤姆是高个。 The mountain is high.那座山很高。 2)指建筑物的高度时，两词皆可用。如： He lives a tall building.他住在一栋高楼里。妙文赏析Quick Thinking One day,Tony met his friend,Alan,in the street.Tony was quite rich,but Alan was poor,The two boys walked along the street together. They talked about many things.Tony liked to listen to music and he told Alan about some new songs.Alan liked reading,and he told Tony about some new books. They had the same friends,amd they talked about these,too. then Tony remembered something.“I lent you ten dollars last week.”he said.“Can you give it back to me?” “Im very sorry,Tony.”Alan said.“I forgot about it.” He thought about this money for a minute.Then he said,“I havent got any money with me today.Ill pay you back tomorrow.” “All right.”Tony said,“I can wait another day.” At that moment a man ran up.He had a knife in his hand.Alan and Tony were afraid,He was a dangerous man. “Give me your money.”he said to Tony. Tony took out his wallet(钱包)and gave it to the thief(贼，小偷). The thief took out the money and threw the wallet on to the ground. “Now you give me your money.”he said to Alan.Alan thought quickly.He took out his wallet,but he did not give it to the thief.He gave it to Tony and said,“I owe(欠)you some money,Tony.Here it is.”思维体操根据所给句子的句意补充己给了首字母的单词： 1.Mr Smith usually has breakfast at 6:30 and has I 11:30. 2.S is the hottest season of the year. 3.Be quick or youll be I for school. 4.You can draw a picture on the b of our classroom. 5.He drinks a g of water every three hours. 6.My clock doesnt work.Can you m it for me? 7.The old woman couldnt o the door because she had lost her key. 8.What c do you like better,blue or green? 9.I often w letters to my penfriends in Australia. 10.people g tea and rice in the south of China.【参考答案】1.lunch 2. September 3.late 4.blackboard 5.glass 6.mend 7.open 8.colour 9.write 10.grow三、智能显示心中有数单无语法发散思维使用be going to的五个诀窍： be going to是一种固定结构，形式上是动词go的现在进行时，但表达的却是将来的含义。在使用上要注意以下几点： 1.表示主观上打算在最近或将来某时要做某事，常与tomorrow,this afternoon,next year等表示将来的时间状语连用。如： I am going to do some shopping this afternoon.今天下午我要去买些东西。 They are going to visit the Great Wall nest week.下周他们要去参观长城。 What are you going to do tomorrow?你明天准备干什么? 2.表示根据主观上判断将来要发生的事。如： Look at those clouds,Its going to rain.看那些云，要下雨了。 Its eight oclock.You are going to be late.八点了，你要迟到了。 3.表示按计划或安排要发生的事。如： They are going to have a meeting next week.下周他们要安排一个会。 The shop is going to open on July 1.这家商店将在7月1日开张。 4.be going to中的be有人称和数的变化，be应与主语保持一致，to后应接动词原形。如： I am going to play badminton.我要去打羽毛球。 They are going to have a swim.他们要去游泳。 5.be going to 后面的动词如果是come,go,leave等时，可以直接用这些词的现在进行时来表示将要发生的动作，因为这些词一般不与be going to连用。如： He is coming here soon.他很快就要来这里。 She is going to the farm with Tom.她要和汤姆一起去农场。 We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我们打算明天去北京。动脑动手单元能力立体检测要点分析： 1.here a letter and two books for you. ( ) A.is B.are C.have D.has2.There are many near the river. ( ) A.apple trees B.apples trees C.apples tree D.apples tree 3.Thats and they all . ( ) A.hard work,hard work B.work hard,work hard C.hard work,work hard D.work hard,hard work 4.“ is she going to study in America?”“About four years.” ( ) A.How far B.How much C.How long D.How often 5. to stay there on Sundays. A.Few children want B.Few child want C.Few children wants D.Few child wants 6.There are too many people.Lets get of the bus.(改错) 7.We all are here Lets get on the bus.(改错) 8.They are Picking apples on that tree.(改错) 【参考答案】 1.A。here放句首时，其后的谓语动词与there一样，要依据与其最近的主语来定，句中a letter and two books虽为联合主语，但依然要以a letter为准而用“is” 2.A。在名词复数的变化过程中，复合名词变复数时，中心词+s。如本题。再如，some girl students等。当中心词前的名词对中心词有限定作用时，则二者均变为复数。如：three women teachers三个女老师。 3.C。前一分句中使用hard形容词的词性，作不可数名词work的定语，而后一分句中使用hard副词的词性，放在动词work的后面作状语。此句可译成：“那是艰巨的任务，他们都干的很卖力。” 4.C。从句子的答语“大约四年”中可以看出，原句的疑问词应使用问一段时间的词，而选项所示四个由how引导的疑句词含义如下：多远(问距离)，多少(问数量或价格)，多长(问一段时间或距离)，多么(问频率)。由此判定答案是C。 5.A。如“疑难解析”中所述few;a few修饰可数名词的复数形式，由此可排除B、D。另外，虽然few含否定含义，当“几乎没有”解，但要与a few一样，即：由它们所修饰的主语，其后谓词动词一律用复数形式。由此可否定C，所以选A。 6.这个句子可以译成：“人太多，咱们下车吧。”“下车”这一词组应使用“off”而非“of”。 7.将all are改为are all。all在句中的位置应在系动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前。8.将on改为in，虽然on和in皆可用于the tree前但含义不同。on the tree指物体为树的一部分如果实、枝叶等，in the tree则反之。题中apples之前无定冠词修饰，可见不特指。所以后面的介词短语只能是全句的状语。而句子的主语是人非物，因此介词只能用in。创新园地 Mr Robert Smith is a worker.He comes from America.He was born in 1965 in Washington.When he was a child,he heard(听说)a lot about China,the friendly(友好)Chinese people and delicious Chinese food.He wanted very much to live and work in China.He came to Beijing with his wife and children in 1990.Now he lives at 14 Xidan Street and works in Beijing TV Factory. 【赏析】这篇文章介绍了一个人物Smith。我们可以从下面表中的提示来理解，看一看你能否把表填好。 Name: Year of birth: Birth place: Mother language:Age:Address(now): Working place:四、同步题库.用所给动词的适当形式填空： 1.Thank you for (give)me some nice pictures. 2.Look,Mr Wang (play)football on the playground. 3.Kate and John (see)Uncle Wang tomorrow. 4.I like (skate)in winter. 5. you usually (not go)to school on foot? 6.There (be)an English evening this Sunday. 7.Mid-Autumn Day (come)in September or October. 8.Kate wants (help)some farmers with their work. 9.Id like you (meet)my little sister next Monday. 10.I usually go to school by bike.Tomorrow I (go)to school on foot.选词填空： hard,far,geton,chimb,holding,lift,more,strong,careful,dangerous,busyd,elicious,good 1.Jim has five apples.Tom has three apples.So Jim has than Tom. 2.There are many good bananas high up on the tree.Its to . 3.It can be to jump down from trees. 4.My home is very from our school. 5.Be .Dont run so fast. 6.John is and he can the heavy box onto the truck. 7.There is chicken in this bowl and it is . 8.The woman under the tree is a baby in her arm. 9.The bus is coming.Lets it. 10.“Are you ?”“Yes,I have a lot of work to do.” .根据要求写单词： 1.busy (反义词) 2.much (比较级) 3.few (最高级) 4.carry (现在分词) 5.many (最高级) 6.too (同音词) 7.meat (同音词) 8.lift (现在分词) .选择题： 1.Thats good big Shop.I every week. ( ) A.go here B.come here C.go there D.come there 2.Here a letter and two pictures for you. ( ) A.is B.are C.have D.has 3.I dont think his English is better than . ( ) A.theirs B.my C.his D.her 4. a fine day today. ( ) A.Its B.This is C.Thats D.Theres 5.There are many near the river. ( ) A.pear trees B.pears trees C.pears tree D.pear tree 6.He gets the bus and comes up to me. ( ) A.out B.out of C.off D.on to 7. people know about it. ( ) A.Very few B.Very a few C.Only a little D.Very little 8.Please here. ( ) A.sit in B.sitting C.sit D.sit down 9. throw the fruit. ( ) A.Dont B.Arent C.Not D.No 10. any rice in the bag? ( ) A.There are B.There is C.Is there D.Are there 11.Some heavy baskets are hard . ( ) A.to lift B.lifts C.lifting D.lift 12.You dont have apples.I have more than you. ( ) A.many B.much C.a lot D.some 13.His bike is newer than mine. ( ) A.much B.many C.more D.most 14.Its time have a class. ( ) A.for B.of C.with D.to 15. animal lives only in China? ( ) A.Who B.Which C.Whose D.Where 16.The students are all here now.Lets the bus. ( ) A.get on B.gets on C.get D.getting on 17.Its cold. your sweater. ( ) A.Have on B.Wear C.Put on D.Get on 18.A. is it from here? ( ) B:Its 5 kilometres. A.How far B.How lon