托福口语常见语法.doc

Mission 2. 总结出常用的语法结构，如：虚拟语气、非谓语动词、被动语态、强调句式、倒装句，并以例句的形式表示，每个语法至少罗列5个例句，并找出相应的练习题目。Mission 3. 总结出托福口语第二题的答题方式，列出至少5种，即同意的选择5种&否定的选择5种。Mission 2 常见语法一. 非谓语动词：不能做谓语的动词。主要应用做主语，宾语，状语。动词不定式 to + v：表示目的或结果，或者某个具体的动作。1. To let children do a part-time job helps cultivate their independence and self-control. 2. It is difficult for a dog lover to stop keeping her puppy in the dorm.3. Modern people tend to take in a large amount of fat, protein and salt.动名词 v-ing：表示动作的主动概念和进行意义。1. Its simply a waste of time watching TV. 2. Reading is really fun. 3. The best way of keeping fit is to do aerobic exercises and reduce junk food intake. * 后面必须加动名词的动词：admit 承认 / advise 建议 / appreciate 感激 / avoid 避免 / consider 考虑 / delay 推迟 / deny 否认 / discuss 讨论 / dislike 不喜欢 / enjoy 喜爱 / escape 逃脱 / excuse 原谅 / fancy 设想 / finish 完成 / forbid 禁止 / forgive 原谅 / imagine 想像 / keep 保持 / mention 提及 / mind 介意 / miss 没赶上 / pardon 原谅 / permit 允许 / practise 练习 / prevent 阻止 / prohibit 禁止 / put off 推迟 / report 报告 / risk 冒险 / stop 停止 / suggest 建议 / carry on 继续 / cant help 禁不住 / feel like 想要 / give up 放弃 / keep on 继续 / put off 推迟 / set about 开始，着手 / object to 反对 / insist on 坚持 / pay attention to 注意 / stick to 坚持 / get down to 开始认真做 / look forwards to 期盼 / be get used to 习惯于 / lead to 导致 / be devoted to 致力于，专用于 现在分词 v-ing：表示动作的主动或进行；1. Some advertisements are misleading and cheating. 2. watching soap operas is time-consuming.3. Some TV programs are so tempting and alluring that children are addicted to it. 过去分词 v-ed：表示动作的被动或完成。1. Overseas students are vulnerable to feel depressed when facing difficulties. 2. Children should have study and game well dealt with. 3. All things considered, forcing the children to do a part-time job is a feasible means to cultivate their independence. 真题练习：Do you agree with the statement that watching TV is a waste of time? (2011.7.8, 2010.10.31)Watching TV is a multi-functional way of leisure. Besides relaxing and having fun from some entertainment programs, we can also get informed by watching some serious news programs or talk shows in depth which are designed for well-educated adults. Plenty of great TV programs broadcast by satellite flourish a lot our lives. 二. 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是假设、愿望、怀疑、或推测。基本虚拟语气现在：If did/were, would/should/could/might do.过去：If had done/had been, would/should/could/might have done/been.将来：If were to/should do, would/should/could/might do.1. If cellphone had not been invented, our lives couldnt have been changed so dramatically. 2. If Steve Job were still alive, the cellphone would be redefined again. 3. If Apple were to launch an Iphone 10, it might become the next big thing. 名词从句中的虚拟语气动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。1. University made the suggestion that they add low-calories food in the coffeehouse for students. 2. School demands that student not take laptop to go to the class.其他句型中的虚拟语气如：在it is time后面的定语从句1. Its time children made decision by themselves. 2. Its time somebody taught you to behave yourself.真题练习：If friends from another country were going to spend time in your country, what food would you recommend they eat? What suggestions will you give your friend on the food and location, if he/she wants to open a restaurant?Describe one thing that youve always wanted to do but havent done yet.Do you like travel to somewhere you have never been to or the place you have ever been. Your friend wants to drop out of university or college, do you agree or disagree?If she dropped out of college, she might have set up her own business or been an actress. Addicted by glamour of being a celebrity, she made the decision that she abandon her study. If I were given a chance to learn a skill, I would have learnt glass blowing. Because the crystal beauty inspired me and the combination of tough material and breath-breaking hue appeals to me. I wish I go to learn this unique technique in the famous workshop near the Saint Martin Square in Venice. 三被动语态：Be + done1. Children are exposed to violence and pornography if there is no censorship for Internet. 2. The Internet should be made full use of to spread democracy and different cultures. 3. Problems caused by excessive cars should be concerted by everyone. 4. Sixteen-year-old people are not allowed to drive out themselves since some parents think they are not mature enough. 5. In some cities, private cars are banned to drive into city center. 真题练习：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are old enough to do so. Do you think parents should be involved in their childrens decision making for the college?四强调句 ：it is/was that/who1. It is parents who are the best teacher for children. 2. It is children who make the decision for college. 3. It is my favorite singer Pixie lott who I want to know more about. 4. It is Harry Potter that my favorite book is. 5. It is Unite States that I want to travel. 真题练习：Describe your favorite teacher. A person you regard as your role model. What is your favorite subject? Describe your favorite subject when you were in primary school. Explain why you like it. Your favorite area in your city. What is your favorite outdoor place to do exercise in a nice day? 五倒装句 ：主谓倒装否定副词开头: barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely, never, no soonerthan, no more, not nearly, not only 以及 only. 介词+ no + 名词：at no time, by no means, for no reason, in no way, on no account, at no point, in no case, in/under no circumstances. So/suchthat, asas 从句, no matter how, however的状语从句1. Only in larger mall, can you have various choices of clothes. 2. Not only in abroad, can student learn independent and true English. 3. In no case should we accept unreliable person to be friend. 4. At no time expect you to be on the same page with anyone. 5. So attracting is the TV program that people want to watch it everyday. 真题练习：Describe one thing that youve always wanted to do but havent done yet. Do you like travel to somewhere you have never been to or the place you have ever been. Give a piece of suggestion to your friend who is afraid of speaking in the public place.Never has my friend Jesse given a speech in public. She is afraid of speaking in front of a bunch of people no matter how familiar, how friendly and how tolerable they are. So scared is she that shed rather die than speak in public. Mission 3 T2的不同答题方式Agree1. In my opinion, In my point of view, As far as I am concerned, As for me, Attitude towards it varies a lot I think, Frankly speaking /to be frank, To be honest, Actually, To tell the truth, A is better/ A is more beneficial/ practical/feasible/tangible, A works better/ A has more advantages/benefits 2. I agree with . I side with A which means I think I favor A over B 3. Of course, / Absolutely. /Exactly, / Definitely, . A overweighs B/ A takes more weig