英语完形填空.doc

1/26/2020 二轮专题 完形填空 陈梦圆 张雨亭 英语备考之完形填空英语完型填空是很多考生丢分的地方，往往只要读文章的时候意思没弄明白，或者产生主观想象，那么会导致一错再错。以往大家认为，只有把文章读明白了，几乎把每个句子、每个单词弄明白了，才能有把握做题。而事实上，完形填空是有一定技巧的。 英语完型的技巧比较多，但对大家而言并不一定全部适用，我这列出一些大家常用的方法，并针对这些方法给出一套简单的解题思想。一、完形填空题型特点1、阅读文章短，设空多为了测试学生的语言知识综合能力，控制试题短文长度及挖空密度是必要的。一般来说，短文的长度在250-300个单词左右。平均每两空间隔12个左右单词。2、考查重语境，轻语法从近10年的高考完形填空试题来看，完全考查语法知识的题几乎没有。百分之九十五的题都是四个选项的语法功能和结构相同，只有通过文章情节既语境才能做出正确作答。3、考查实词多，虚词少实词是指那些能够独立承当句子成分的词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等；虚词则是指连词、介词、冠词等。完形填空的选项设计百分之八十左右为实词。二、解题技巧1、快读全文，整体理解全文大意在不看选项的情况下，快速阅读整篇文章，了解全文大意。考生要认真理解重点句子的意思，了解文章背景，理清文章内容线索。在快速阅读过程中，不要急于动笔选答案，要一口气读到底。遇到不懂的地方跳过去，继续往下读，以求纵观上下文，获得对文章内容的整体理解，从而确定解题的基本思路，切忌看一空选一题。2、细读短文，选择答案，上下文联系，通篇考虑在通读全文，了解短文大意的基础上，联系上下文，运用逻辑思维进行比较、判断，选出既符合词义、句义，又上下文连贯，合乎情理的准确答案。往往有这种情况，一处空白，从单句来说，四个选项都符合该句的句型结构和语法要求，这就要求考生联系上下文，按着文章线索，找出文章中与选项有关的信息词，选出符合上下文语境需要的最佳选项。上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系是做好完形填空的关键。3、避开疑点，先易后难在做题时，应从易到难，先选出确定的、直接的、明确的答案。如遇到少数确实不会的题，切忌徘徊不前，这会严重影响大体速度。可以先跳过去继续往下做，很可能从下文中找到此题的有关暗示或信息。4、从句子分析和语篇分析两方面着手。对句子分析可解决大部分问题，主要是从固定搭配、词语辨析、语法要求等角度分析，这要求学生应有扎实的语法和词汇基础及良好的语感。语篇分析是对于和整个语篇或上下文相关的问题而言。从局部或句子的角度看多个答案都可选，但是从全文角度看却只能选一个。这种题就要求在整体把握的基础上对句子内部成份进行分析。一般地说，解答完形填空题因遵循以下四个步骤：(1)快速通读全文，抓主旨脉络，特别注意首尾句。文章都有中心议题和中心内容。快速通读全文，才能全局在胸，理清思路；抓住主线，才能使思维朝着正确的方向发展。在阅读中要特别注意提示句，尽量记忆关键词、句，力求把文章内容串联起来并在脑海中形成一个完整的图像。(2) 弄清主旨脉络以后，要逐句精读、逐句分析，用平时积累的英语语法和语言知识，根据文中语义、惯用搭配、文中前后逻辑以及常识进行客观推测，务必克服平时的思维定式。在选择答案的过程中，要先易后难；对少数难题，可暂定答案，在复读全文后再加以分析推敲。(3) 瞻前顾后，寻觅启示信息。启示信息有以下几个方面：首句提供的信息；通读全文获得的信息；已经补充完整句子提供的信息；后问提供的信息；平时积累的常识和背景知识提供的信息。对上述信息，要全面考虑，寻找启示，做出选择。(4)复读全文，力求从旁观者的角度清醒地重新审视文章，从整体角度核校答案，进一步加深对文章的理解。要根据文章的中心思想与各段落之间、前后句之间的内在逻辑关系，检查文章的整体性；也可以从语法、词义、惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和修改答案。5、有些题不要钻牛角尖，用正常的思维去考虑，不要把问题搞得太复杂。6、选项填完后，一定要再读全文，从整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否和谐一致、前后照应，上下文衔接。 总体而言，上述的方法都是大家平时累积的，但是很多同学记不住这么多窍门，现在给大家归纳总结一下完型填空答题的一个简单的思路：就是充分利用前后文的暗示词，只需注重介词、关联连词、转折词、称谓代词、指示代词、方位词、时间。这种将多种方法简化为具体词汇的思想，可以帮助大家在做题时，马上把精力放在提示点上，可以把整篇文章变的简单而且所填选项更加明确。2013高考英语二轮专题限时训练：完形填空（解析版）（一）When I was nine, my family and some friends took a trip. During the trip some members of the group felt 1 , so we stopped at a small stand (摊位). Everyone lined up to buy their food. 2 , after I finished eating, I was still a little hungry and wanted some 3 . Soon I was sure my parents wouldnt 4 me any candy. I have to think of a plan, I thought. Then an old lady 5 to buy something she wanted, and would have to get back in line. I knew what I could do. So I rushed to her and volunteered my 6 . She 7 and gave me a $20 bill to get some chips. When I reached the stand, I found 8 from our group was around. Then I spent the 9 $20 buying the candy. I thought 10 , I have almost bought all the candy for the next century! But then, I 11 I should explain to the old lady why I bought no chips and where the whole bill had gone. 12 , an idea occurred to me. So I shouted, I was robbed! Upon 13 this, the old lady rushed to me to see if I 14 any harm. However, my parents just stayed behind, without any 15 . With so much candy being found in my bag, they knew I was 16 ! When my daddy stared at me angrily, I knew I had to tell the 17 . As a result, I was blamed and had to apologize to the old lady for my 18 action. Later, I had to work during the whole summer holiday to 19 the old lady back that $20. From this 20 , I learned a lesson. I also promised that I would never do it again in the future.1A. hungryB. angry C. bored D. worried 2A. Therefore B. Besides C. However D. Though 3A. juice B. candy C. money D. chips 4A. buy B. lend C. leave D. show 5A. refused B. remembered C. promised D. forgot 6A. opinion B. service C. dream D. decision 7A. argued B. agreed C. considered D. doubted 8A. nobody B. somebody C. everybody D. anybody 9A. whole B. major C. certain D. actual 10A. fearfully B. regretfully C. excitedly D. carefully11A. hoped B. realized C. discovered D. understood12A. Gradually B. Immediately C. Suddenly D. Slowly 13A. watching B. telling C. finding D. hearing 14 A. made B. received C. meant D. accepted15A. words B. thoughts C. expressions D. actions 16A. explaining B. joking C. lying D. stealing17A. condition B. truth C. situation D. case 18A. humorous B. generous C. dishonest D. dangerous 19A. offer B. afford C. pass D. pay 20A. experiment B. example C. punishment D. experience【答案】1A2C3B4A5D6B7B8A9A10C11B12C13D14B15A16C17B18C19D20D【解析】本文讲述小时候跟随父母旅行，途中使用计谋骗了20美元买糖吃，父母亲知道后，罚我自己赚钱还给那个被骗的人。1形容词辨析。根据后面的buy their food可知答案应为C。2副词辨析。吃完后，仍然有点饿，可只是转折关系。3名词辨析。根据下一行的candy可知答案应为B.4动词辨析。知道父母亲不会给我买(buy)奶糖。5动词辨析。从后面的get back in line可知忘了(forgot)买什么东西了。6名词辨析。我志愿提供我的服务(service ).7动词辨析。从后面女士给了他20美元钱可知，她同意了。8不定代词辨析。作者看到周围没有他们组里的人。9根据下文的the whole bill had gone，可知答案为whole.10副词辨析。因为一下子有了这么多糖，所以是激动地想。11动词辨析。因为用了别人的钱，高兴之余，意识到得向女士解释。12副词辨析。突然(suddenly)，我想到了一个主意。13动词辨析。女士听到(hearing)我的喊声，立即冲过来。14动词辨析。女士冲过来问我是否受到(receive)伤害。15名词辨析。父母亲知道后，没有说任何话。16动词辨析。看到包里这么多奶糖，父母知道我撒谎了。17名词辨析。父亲生气地盯着我，我只好说了实话。18形容词辨析。因为我的不诚实(dishonest) 的行为向女士道歉。19动词辨析。我不得不工作整个暑假来偿还那个女士的钱。20名词辨析。从这个经历中，我得到了一个教训。（二）December 24 arrived along with a heavy snow. It was my first Christmas Eve without my mother, and the days usual 21 had disappeared.The telephone rang. I 22 it and went to my bedroom to bury the continuous 23 , knowing it must be my friend Rebecca calling. How could I be 24 ? I wanted to be left 25 .My heart felt as 26 as the falling snow. 27 can I stop missing my mother?I 28 the window. Seeing Rebeccas car parked out front, I went back to my bed and drew the covers over my head.“Lucy!” she shouted. “I know youre in there. Answer the door!”“Leave me alone!” I 29 back. I heard paper rustling(沙沙作响) as she slid 30 under the door.“Merry Christmas, ” she called out.Not answering the 31 made me even 32 . It wasnt fair to my best friend. Her father and sister 33 in a car accident when she was eight years old. 34 , her mother had to return to 35 , and Rebecca was left to look after herself.When she left, I carried the small package, sat down and 36 it. Inside was a golden pen and a journal. When I opened the journals front cover, out fell a bookmark with a (n) 37 written on it:Dear Lucy, My words wont heal（治愈）the 38 . But your own words can. Love, RebeccaAs I stared at the journals blank pages, a single tear fell on the page which quickly absorbed it.That night, I 39 the phone and dialed her number. “Looks like the snow is melting(融化), ” I said. “Spring was just _40_the corner.”21A. excitement B. disappointmentC. fright D. pity22A. answeredB. covered C. pickedD. ignored23A. pleasure B. puzzled C. sadness D. interest24A. regretful B. joyful C. comfortable D. careful25A. alive B. active C. alone D. crazy26A. light B. white C. heavy D. clear27A. Why B. Where C. Whether D. How28A. looked through B. looked into C. looked out D. looked up29A. brought B. shouted C. took D. turned30A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing31A. phone B. question C. letter D. door32A. more helpful B. more attractive C. worse D. better33A. survived B. escaped C. lived D. died34A. As a whole B. As a result C. In all D. In general35A. work B. wash C. repair D. learn36A. closed B. folded C. opened D. painted37A. article B. poem C. notice D. message38A. failure B. pain C. wish D. shame39A. picked up B. picked out C. pushed back D. put away40A. around B. over C. on D. at【答案】21A22D23C2425C26C27D28A2930B31D32C33D34B35A36C37D38B39A40A【解析】本文讲述了作者在母亲离开后过的第一个圣诞节前夜，朋友的关心使她渐渐地走出了寒冷的冬天。21名词辨析。由于母亲的离世，这个圣诞节已经没有了往日的兴奋(excitement)，故选A。22动词辨析。根据后面“我”径直走向自己的房间，可知“我”并没有去接电话，故选D。23上下文串联。“我”走进房间继续沉浸在悲伤(sadness)之中。24形容词辨析。根据上下文可知，我怎么能高兴(joyful)呢？25形容词辨析。根据句意，应该是:自己想一个待会。故选C.26形容词辨析。heavy在此处有两层含义：雪下的大，用heavy修饰；另外“我”的心情沉重，也用heavy来修饰。故heavy最恰当。27疑问词辨析。根据意思，应该是“我“怎么能够停止思念我的母亲？28动词短语辨析。根据意思，应该是透过窗户向外看，故用look through.29动词辨析。“我”在里面，朋友在门外，所以应该是“喊”。30不定代词辨析。根据句意，应该是把某样东西塞进门里。故用something.31名词辨析。根据前面朋友喊Answer the door!，可知答案为D.32形容词的比较级。没有应门使得我的心情更糟糕(worse)。33动词辨析。根据下文朋友的妈妈出去工作，和accident这样的字眼，不难看出答案为D。34短语辨析。由于父亲的离世，朋友的妈妈不得不再次回去工作(work)。故选B.35上下文串联。见上一题解释。36上下文串联。拿了包裹，坐下来打开包裹。这是三个并列的动作。37上下文联系。书签上有一个信息(message).38名词辨析。作者的母亲走了，心里肯定很痛苦，所以答案为pain。39短语辨析。根据意思，拿起（Pick up）电话,拨通了朋友的号码。40固定短语。around the corner 表示即将来临。（三）John was waiting for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didnt, the girl with the rose. Thirteen months ago, in a Florida library he took a book off the _36_and found himself interested in the notes in the margin. The soft handwriting _37_a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In front of the book, he _38_the previous owners name, Miss Hollis Maynell. With time and effort he _39_her address. He wrote her a letter _40_himself and inviting her to correspond. During the next year and one-month the two grew to know each other _41_the mail. A Romance was budding. John requested a（an） _42_, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldnt matter what she looked like. Later they _43_their first meeting7：00 pm at Grand Central Station in New York “Youll _44_me, ”she wrote, “by the red rose Ill be wearing on my lapel. ”So at 7：00 he was in the _45_looking for the girl with the red rose. A young woman in a green suit was coming toward him, her _46_long and slim and her eyes were blue as flowers. Almost _47_he made one step closer to her, and just at this moment he saw Hollis Maynella woman well past 40. The girl was walking quickly away. He felt as though he split in two, so keen was his _48_to follow her, and yet so deep was his longing for the woman whose _49_had truly companioned him and upheld his own. He did not _50_. He squared his shoulders and said, “Im John, and you must be Miss Maynell. I am so glad you could meet me；may I take you to _51_?” The woman smiled. “I dont know what this is about, son, ”she answered, “but the young lady in the green suit _52_me to wear this rose on my coat. And she said if you were to ask me out to dinner, I _53_tell you that she is waiting for you in the _54_across the street. She said it was some kind of _55_!” Its not difficult to admire Miss Maynells wisdom. The true nature of a heart is seen in its response to the unattractive. 36A. exhibition B. shelf C. figure D. diagram37A. represented B. refreshed C. replaced D. rejected38A. transformed B. conveyed C. observed D. discovered39A. located B. expressed C. settled D. evaluated40A. explaining B. introducing C. appointing D. predicting41A. by B. on C. beyond D. through42A. photograph B. E-mail C. measurement D. document43A. separate B. scheduled C. strengthen D. possessed44A. recognize B. witness C. advocate D. tolerate45A. library B. station C. downtown D. square46A. shadow B. shoulder C. appearance D. figure47A. randomly B. mentally C. uncontrollably D. ridiculously48A. desire B. dream C. attempt D. determination49A. carefulness B. wealth C. expectation D. spirit50A. hesitate B. applied C. begged D. required53A. should B. would C. may D. must54A. balcony B. restaurant C. corner D. department55A. patience B. experiment C. test D. decision【答案】36-40 BADAB 41-45 DABAB 46-50 DCADA 51-55 BCABC【解析】约翰正在等一个女孩，他们已经通信长达一年多，彼此深交已久，但却素未谋面。女孩告诉他，自己会把一朵红玫瑰别在衣领上。到了约定时间，约翰看见一位身穿绿色衣服的年轻女子，她貌美如花，但就在这时他又看见了一位别着红玫瑰的中年女人36名词辨析 根据上面的library,可知，是从书架（shelf）上取下一本书。37动词辨析represent代表 refresh使恢复，更新 replace取代 reject拒绝意为：这柔和的字迹代表着一位有思想、有见解的人。38上下文联系 他从书皮上发现（diacovered）了这本书原来主人的名字。39动词辨析locate查找的地点 express表达 settle解决 evaluate评估 意为：他花了一些时间和精力，最后终于查找（locate）到了她的地址。40动词辨析 根据上文，他写了一封信介绍（introduce）自己，并邀请她回信。41介词辨析 在随后的一年零一个月里，两个人通过(through) 信件加深了彼此之间的了解。42上下文串联 约翰要求她寄一张照片（photograph）来，但她却拒绝了。43动词辨析 后来，他们安排（schedule）了他们的第一次见面。44动词辨析 根据by the red rose Ill be wearing on my lapel，可知：你会认出(recognize)我的。witness 目击 advocate 提倡 tolerate容忍45上下文串联 根据上文 7：00 pm at Grand Central Station in New York， 可知：选B.46名词辨析 根据her _46_long and slim，可知在说她的体型长而苗条。故选B.47副词辨析 面对这么漂亮的女孩，他几乎无法控制地（uncontrollably）向她迈出了一步。48名词辨析 根据so keen 如此强烈的，可知是他想要跟着她的欲望(desire)是如此强烈。49名词辨析 根据上文可知：他想跟着那女孩的欲望是如此强烈，而他对那个灵魂(siprit)已经陪伴着他，支持着他灵魂的女孩的渴望也是如此的深。50动词辨析 他不再犹豫(hesitate)，鼓起勇气说51名词辨析 根据下文53格前面可知，如果男孩要那妇女吃饭，她将告知那女孩在等他，故这里应该是要她一起吃饭。52动词辨析 那女孩请求(beg) 那个妇女帮忙。53考查情态动词 意为：如果“你”邀“我”吃饭，我应该(should) 告知她在等饭店你.54考查名词辨析 根据上文说的邀她吃饭，故应该在饭店等他。55考查对文章的理解 这么做当然是一种考验(test).（四）As a child, I was truly afraid of the dark and of getting lost; these fears were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments. Maybe it was the strange 36 things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that 37 me so much. There was never total 38 , but a streetlight or passing car lights 39 clothes hung over a chair take on(呈现) the 40 of a wild animal. Out of the corner of my 41 , I saw the curtains seem to move when there was no 42 . A tiny sound in the floor would seem a hundred times louder than in the daylight. My 43 would run wild, and my heart would beat fast. I would 44 very still so that the “enemy” would not discover me. Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost, 45 on the way home from school. Every morning I got on the school bus right near my home .That was no 46 . After school, 47 , when all the buses were 48 up along the street, I was afraid that Id get on the wrong one and be taken to some 49 neighborhood. On school or family trips to a park or a museum, I wouldnt let the leaders out of my 50 . Perhaps one of the worst fears 51 all I had as a child was that of not being liked or 52 by others. Being popular was so important to me 53 , and the fear of not being liked was a 54 one. One of the processes(过程) of growing up is being able to 55 and overcome(克服) our fears. Understanding the things that frightened us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life. 36A. way B. time C. place D. reason37A. wounded B. destroyedC. surprised D. frightened38A. quietness B. darkness C. emptiness D. loneliness39A. got B. forced C. made D. caused40A. spiritB. height C. body D. shape41A. eye B. window C. mouth D. door42A. breathB. wind C. air D. sound43A. beliefB. feeling C. imaginationD. doubt44A. lay B. hide C. rest D. lie45A. especially B. simply C. probably D. directly46A. discussionB. problem C. joke D. matter47A. however B. yet C. although D. still48A. calledB. backed C. lined D. packed49A. old B. crowded C. poor D. unfamiliar50A. sight B. mind C. order D. task51A. above B. in C. of D. at52A. protected B. guided C. believed D. accepted53A. then B. there C. once D. anyway54A. strict B. powerful C. heavy D. right55A. form B. remember C. recognize D. recover【答案】3640ADBCD 41-45ABCDA 46-50BACDA 51-55CDABC【解析】该篇完形填空讲叙的是作者战胜对黑暗和迷失的恐惧的经过。你怕黑暗和迷失吗？36A 名词辨析。 也许是晚上作者熟悉的房间里的物件看上去有些奇怪和发出奇怪的声响。这里已提及发生的时间（time）是在晚上，地点（place）是在作者熟悉的房间，作者无从知道其原因（reason），而是事情发生的方式（way）困惑着他。37D 动词辨析。 前后照应 前文出现了I was truly afraid of the dark and of getting lost.奇怪的外表和奇怪的声音使作者担惊受怕（frightened）。wound击伤，伤害; frighten使惊吓；destroy破坏, 毁坏；surprise使惊奇, 奇袭。38B 前后照应逻辑推理。 没有完全的黑暗（darkness）。quietness寂静；emptiness 空虚；loneliness 孤独, 寂寞，此三项与文意不符。39C 词汇用法。 get sb. To do sth使/叫某人做某事；force sb. to do sth迫使某人做某事； cause sb. to do sth致使某人做某事；make sb. do sth使某人做某事，make的结构中不带to。40D常识运用。 但是街灯或是驶过的车灯照在椅子上挂着的衣服上呈现出的是野兽的外形（shape），而不是野兽的灵魂（spirit），身高（height）和身体（body）。spirit灵魂, 幽灵；height 高度；body 身体，尸体；shape外形, 形状, 形态。41A固定搭配。 注意与后面的saw一致。out of the corner of ones eye从眼角往外看。42B逻辑推理。 作者看到窗帘似乎在动，当没有风（wind）的时候，而不是没有呼吸（breath），空气（air）和声音（sound），只有风才能使窗帘动。43C 名词辨析。 只要有一点点声音，作者就会胡思乱想（imagination），心跳也会加剧。belief 信任，信仰；feeling感觉, 情绪；imagination 想象, 空想；doubt怀疑, 疑惑。44D 动词辨析。 作者就会一动也不动地躺着（lie），而不是躲藏（hide），睡眠（rest），以便不让敌人发现。lay放置，是及物动词，不合文意。45A 上下文串联。特别是在放学回家的路上怕走失。especially特别, 尤其；simply简单地，简直；probably大概, 或许; directly直接地, 立即。46B 上下文联系。 早上去学校，就在家附近搭车，不怕走失，用不着讨论（discussion），不开玩笑（joke），不是什么大事（matter），自然没有什么问题（problem）。47A 语句连贯词汇用法。 前后句之间表示转折关系，此空需要一个副词。此题四个选项都可表示转折关系，although是连词，后面需接从句；though作连词，后跟从句，与although差不多，他还可作副词，置于句末时，用逗号分开，置于句中时，前后用逗号分开，表示与前面的句子之间的转折关系，通常译为虽然/即使如此；yet和still也可表示转折关系，但它们通常置于句首，用逗号分开。48C 逻辑推理常识。 当所有的车子都沿街排列（line up）停靠时，作者担心会上错车。A. call up召唤，打电话；back up支持, 倒退；line up整队, 排列起；pack up打包, 整理。49D 常识运用逻辑推理。 担心上错车，而被带到不熟悉的（unfamiliar）地方，因而走失迷路。50A 逻辑推理词义比较。 作者总会跟着领队，不会让（let）他离开作者视线。let 让，允许；leave离开，留下；order命令；send遣送。51C 词汇用法固定搭配。 of all所有之中。52D 动词辨析。 作者最担心的是不被他人喜欢或理解（accept）。后句的Being popular was so important to me有所暗示。注意句中的并列连词or所表示的意义或者说，换言之，后面需跟一个与其前面的词意义类似的词。protect保护；guide指导，带领；believe相信，信任；accept接受, 认可，理解, 了解