Unit 2 The United Kingdom.doc

Unit 2 The United Kingdom课标导航【课文导读】Places of Interest：世界著名游览胜地英文名Mount Fuji, Japan 日本富士山TPyramids, Egypt 埃及金字塔Sydney Opera House, Australia 澳大利亚悉尼歌剧院Notre Dame de Paris, France 法国巴黎圣母院Effiel Tower, France 法国艾菲尔铁塔Arch of Triumph, France 法国凯旋门Elysee Palace, France 法国爱丽舍宫Louvre, France 法国卢浮宫Big Ben in London, England 英国伦敦大本钟Buckingham Palace, England 英国白金汉宫Hyde Park, England 英国海德公园London Tower Bridge, England 英国伦敦塔桥Westminster Abbey, England 英国威斯敏斯特大教堂Statue of Liberty, New York City, USA美国纽约自由女神像Times Square, New York City, USA 美国纽约时代广场The White House, Washington DC., USA 美国华盛顿白宫World Trade Center, New York City, USA 美国纽约世界贸易中心Central Park, New York City, USA 美国纽约中央公园Hollywood, California, USA 美国加利佛尼亚好莱坞Disneyland, California, USA 加利佛尼亚迪斯尼乐园【课标要求】知识与技能本单元的话题是“英国”。通过阅读使学生了解英国的历史和地理位置，国家的构成和名胜古迹。学习过去分词做宾语补足语的句型。了解伦敦的一些著名景观。掌握与人交流语言理解有困难时请求别人重述的几种表达方法。学习策略学生通过自学，自做，自悟，自助等方式体会和理解文章的内容，探讨英国文化。情感态度与价值观学习外语应该了解所学语言的国家的地理、历史、政治、文化、社会习俗以及该国人民的思想态度和生活方式。通过学习这篇文章，加强了学生对英国的了解，同时也使学生自然而然地对英语的理解和领悟更加深入。知识盘点【字词回顾】1. _ vi.& vt.联合；团结 2. _ vt. 澄清；阐明3. _ vt.完成；达到；实现 4. _ adj.不愿意的；不乐意的 5. _ n.便利；方便6. _ vt. 吸引；引起注意 7. _adj.令人愉快的；使人高兴的8. _ n.描写；描述 9. _ vt. 筹备；安排；整理10. _ n. 观光；游览 11. _ n. 快乐；高兴；喜悦 vt. 使高兴；使欣喜12. _adj. 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的13. _ vt. 使激动；使胆战心惊 14. _由组成15. _把分成16. _挣脱（束缚）；脱离为17. _带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在名义下18. _省去；遗漏；不考虑19. _代替20. _（使机器）损坏；破坏【句型平台】1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales _ _ _.现在人们提到英格兰时，威尔士也包括在内。2. _ _ _the four counties do work together in some areas ( eg, the currency and international relations ), but they still have different instirtutions.值得赞扬的是，这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作，例如在货币和国际关系方面；但是有些制度任然区别很大。3. England is the largest country of the four countries, and _ _ it is _ _ _ three zones.在四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为了方便起见，它大致可分为三个地区。4. You must_ _ _ _ if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.如果你想使你的英国之旅有意义的话，你就要睁开你的眼睛！5. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism _ _ _ _ _ in London.这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。【交际用语】1. 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)2. 空间 (Space：position，direction，distance)Excuse meIm afraid I cant follow youWales was linked toCan you speak more slowly，please?England and Wales were joined toconnectedI beg your pardon? Pardon?England is divided into three zonesWhat did you mean by?The zone nearestis calledI didnt understandThe middle zone is called课文精讲Section Reading Comprehending1. How many countries does the UK consist of?联合王国由多少个国家组成？consist. Vi. 组成；在于；存在于 （= be made up of ）consist of 由组成【典例精析】The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.联合王国由大不列颠和北爱尔兰组成。Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.水由氢和氧组成。【辨析拓展】相关搭配：consist of由组成，不能用于被动语态consist in 在于；主要是consist with 与一致Happiness consists in trying to do ones duty，not in amassing wealth.快乐的源泉在于尽义务，而不在于积聚财富.【巩固提高】单项选择Our golf club _ 150 members.A. consists of B. consists with C. consist in D. makes up 2. You can clarify this question if you study British history.如果你研究英国历史，你就能很容易地阐明任何问题。clarify vt. 澄清；阐明【典例精析】He clarified his stand on the issue.他澄清了他在该问题上的立场。The government has time and again clarified its position on equal pay for women?政府已经反复阐明政府对男女同工同酬的立场。My mind was clarified on this issue.对这个问题我的头脑变得清楚了。【辨析拓展】相关搭配：clarify ones stand/position 阐明自己的立场反义词为：confuse 混淆；使复杂化；使模糊不清【巩固提高】翻译我希望我说的话能澄清这一情况。_ 3. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 现在当人们提起英格兰时，威尔士也包括在内。refer to提起；说起；参考；参看；查资料；指而言；涉及；有关【典例精析】The professor referred to in the letter will give us a lecture next week.信中提到的哪个教授下周将给我们做报告。Who is the person you referred to just now?你刚提到的那个人是谁啊？When I said some people were late, I wasnt referring to you当我说有人迟到的时候，我不是指你。If you want to understand this passage well, youd better refer to the reading materials.（= look up ）想要更好地理解这篇文章的话，你最好参考一下阅读材料。【巩固提高】单项选择The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes.A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying onfind Wales included as well中的included是过去分词在句中作宾语补足语。【典例精析】I find all the windows broken.我发现所有窗户都打破了。What would you do if you find a person trapped under a car?如果你发现一个人卡在车下，你会怎么做？as well表示“也”常放在句末，有时与too,also,and同义【典例精析】He speaks Japanese as well.他也讲日语。He is a teacher, and a writer as well.他是老师，也是作家。【辨析拓展】As well as是并列连词，意为“不仅而且”“既又”。连接两个主语时，句子的谓语动词与前面的那一个保持人称和数的一致。Your brother as well as you is very kind to me.你和你的兄弟对我很好。4. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.最终英国政府在二十世纪早期，同样以和平的方式把爱尔兰联合起来形成了自己的政府。getting Ireland connected 这里的connected是过去分词作宾语补足语。Get sth connected 意为“把联结/联合起来”get + 宾语 + done 表示“使，被”【典例精析】I got my hair cut.我把我的头发剪了。Form vt. 建立；建成；【典例精析】That country will never have peace until a government is formed.那个国家在建立强有力的政府之前永远不会有安宁。They were not allowed to form a company.不允许他们成立公司。【辨析拓展】form vt.还有“想出”，“作出”， “养成”, “形成”, “构成,排成” n. 形状，外形，种类，格式，表格 form a ( good/bad) habit of 养成（良好、坏）的习惯【典例精析】I cannot form any idea or opinion about it.对此我想不出任何意见或看法。His character was formed at school.他的性格是在学校形成的。Ice forms at the temperature of 0冰是在零摄氏度时形成的。Fill in the form, please.请填写这个表格。5. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意，分离出去并建立了自己的政府。break away (from) 挣脱（束缚）；脱离；断绝来往【典例精析】They attempt to break away to form an independent state.他们企图分裂出去成立一个独立的国家。Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules.现代音乐如爵士乐摆脱了旧的传统体制。【辨析拓展】相关搭配：break down 损坏；破坏；出故障，失败break out （战争、火灾等）突然爆发break into 闯入break up 分解；解散；分手break off 中断，折断break though 突围，突破【巩固提高】（1）Its wrong of him to _ all his friends.A. break off B. break into C. break down D. break away from （2）The car has _. We will have to walk home.A. broken down B. broken out C. broken away D. broken up6. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas ( eg, the currency and international relations ), but they still have different instirtutions.值得赞扬的是，这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作，例如在货币和国际关系方面；但是有些制度任然区别很大。to their credit 值得赞扬；为某人增光 credit n (cn/un). 赊购（制度）； 称赞；学分v. 相信；把归功于【典例精析】There was little credit given to those who had worked the hardest.那些工作最努力的人几乎没有受到什么表样。Do you credit what that man said?你相信那个人说的话吗？Its greatly to my credit that he won the English contest.他赢得英语竞赛是值得赞扬的。relation n. 关系；联系; 亲戚；亲属 npl. 关系，交往( 国与国之间、人与人之间)【典例精析】Some doctors think there is a relation between smoking and lung cancer. 有些医生认为吸烟与肺癌有关联。He was arrested in relation to the murder case. 他涉及那桩谋杀案被拘捕。He is a close relation of mine.他是我的一个近亲。He broke off all relations with his family.他与家庭断绝了一切联系。【辨析拓展】相关搭配：bear no/some relation to 和毫无关系/有一些关系in/with relation to 关于；和相关；就而论 relation to 关于；和有关的be related to 与有亲属关系，与有关relate to/with把与联系起来【巩固提高】翻译句子我和他有商业上的关系。_ 7. England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.convenience n.便利；方便【典例精析】The house has all the modern conveniences.这房子拥有一切现代化设备。He thinks only of his own convenience.他只考虑到自己的方便。It is convenience to live near the station.住在车站附近很方便。 【辨析拓展】（1）相关搭配：at ones convenience 在某人方便的时候for convenience 方便起见to ones convenience 对某人方便（合适）make a convenience of sb.利用某人（2）convenient adj. 方便的；便利的；适宜的be convenient for sb. 对某人来说很方便be convenient for sth. 离很近【巩固提高】单项选择If it is _ to you，I will visit you next Friday.A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable divide into 把分成【典例精析】The teacher divided our class into four groups.老师把我们班分成四个小组。The United States is divided into fifty states.美国被分为50个州。【辨析拓展】（1）相关搭配：divide up 划分；分配divideinto把分成（2）辨析：divide与separate的区别divide指把整体分成若干部分，常用词组有divide sth. into，一般通过切、割、劈等手段，把一个大的整体分成几个小的部分。 separate一般是指“从分离、挑拣出来”，常用词组有separate from 与分离，也就是从一个大的整体里分出来。They separated the boys from the girls.他们把男孩和女孩分开。【巩固提高】填空（1）Fifteen _ by 3 is 5.（2）Will you _ the bad apples _ the good ones?（3）Lets divided ourselves _ several （4）We _ the money equally.(5) English is _ _ France by the English Channel.8. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands, and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North.最靠近法国的那个地区叫做英格兰南部，中部地区叫做英格兰中部，最靠近苏格兰的那个地区叫做英格兰北部。由三个简单句组成的并列复合句。near在句中是介词。near可以具有形容词、副词和介词的多种功能。当介词时to可以省略。【典例精析】 (1) The summer vacation is drawing near. （ 副词） 暑假快到了。(2) Wheres the nearest bus stop, please? （形容词） 请问最近的公共汽车站在哪里。(3) We lived in the hotel nearest (to) the airport. （介词） 我们住在离机场最近的旅馆。be known as 被认为；公认为；作为闻名【典例精析】She is know as a great singer.她是著名的大歌唱家。Kent is know as “ the garden of England”肯特以“英格兰的花园”而驰名。【辨析拓展】Be know for 因而出名Guilin is known for its beautiful sceneries.桂林因风景优美而出名。9. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the north of England.你可以看到英国的大部分人聚居在南部，而大多数工业城市都位于中部和北部。find most of the population settled in the south 句中settled是做find的宾语补足语。10. It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.令人遗憾的是，这些19世纪建造的工业城市并不吸引游客。Attract vt.吸引；引起(注意,兴趣等)attraction n. 吸引；吸引力【典例精析】The garden city attracts many tourists. 那个花园城市吸引许多游客。 A magnet attracts both iron and steel. 磁铁吸铁也吸钢。The salesman banged a drum to attract a crowd. 推销员击鼓以吸引人群。Detective novels used to hold a special attraction for me. 过去侦探小说对我特别有吸引力。The main attraction of this town is its excellent theatre.这座城市最吸引人的地方是其出色的戏院。【辨析拓展】相关搭配：have attraction for sth. 对具有吸引力be attracted to sth. 被所吸引attract attention 引起注意；受到注意He has always been attracted to all beautiful women. 他总是对漂亮女性有好感。【巩固提高】单项选择_ by the beautiful of nature，Tom decided to spend another two days on the small town.A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted 11.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings.英国最具有历史意义的宝地是伦敦，那儿有博物馆、艺术收藏品、剧院、公园和建筑物。collection n. un. 收集；收取 cn. 收藏品；收集物【典例精析】The collection of these stamps took ten years. 收集这些邮票花了十年时间。 He has a very good collection of foreign coins. 他收藏着不少外国硬币。 【辨析拓展】collect vt. 收集,采集;使集合; 领取(信件等);接走; 收(租,税,帐等);募捐; 使镇定;使(思想)集中 vi. 聚集,堆积【典例精析】Why do you collect stamps? 你为何集邮? Hes gone to collect his daughter. 他去接女儿了。 Give the speaker a few minutes to collect herself and then begin the programme. 给演讲者几分钟【巩固提高】单项选择Mr Smith owns _ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large12. The third, the Vikings, influence the vocabulary and place-names of the north of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.第三批是斯基的纳维亚人，他们对词汇以及北部的地名造成了一定影响，第四批是诺曼人，他们留下了城堡和食物名称的词语。influence vt. 影响；改变 n.影响；势力；有影响的人（事）【典例精析】Dont be influenced by what he said.不要被他说的话影响。He used his influence to get his son a job.他利用自己的影响给儿子找了个工作。He is a bad influence on his friends.他对他的朋友起到坏的影响。【辨析拓展】（1）相关搭配：have an influence on / with sth. 对产生影响under the influence of 在的影响下influence on/ upon 对有影响（2）辨析：influence，affect与effect的区别influence与effect都意为“影响”，但前者是指通过行动、榜样等对他人产生潜移默化的影响或作用，注重“影响”的结果；后者多指对某物产生不良影响，常用作名词。have an effect on 对有影响The effect speaks，the tongue needs not.事实胜于雄辩。affect是可指某物对某事产生不良的影响；或使之改动，变化。常用作动词。【巩固提高】单项选择He has great influence _ the manager and could no doubt help you.A. of B. at C. with D. in 【自我测评】. 单词拼写（根据句意及所给首字母写出下列单词）1. The committee c_ of ten members.2. If you d_ 30 by 5, the answer is 6.3. Travelling is my chief d_ ( 乐事 )4. His mind suddenly c_.5. The book has a great i_ on his life.6.Watching football games is a great a_ (吸引) for me.7. We should do all we can to improve r_ (关系) between our two countries.8.I keep my reference books near my desk for c_ (方便).9. The painting comes from his private c_ (收藏).10.She a_ (安排) all her business affairs before going on holiday. 词语辨析A. 用consist of与consist in的适当形式填空1. The beauty of Venice _ the style of its ancient buildings.2. This club _ one hundred members. 3. The happiness of a country _ the freedom of its people. 4. This soup _ tomatoes, meat and peas.B. 用influence，affect与effect的适当形式填空1. Smoking _ health.2. What is the _ of the movement?3. What we read _ our thinking. 用适当的介词或副词填空1. We divide _ the money equally.2. At the end of the lecture, Id like all the students to be divided _ small discussion groups.3. The UK consists _ four countries. 4. The south broke _ from the north. . 翻译1. 当时苏格兰还未与英格兰合并。(unit)_2. 他对我女儿有很好的影响。(influence)_3. 这本书包含三部分。（consist of）_4. 囚犯从两个看守他的警察手中挣脱逃掉了。（break away）_5. 你能把那句话的意思讲清楚吗？（clarify）_. 单项选择1. （09年高考江苏卷）- I m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have _ . -So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them. A. broken up B. finished up C. divided up closed up 2. （09年高考江苏卷）Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures. BUD不定A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped 3.（09年高考江苏卷）This special school accepts all disabled students, _ educational level and background. A. according to B. regardless of C. in addition to D. in terms of 4. （09年高考江西卷）According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _ a woman. A. than B. such C. so D. as5. （09年高考江西卷）The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A. what B. which C. that D. though6. They _ the national union and set up their own local organization.A. broke away from B. broke down C. broke up D. broke out 7. _ is no need to help him，he can do it by himself.A. It B. There C. You D. That8. _，his novel was accepted for publication.A. To the surprise B. To my surprise C. To a surprise D. For my surprise9. He spoke slowly so that he could make himself _ easily.A. understand B. understood C. understanding D. to understand10. Tom owns _ larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class.A. the;/ B. a;/ C. the; the D. a; a . 完形填空Britain and Ireland The British isles is made up of two large islands：One is called Ireland and the other 1 Britain，or Great Britain，is the larger of these two islands，and it is 2 into three parts：Scotland，Wales and England The United Kingdom is that 3 of the British isles ruled over by the QueenIt is made up of Scotland，Wales and England，that is，the 4 of Britain，and also about one sixth of Irelandthe Northern partThe 5 of Ireland is selfgoverningThe 6 name of the United Kingdom is 7 “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland” 8 is larger and richer than Scotland，Wales and northern Ireland，and has the most 9 of the United Kingdom，so people often use the 10 “England” and “English” when they 11 “Britain” and“British”This sometimes makes the Scots and the Welsh a little 12 The Scots in particular are very 13 of their separate nationalityThe Welsh too do not regard 14 as English，and have a culture and even a 15 of their own Ireland became part of the United Kingdom in 1801，but for forty years the“Irish 16 ”was the greatest headache of the United Kingdom 17 ，Ireland is divided into two：Northern Ireland still 18 to the United Kingdom, and in 1922 the rest of Ireland 19 to found an Irish Free State，later called Eire and now the Republic of Ireland The Republic of Ireland does not regard itself as part of Britain，and is not now even a supporter of the Commonwealth of Nations (英联邦)Unlike the major Commonwealth countries，it did not lift a finger to 20 British in the Second World War and now wants the whole of Ireland to be a republic1AWales BBritain CEngland DScotland2Adivided Bcut Cbroken Dseparated3Apiece Bisland Ccountry Dpart4Asouth Bnorth Cpart D. whole5Asmaller Blarger Crest D