口译笔记速记符号归总[1].doc

口译笔记速记符号归总目录 1.Note-taking symbols and abbreviations2.关于缩略词 3.关于字母和图像 4.用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is tointroduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math - these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.amt = amountcontd = continuedgovt = governmenteducatl = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever theterm, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CASthereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus/ parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, anapostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:techgy technologygenion generalisationdely deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide arecognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse g to represent ing endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can besubstituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples: at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets ofsymbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of resulting in -and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than especially esp/一、 缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F 拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF 保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF 保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF 根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词 原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possibleAMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concernedCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large二、 字母、图像 Z 表示人people/person，因为Z看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C 读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C 来表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示为 CZP 表示政治：politics, political 希腊字母P 读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician 就可以表示为 PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。G 表示效率：efficient, effective。G 为效率符号。Q 表示通货膨胀：inflation 因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture 经常用到，所以用首字母代替。B 表示商业：business。C 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation C中的表示反对，字母C将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。它是work 的第一个字母。所以WZ 就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z 在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示举杯祝贺。如果在U 内填入2，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）,填入3 表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U 中填入1 表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m(multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在U 上加一个/表示谈判破裂。O 表示国家、民族、领土等：country, state, nation, etc.gO 表示进口，Og 表示出口这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair, host, preside over。那么在此符号上加Z 表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc.T 表示领导人：leader, head 那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT 圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposiumk 这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示捕鱼业等合fishery 有关的词汇。O 圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等:international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.J 表示开心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.L 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.EO 表示听到、总所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, dont care much, etc.三、 箭头 g 表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.表示屈服：submit tof 表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.表示追溯到：come/go back to，originateh 表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc表示波折：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.四、 数学符号 + 表示多: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.+(+2) 表示多的比较级：more+3 表示多的最高级：most 表示少: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. 表示错误、失误和坏的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc. 表示多于概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示高 概念：superior to，surpass, etc. 表示少于概念：less/smaller，etc.表示低概念：inferior to，etc.= 表示同等概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示对手概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示在.之间：among, within, etc. 表示不同概念：be different from, etc.表示无敌概念：matchless, peerless, etc. 表示大约概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc./ 表示否定，消除等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.五、 标点等 : 表示各种各样说的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.? 表示问题：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?. (dot) 这个.点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样.d表示yesterday, .y表示last year, .2m表示two month ago。y表示this year, y2. two year laternext week, 可以表示为wk. 表示转折 表示好的状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.表示同意状态，stand up for，support， agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc. 表示重要的状态：important，exemplary（模范的） best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.n 表示交流状态：exchange，mutual, etc.& 表示和，与：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc. 表示结束：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.六、 较长单词的处理办法 -ism 简写为 m 例如：socialism Sm-tion 简 简写为 n 例如：standardization (标准化) stdn-cian 简 简写为 o 例如：technician techo-ing 简写为 g 例如：marketing (市场营销) MKTg-ed 简写为 d 例如：accepted acptd-able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 例如：available avbl-ment 简写为 mt 例如：amendment amdmt-ize 简写为 z 例如：recognize regz-ful 简写为 fl 例如：meaningful mnfl四. 口译缩略符号(左栏为原词,右栏为缩略符号)the - for f that -t from fr and & if .f are r is z he e be b or o you u to t your ur in n an a of v so s at me m all l they -y but bt this -s would (d there -r which (c has hs what (t had hd was (s have hv whom (m she )e will (l shall )l when (n most m- can kn my m.go g new nw some sm any an could kd first /- thing -, well (el think -nk say sa do d next nx lie l. until tl time t.m cannot knt send s+ more mo very vr easy ezAffix缩略语A accom, accor aG aggra, aggre, agre C circu, circum K cog, col,con,com,cor D des,dis m em,im n en,in X extra,extri H hydra,hydro N insta,inste,insti I inter,enter,intro,intre nK incla,incli.inclu L letter,liter mG magna,magni M mis P pr,per,pur,pre,pro,pri R reco,recom,recon.recor rK recla,recli.reclu S suspe,suspi,suscep T trans U ulta,ulte,ulti V. Suffix - B ble,able,ible,ably,ibly g/ age ance,inse,ancy,ensy + and,end,ant,ent r/ ary,ery,ory,ury N antic,entic T atic,etic,itic,otic S asict,istic,ostic,ustic J cient,cience,sient,tience cial,sual,tual,tial,tially : der,ter,tor,ther v/ ever F ful,fully f/ fication , ing t/ ity,oty,ety,uty K ical,acle,icle,cal G ology,alogy,ulogy V ive,sive,tive L ly,ely,ily n/ ness P ple,ply ! sion, tion - st,est,ist,ost ; ted D tude R ure s/ us,ous,ious缩略语和符号中国人民中人中国政府CHN gov美国人民美人；A人按我国有关规定国定 现代化现h 可行性可行x 企业家企业j 投资回报率投回 ROL 改革开发政策改开 感到特别亲切特亲 特殊政策和灵活政策特灵 GDP国民生产总值 GNP国内生产总值 5yrP five year plan SOE-国有企业 FIE-外资企业 JV合资企业JCCT China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade 中美商贸联委会high-tech high-technology 高科技 eg for exampleetc and so on ie that is cf compareesp especiallymin minimummax maximumusu usuallyref referenceCo companystd standarddept departmentSH shanghai conference/meeting country/ country and country decrease /ascend/go up /rise up/raise/move up/mount up/rise descend/drop/fall/decline / go or come down more and more strong more and more weak1. leave sb the choice of . or . 要么，要么 (选择类经典句)Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission.敌人冷酷无情/铁石心肠，我们要么顽强抵抗，要么屈膝投降。The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor.年过三十，要么成婚，要么单身。2. be the instrument of sth 引来某事物的人或事 (使动类经典句)The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them.全国同胞都在关注我们，如果我们有幸能够拯救他们脱离强加于身的暴政，那将得到他们的祝福和赞颂。他所建立的组织最终使他垮了台。The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall.能够让你幸福，我愿意付出我的一切。If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my belongings.3. it was the memory / memories of 追溯到 (回忆类经典句)Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations development.追溯到1964年东京及1988年汉城举办