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CTSO-C147a 空中交通咨询系统(TAS)机载设备
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CTSO-C147a
空中交通咨询系统(TAS)机载设备
CTSO
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CTSO-C147a 空中交通咨询系统(TAS)机载设备,CTSO-C147a,空中交通咨询系统(TAS)机载设备,CTSO,C147a,空中,交通,咨询,系统,TAS,机载,设备
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编 号:CTSO-C147a 日 期:2019 年 4 月 29 日 局长授权 批 准: 中国民用航空技术标准规定 - 1 - 本技术标准规定根据中国民用航空规章民用航空材料、零部件和机载设备技术标准规定 (CCAR37)颁发。中国民用航空技术标准规定是对用于民用航空器上的某些航空材料、零部件和机载设备接受适航审查时,必须遵守的准则。 空中交通咨询系统(TAS)机载设备 1.目的 本技术标准规定(CTSO)适用于为空中交通咨询系统(TAS)机载设备申请 CTSO 批准书(CTSOA)的制造人。本 CTSO 规定了空中交通咨询系统(TAS)机载设备为获得批准和使用适用的 CTSO标记进行标识所必须满足的最低性能标准。 2.适用范围 本 CTSO 适用于自其生效之日起提交的申请。 按本 CTSO 批准的设备,其设计大改应按 CCAR-21-R4 第 21.353 条要求重新申请CTSOA。 3.要求 在本CTSO生效之日或生效之后制造并欲使用本CTSO标记进行标识的空中交通咨询系统 (TAS) 机载设备应满足 RTCA/DO-197A I型主动空中交通告警和防撞系统(Active TCAS I)最低运行性能标准CAAC CTSO-C147a - 2 - (1994.9.12)第 2.1 节和第 2.2 节的要求。 a功能 (1) 本 CTSO 的标准适用于在航空器上安装使用的应答机设备,用于提供可靠的交通警告和防撞功能。 (2)本 CTSO 支持两类 TAS 设备: (i)A 类设备。具有水平位置显示设备,可以显示入侵航空器的当前和相对位置,并为机组提供听觉警报的交通咨询(TA) 。 (ii)B 类设备。具有向机组提供听觉警报和视觉通知的 TA信息的能力。 b. 失效状态类别 (1)本 CTSO 第 3.a 节定义的功能失效会导致重大的失效状态。 (2)本 CTSO 第 3.a 节定义的功能丧失属微小的失效状态。 (3)设备的设计保证等级应至少与这种失效状态类别相对应。 c. 功能鉴定 按照 RTCA/DO-197A 第 2.4 节以及本 CTSO 附录 1 的试验条件,证明设备性能满足要求。 d. 环境鉴定 应按 RTCA/DO-197A 第 2.3 节中试验条件, 采用该设备适用的标准环境条件和试验程序,证明设备性能满足要求。申请人可采用除RTCA/DO-160G 以外其它适用于空中交通咨询系统(TAS)机载设备的标准环境条件和试验程序。 注: 通常情况下,注: 通常情况下, RTCA/DO-160D (包括(包括 Change 1 和和 Change 2)CAAC CTSO-C147a - 3 - 或早期版本不再适用, 如果使用该版本则需按照本或早期版本不再适用, 如果使用该版本则需按照本 CTSO 第第 3.g 节中的偏离要求进行证明。节中的偏离要求进行证明。 e. 软件鉴定 如果设备包含软件, 则软件应按照 RTCA/DO-178B 机载系统和设备合格审定中的软件考虑 (1992.12.1)或 RTCA/DO-178C机载系统和设备合格审定中的软件考虑 (2011.12.13)的要求进行研制。软件的设计保证等级应与本 CTSO 第 3.b 节规定的失效状态类别一致。 f. 电子硬件鉴定 如果设备中包含复杂电子硬件,则应按照 RTCA/DO-254机载电子硬件设计保证指南 (2000.4.19)的要求进行研制。硬件的设计保证等级应与本 CTSO 第 3.b 节规定的失效状态类别一致。对于确定为简单的机载电子硬件, 可按 RTCA/DO-254 中第 1.6 节的要求处理。 g. 偏离 如果采用替代或等效的符合性方法来满足本 CTSO 规定的最低性能标准要求,则申请人必须表明设备保持了等效的安全水平。申请人应按照 CCAR-21-R4 第 21.368 条(一)要求申请偏离。 4.标记 a. 至少应为一个主要部件设置永久清晰的标记,标记应包括CCAR-21-R4 第 21.423 条(二)规定的所有信息。标记必须包含设备序列号。 b. 应为以下部件设置永久清晰的标记,标记至少包括制造人名CAAC CTSO-C147a - 4 - 称、组件件号和 CTSO 标准号: (1)所有容易拆卸(无需手持工具)的部件; (2)制造人确定的设备中可互换的所有组件。 c. 如果设备中包含软件和/或机载电子硬件,则件号必须能够表明软件和硬件的构型。件号编排时,在件号中可为硬件、软件和机载电子硬件各划分一个单独区域。 d. 可以使用电子标记标识软件和机载电子硬件,此标记可通过软件写入硬件部件内部,而不用将其标识在设备铭牌中。如果使用电子标记,则其必须容易读取,无需使用特殊工具或设备。 5.申请资料要求 申请人必须向负责该项目审查的人员提交相关技术资料以支持设计和生产批准。提交资料包括 CCAR-21-R4 第 21.353 条(一)1规定的符合性声明和以下资料副本。 a. 手册。包含以下内容: (1)运行说明和设备限制,该内容应对设备运行能力进行充分描述。 (2)对所有偏离的详细描述。 (3)安装程序和限制。必须确保按照此安装程序安装设备后,设备仍符合本 CTSO 的要求。限制必须确定所有特殊的安装要求,还必须以注释的方式包含以下声明: “本设备满足技术标准规定中要求的最低性能标准和质量控制标准。如欲安装此设备,必须获得单独的安装批准。本设备满足技术标准规定中要求的最低性能标准和质量控制标准。如欲安装此设备,必须获得单独的安装批准。 ” CAAC CTSO-C147a - 5 - (4)对于所有软件和机载电子硬件的构型,包括如下内容: (a)软件件号,包括版本和设计保证等级; (b)机载电子硬件件号,包括版本和设计保证等级; (c)功能描述。 (5)设备中每个部件进行环境鉴定的试验条件总结。例如,可采用 RTCA/DO-160G机载设备环境条件和试验程序附录 A 的表格方式描述。 (6)原理图、布线图,以及设备安装所必需的其它文件。 (7)设备的可更换部件清单(注明件号) 。如适用,包括对供应商件号的交叉索引。 b. 持续适航文件,包含设备周期性维护、校准及修理要求,以保证设备的持续适航性。 如适用, 应包括建议的检查间隔和使用寿命。 c. 如果设备包含软件, 则还应提供: 软件合格审定计划 (PSAC) 、软件构型索引和软件完结综述。 d. 如果设备包含简单的或复杂电子硬件,还应提供:硬件合格审定计划(PHAC) 、硬件验证计划、顶层图纸和硬件完结综述(或相似文件,如适用) 。 e. 铭牌图纸,规定设备如何标识本 CTSO 中第 4 节所要求的标记信息。 f. 确定设备中所包含而未按照本CTSO第3节进行评估的功能或性能(即:非 CTSO 功能) 。在获得 CTSOA 的同时非 CTSO 功能也一同被接受。接受这些非 CTSO 功能,申请人必须声明这些功能,并CAAC CTSO-C147a - 6 - 在 CTSO 申请时提供以下信息: (1)非 CTSO 功能的描述,如性能规范、失效状态类别、软件、硬件以及环境鉴定类别。还应包括一份确认非 CTSO 功能不会影响设备对本 CTSO 第 3 节要求符合性的声明。 (2)安装程序和限制,能够确保非 CTSO 功能满足第 5.f.(1)节所声明的功能和性能规范。 (3)第 5.f.(1)节所描述非 CTSO 功能的持续适航要求。 (4)接口要求和相关安装试验程序,以确保对第 5.f.(1)节性能资料要求的符合性。 (5) (如适用) 试验大纲、 试验分析和试验结果, 以验证 CTSO设备的性能不会受到非 CTSO 功能的影响。 (6) (如适用)试验大纲、试验分析和试验结果,以验证第5.f.(1)节描述的非 CTSO 功能的功能和性能。 g. 按 CCAR-21-R4 第 21.358 条要求提供质量系统方面的说明资料,包括功能试验规范。质量系统应确保检测到可能会对 CTSO 最低性能标准符合性有不利影响的任何更改,并相应地拒收该产品。 h. 材料和工艺规范清单。 i. 定义设备设计的图纸和工艺清单(包括修订版次) 。 j. 制造人的 CTSO 鉴定报告,表明按本 CTSO 第 3.c 节完成的试验结果。 6.制造人资料要求 除直接提交给局方的资料外,还应准备如下技术资料供局方评CAAC CTSO-C147a - 7 - 审: a. 用来鉴定每件设备是否符合本 CTSO 要求的功能鉴定规范; b. 设备校准程序; c. 原理图; d. 布线图; e. 材料和工艺规范; f. 按本 CTSO 第 3.d 节要求进行的环境鉴定试验的结果; g. 如果设备包含软件, 提供 RTCA/DO-178B 或 DO-178C 中规定的相关文档,包括所有支持 RTCA/DO-178B 或 DO-178C 附件 A“软件等级的过程目标和输出”中适用目标的资料; h. 如果设备包含复杂电子硬件, 应提供 RTCA/DO-254 附录 A 表A-1 中定义的与设计保证等级和硬件生命周期相关的资料。对于简单电子硬件,应提供以下资料:测试用例或程序,测试结果,测试覆盖率分析,工具评估和鉴定资料,构型管理记录并包含问题报告。 i. 如果设备包含非 CTSO 功能,必须提供第 6.a 节至第 6.h 节与非 CTSO 功能相关的资料。 7.随设备提交给用户的资料要求 a. 如欲向一个机构(例如运营人或修理站)提交一件或多件按本 CTSO 制造的设备,则应随设备提供本 CTSO 第 5.a 节和第 5.b 节的资料副本,以及设备正确安装、审定、使用和持续适航所必需的资料。 b. 如果设备包含已声明的非 CTSO 功能,则还应包括第 5.f.(1)CAAC CTSO-C147a - 8 - 节至第 5.f.(4)节所规定资料的副本。 8.引用文件 RTCA 文件可从以下地址订购: Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics, Inc. 1150 18th Street NW, Suite 910, Washington D.C. 20036 也可通过网站 订购副本。 CAAC CTSO-C147a - 9 - 附录 1 空中交通咨询系统(TAS)机载设备的最低运行性能标准RTCA/DO-197A 的更改 本附录对 DO-197A 和 DO-197A Change1 文档部分内容进行了更改,其采用的要求与 DO-197A Change1 文档中包含的要求有所不同。 1.0 适用于适用于 A、B 两类设备的更改两类设备的更改 1.1 接收器特性接收器特性 1.1.1 波段内接收。波段内接收。用以下要求替代 RTCA/DO-197A 中的 节: 在没有干扰或超载条件下,给应答机一个有效的回复信号,最低触发电平(MTL)定义为:获得 90%回复解码所需的输入功率水平。 1087 到 1093MHz 频率段的 MTL 应小于-70dBm。 1.1.2 波段内接收。波段内接收。删除 RTCA/DO-197A 的 .1 的如下内容: 在“入侵航空器”条删除最后一行: “场景 C 和 D -78dBm” 。 在“试验成功说明”条删除最后一句: “对于 C 和 D 场景,侵入回复的正确解码率不超过总输入回复的 10%。 ” 1.2 发射频率。发射频率。用以下要求代替 RTCA/DO-197A 的 节。 C 模式的问询发射频率应当是 10300.2MHz。 1.3 发射器射频(发射器射频(RF)输出功率。)输出功率。用以下要求代替 RTCA/DO-197A的 节: 当以全部(未衰减)输出功率进行传输时,RF 输出功率峰值传输到四分之一波长短截线天线时,RF 功率应当在下列范围内: 最大 RF 功率:54dBm(250W) 最小 RF 功率:50dBm(100W) CAAC CTSO-C147a - 10 - 在天线增益与四分之一波长短截线天线(3dBi)不同的情况下,功率限制应当适当调整。这些限制的提出基于距离和干扰限制要求。 注:当以全部(未衰减)输出功率传输时,峰值辐射的注:当以全部(未衰减)输出功率传输时,峰值辐射的 RF 功率在以下限制内:功率在以下限制内: 最大最大 EIRP:57dBm(500W) 最小最小 EIRP:53dBm(200W) 假设典型四分之一波长短截线天线的峰值增益是假设典型四分之一波长短截线天线的峰值增益是 3dBi。 EIRP = 有效各向同性辐射功率有效各向同性辐射功率 注:作为上述的替代方法,主动注:作为上述的替代方法,主动 TAS 可以选择作为低功率系统运行,固定功率限定为可以选择作为低功率系统运行,固定功率限定为 42 W/s。在这种情况下,传输到四分之一波长短截线天线的。在这种情况下,传输到四分之一波长短截线天线的 RF 峰值输出功率不应超过峰值输出功率不应超过 46 dBm(40W) 。) 。 1.4 发射器的脉冲特性。发射器的脉冲特性。用以下要求替代 RTCA/DO-197A 的 节: 主动 TAS 中的空中交通管制雷达信标系统 (ATCRBS) 应当使用C 模式的格式,见下表 1。 如果边带辐射不超过表格的频谱范围标准, 那么上升和衰减的时间可能比下表列出的要少。P3 的振幅应当在 P1 振幅的 0.5dB 以内。 表 1 主动 TAS 模式脉冲波形(单位:微秒) 脉冲 指示器 脉冲 持续时间 持续时间公差 上升时间 衰减时间 P1, P3 0.8 0.075 最小 最大 最小 最大 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2 脉冲间隔公差:P1 到 P31:210.10 微秒。 CAAC CTSO-C147a - 11 - 1.5 S 模式广播接收。模式广播接收。用以下要求代替 RTCA/DO-197A 的 节: 为了获得附近 TCAS 一定数量的问询,主动 TAS 应当有能力接收 1030MHz 的 S 模式广播信号。S 模式接收器可以位于相关的 S 模式应答机中,或是集成在主动 TAS 设备中。在这种情况下,对接收和 处 理 S 模 式 广 播 信 号 的 功 能 ( 为 了 TCAS ) , 应 当 遵 照RTCA/DO-181A 标准,并按其要求进行试验。 注:作为上述的替代,主动注:作为上述的替代,主动 TAS 可以选择在固定功率可以选择在固定功率 42W/s 下运行。在这种情况下,为了限制干扰,不需要获得下运行。在这种情况下,为了限制干扰,不需要获得 TCAS 问询器的数量。问询器的数量。 1.6 干扰限制。干扰限制。用以下要求代替 RTCA/DO-197A 的 2.2.6 节: 为了确保主动 TAS 设备的干扰效应始终保持在低水平上,主动TAS 需要控制它的询问率或功率,或是两者均要控制,以满足以下限制。 RR = A/C 模式发射器的应答率。 NT = 通过 S 模式广播接收器所探测到的机载 TCAS 的问询数量。其接收器的阈值为-74dBm。 主动 TAS 的最低能力为,可以监视 RR 和 NT,并且能在干扰限制范围内使用这些信息。在每一个扫描周期内,按独立的 TCAS 地址(前 20 秒内接受到)更新 NT。限制如下表所示: CAAC CTSO-C147a - 12 - NT K( P(k) 的上限,k=1) 如果 RR 240 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 245 228 210 193 175 158 144 126 109 91 74 60 42 118 113 108 103 98 94 89 84 79 74 70 65 60 55 50 45 41 36 31 26 21 17 12 P(k) = 每秒 kth 的问询功率(W) 。是总辐射功率(考虑了电缆和天线的所有损失) 。如果一系列功率在一秒钟的周期内不相同,那么 P(k)就代表平均值。 K = 每秒内的总问询数。 注注 1:RR(自主应答机(自主应答机 A/C 模式的问询接收率)可以被模式的问询接收率)可以被 RR(自主应答机(自主应答机 A/C 模式的应答率)替代。模式的应答率)替代。 注注 2:作为上述的替代方法,主动:作为上述的替代方法,主动 TAS 可以选择为固定低功率系统运行, 功率限定为可以选择为固定低功率系统运行, 功率限定为 42W/s。 在这种情况下, 可删除基于。 在这种情况下, 可删除基于 RR 或或 IRCAAC CTSO-C147a - 13 - 的更多干扰限制。的更多干扰限制。 用以下内容代替 RTCA/DO-197A 的 节: 测试验证主动 TAS 应当能够监视本机应答机的应答率,并且可以通过监听TCAS广播询问器获取TCAS航空器数量。 基于这些数据,还可以调整本机的传输功率来满足主动 TAS 的干扰限制。 输入: 主动 TAS 航空器 海拔高度 = 8000 英尺 上升率 = 0 FPM 入侵航空器 1-22 配备 = 主动 TCAS II 范围 = 不适用 相对速率 = 不适用 海拔高度 = 不适用 上升率 = 不适用 TCAS 广播问询功率 = -50 dBm 空中交通管制雷达信标系统(ATCRBS)问询 频率 = 1030MHz 类型 = C 模式 ATCRBS 功率 = -50dBm 应答率 场景 A = 230 每秒 CAAC CTSO-C147a - 14 - 场景 B = 250 每秒 情况: 主动 TAS 在 T=0 秒时刻初始化运行。22 个入侵航空器分别被分配独立的地址, 并且仅按照如下的时间和速率发送 TCAS 广播询问信号: 对入侵航空器 1-10 每 10 秒一次,在 T=30 秒时开始; 对入侵航空器 11-15 每 20 秒一次,在 T=70 秒时开始; 对入侵航空器 16-22 每 20 秒一次,在 T=130 秒时开始。 通过控制 TCAS 广播询问和 ATCRBS 询问的时刻,来防止二者出现重叠。 场景描述 此测试包括使用 TCAS 应答机, 向主动 TAS 提供应答率的信息。在 A 场景中,此应答机在 C 模式下以每秒钟 230 的速率被询问;而在 B 场景中,以每秒钟 250 的速率被询问。在每个场景中,主动 TAS问询的每秒总辐射功率值,应为一秒钟内每一个主动 TAS 询问的发射输出功率之和。该值决定每秒的平均值,并且计算上电缆和天线损失的功率。 成功准则:每秒总辐射功率应小于如下值: 场景 A: 250 W/s,在 T = 20 秒时测量; 245 W/s,在 T = 60 秒时测量; 158 W/s,在 T = 120 秒时测量; CAAC CTSO-C147a - 15 - 42 W/s,在 T = 180 秒时测量。 场景 B: 118 W/s,在 T = 20 秒时测量; 70 W/s,在 T = 60 秒时测量; 45 W/s,在 T = 120 秒时测量; 12 W/s,在 T = 180 秒时测量。 注:对于固定功率的系统,总辐射功率是常数,并且小于注:对于固定功率的系统,总辐射功率是常数,并且小于 42 瓦特瓦特/秒。秒。 1.7 主动主动 TAS 天线系统。天线系统。用以下要求代替 RTCA/DO-197A 的 2.2.10节: 设备至少能够从安装在航空器顶部或底部的定向天线, 发射询问和接收应答。 1.8 飞行员咨询功能。飞行员咨询功能。用以下要求代替 RTCA/DO-197A 的 2.1.5 节: TAS 是机载空中交通咨询系统,它询问附近航空器的 ATC 应答机,并用计算机分析处理以识别潜在的碰撞威胁。该系统设计的目的在于保护一定量空域内装备 TAS 的航空器的安全。当 TAS 预测到该保护空域受到入侵时,系统将向飞行机组提供适当的声音和视觉咨询,进而帮助机组直观获得航空器的威胁信息。空中交通咨询信息按一定范围和高度准则给出入侵航空器的相对位置, 即约 30s 内碰撞的距离。他们能够帮助飞行机组在视觉上获知入侵航空器。系统能够提供空中交通显示(仅 A 类系统)和声音与视觉警示。这些信息能够给出配备 ATC 应答机航空器的相对位置和高度信息。航空器配备的CAAC CTSO-C147a - 16 - 应答机在 S 模式、C 模式或 A 模式(无高度报告)运行时,可以提供空中交通咨询信息。借助于 ATC 系统,TAS 成为飞行员的补充设备,其主要责任是避免碰撞的发生。如果应答机没有运行,TAS 系统不提供航空器的信息。对于 A 类 TAS 系统,仅使用不同形状来区别不同的交通威胁等级是可以接受的。 此时允许使用 TCAS 的单色显示器。同时也接受使用一个闪烁 TA 标记来进一步提供交通警告。 2.0 仅适用于仅适用于 A 类设备的更改类设备的更改 2.1 飞行员咨询功能,主动飞行员咨询功能,主动 TCAS I 飞行员界面和听觉告警。飞行员界面和听觉告警。用以下要求代替 RTCA/DO-197A 的 2.1.5、2.2.12 和 2.2.15 节: a. 空中交通显示应当能够提供入侵航空器的状态和位置。该空中交通显示可以与航空器的其他显示装置集成在一起。 空中交通显示应向机组人员提供入侵航空器的距离范围、方位,并且报告入侵航空器的高度、相对高度和垂向飞行趋势。 b. 入侵航空器应当显示为两个等级;一个等级是引起 TA,另一个是其他交通信息。 其他交通信息定义为在选定显示范围内的任何交通状况,但不是 TA 情况。 注:使用注:使用 DO-197A 中定义的中定义的 TCAS 威胁等级与本部分定义的要求可相互替代。威胁等级与本部分定义的要求可相互替代。 c. 空中交通信息显示的最低要求为,能绘制出如下的信息,帮助目视识别空中交通情况, 并且确定每一个显示出来航空器的相对重要程度: (1)不同重要程度的空中交通信息的符号区分。TA、其他交CAAC CTSO-C147a - 17 - 通信息(详见下面的 9、10、11、12、13) 。 (2)方位。 (3)相对高度(仅针对报告航空器高度) (i)在本航空器上方或下方(用+和-号表示) (ii)数值 (4)入侵航空器的垂直飞行趋势(仅针对报告航空器高度) 。 (5)范围。描绘选定的范围。 (6)在所有的正常驾驶舱条件和所有的预期环境光照条件下(从完全黑暗到阳光反射的情况) ,显示必须清晰易读。 (7)显示器必须使用一个符号来表示本航空器自己。该符号应当与显示的 TA 或是其他交通信息符号不同。显示器中本机的符号指向总是向上(12 点钟方向) 。 (8)当显示范围选择在 10 海里或以内的时候,必须有一个以本机符号为中心,半径 2 海里的环。这个环应当在所有 12 点方位都有可区分的标识。这个标识的大小和形状不可使显示出现混乱。 (9)符号填充应当按威胁等级来区分交通信息。 (10)TA 符号是一个填充的四边型, (需要时)按下面 13 和14 条的规定绘制数据区和垂直飞行趋势箭头。 (11)其他交通信息符号是开放式的四边型, (需要时)按下面 13 的规定绘制数据区和垂直飞行趋势箭头。 (12)当信息重叠时,显示重叠的交通符号。最高优先级的交通符号显示在其他交通符号的上方。优先级顺序是:1) TA 交通符号,CAAC CTSO-C147a - 18 - 按照从小到大排序(为最近碰撞点时间和到达同高度的时间) ;2) 其他交通符号,按照范围从小到大排序。 (13) 如果可以的话, 数据区应当显示入侵航空器的相对高度,并需通过两个数字显示两者数百英尺的高度差。 对于在本机高度之上的入侵航空器,数据区内数字前用符号“+” 。对于在本航空器高度以下的入侵航空器,数据区内数字前用符号“-” 。对于同高度的入侵航空器,数据区数字前数字用两个数字“00” ,不用符号“+”或“-” 。数据区完全包含在四边形交通符号边界内。对于 TA 交通符号(填充的符号) ,其数据符号应当使用与填充颜色明显不同的颜色显示。对于其他交通符号,填充的数据区应当与符号的颜色一致。相对高度数据符号的高度应当大于 0.15 英寸。 (14)如果入侵航空器的垂直速度大于或等于 500 英尺每分钟,就应当在交通符号右边放一个垂直箭头。箭头向上表示爬升,箭头向下表示下降。箭头的颜色应当与符号一致。 (15)不论是数据区或是垂直箭头,都不应当与不报告高度的交通符号相关联。 (16)显示器至少可以同时显示出三架入侵航空器。显示的最低要求是可以显示以本机为中心、5 海里内的航空器。 (17)显示器应当有多种显示范围,供驾驶舱人员选择。 (18)当入侵航空器(引起 TA 咨询)的范围超过了最大的显示范围时,应当在显示器的边缘、在正确方向上显示不少于四分之一TA 的符号。数据区和垂直趋势箭头应当在与这个交通标记对应的正CAAC CTSO-C147a - 19 - 常位置显示出来。 (19)交通符号的高度尺寸应当大于 0.2 英寸。 d. 当无法得知入侵航空器的相对方位时, 其产生的 TA 信息应当显示为“无方位”咨询。这种“无方位”咨询应当是一种文字与数字相结合的表格状显示。显示格式为“TA 3.6-05” ,其解释是: TA 在3.6 海里远,在下方 500 英尺。无高度报告的“无方位”入侵航空器TA,只包括距离。例如“TA 2.2” ,其解释是:一个无高度报告、无方位的 TA,表示 2.2 海里远。此咨询应当位于显示器中心、本机符号之下。显示器应当至少可以显示两个“无方位”TA。 e. 听觉警告。每个 TAS 听觉警告的声音都应当是高保真且清晰可辨。 (1)每说一次听觉警告信息“Traffic-Traffic” ,应当向机组人员咨询一个 TA。 (2)应当按以下的优先顺序抑制所有的 TAS 听觉警告: (i)当 TAS 安装在装有无线电高度表的航空器时,离地高度小于 400100 英尺。 (ii)对于没有无线电高度计的航空器,当起落架伸出的时候,应当对听觉告警进行抑制。 注:当注:当 TAS 安装在一个固定式起落架且没有无线电高度表的航空器上时,不需要抑制听觉显示。安装在一个固定式起落架且没有无线电高度表的航空器上时,不需要抑制听觉显示。 2.2 TA 准则。准则。 用以下文本替代 RTCA/DO-197A 的 2.2.14 节的第二段: TAS 设备应当提供两个等级的咨询:其他交通情况(OT)和交CAAC CTSO-C147a - 20 - 通咨询情况(TA) 。TA 是基于时间触发(也即到最近碰撞点的时间和同高度的时间) ,或是接近入侵航空器的情况。距离按距离变化率定义,垂直按相对高度的变化率定义。 2.3 显示重叠。显示重叠。用以下要求代替 RTCA/DO-197A 中的 2.2.17 节: 如果目标的数目超过了显示能力, 对超出部分的目标按以下顺序剔除: a. 最远入侵航空器产生的其他交通符号。 b. 最大的入侵航空器产生的 TA。一旦对于入侵航空器发出一个 TA,即使这个 TA 可能无法在显示器上显示,也不能将其移除,直到该 TA 不再满足准则。 注:当使用注:当使用 TCAS I 标记和威胁等级时,该例外不适用。标记和威胁等级时,该例外不适用。 3.0 仅适用于仅适用于 B 类设备的更改类设备的更改 3.1 飞行员咨询功能,主动飞行员咨询功能,主动 TCAS I 飞行员界面和听觉警报。飞行员界面和听觉警报。用以下要求代替原有的 RTCA/DO-197A 中的 2.1.5、2.2.12 和 2.2.15 节: a. 在 TA 持续的时间内,需要一个可视的“traffic”信号显示。 b. 听觉警报。对于没有无线电高度计的航空器,在起落架伸出时,应当抑制听觉咨询。 注:当注:当 TAS 安装在一个固定式起落架且没有无线电高度计的航空器上的时候,不需要抑制听觉显示。安装在一个固定式起落架且没有无线电高度计的航空器上的时候,不需要抑制听觉显示。 (1)听觉警报信息应当按威胁优先顺序播报,最有威胁的听觉警报优先。 (i)初始的听觉 TA 应当是自发和主动的。主动的播报形式CAAC CTSO-C147a - 21 - 如下: “交通点钟方向” (其中表示入侵航空器的时钟方位,如一点钟方向等) 。如果不能获得入侵航空器的方位信息,就需要播报“交通,无方向”的咨询信息。 (ii)机组给出指令后,TA 播报当前入侵航空器相对方位。也应当播报补充信息,例如入侵航空器的相对高度、距离和垂直趋势(例如爬升,下降) 。 (iii)航空器试验时,评估听觉播报的可接受性。以下因素是评估可接受性的最少因素:主动播报的数量、播报的持续时间、播报的清晰度和音量。这些评估应当在正常的驾驶舱工作飞行条件下,并且针对起飞、巡航、进近和着陆的每一个阶段进行,同时包括合适度评估(在正常空中交通管制通讯声音环境下) 。 (iv)提供控制方法,进行 TA 更新,包括对现有的听觉咨询静音以及取消/还原听觉咨询(对于取消听觉咨询功能,关闭设备是一种可以接受的方法) 。设备工作的默认情况应当是听觉咨询有效运行情况。 (2)所有的 TA 听觉警报应当按照以下的优先顺序被抑制: (i)对于装有 TAS 并装有无线电高度计的航空器,离地高度小于 400100 英尺。 (ii)对于没有安装无线电高度计的航空器,不能抑制听觉警报。但对装有机轮承重感应系统(weight-on-wheels system)的航空器,其在地面时可以抑制听觉警报。 3.2 TA 准则。准则。用以下内容替代 RTCA/DO-197A 的 2.2.14 节的第一、CAAC CTSO-C147a - 22 - 二部分: 主动 TAS 设备应当能提供两个等级的咨询: 其他交通情况 (OT)和空中交通情况(TA) 。其他交通情况定义在选定的显示范围内,除TA 外的所有交通情况。TA 是基于时间触发(也即到最近碰撞点的时间和同高度的时间) ,或是接近入侵航空器的情况。距离按距离变化率定义,垂直按相对高度的变化率定义。 3.3 地面入侵航空器的显示。地面入侵航空器的显示。用以下要求代替 RTCA/DO-197A 中的2.2.16 节: 对高度报告入侵的 TA,航空器在地面时,主动 TAS 设备应当可以抑制此能力。当装备有 TAS 的航空器在离地高度为 1700 英尺以下时(包括 50 英尺的正公差) ,将触发抑制此能力。 注:本条给出了主动注:本条给出了主动 TAS 航空电子设备能力的要求。当安装有主动航空电子设备能力的要求。当安装有主动 TAS 的航空器没有安装无线电高度计时,本要求不适用。的航空器没有安装无线电高度计时,本要求不适用。 3.4 超量显示。超量显示。用以下要求代替 RTCA/DO-197A 的 2.2.17 节: 如果入侵航空器的数量超过了内存的存储能力, 超出部分按以下顺序删除: a. 最远入侵航空器发出的其他交通信息。 b. 最大入侵航空器产生的 TA。一旦入侵航空器产生 TA,即使这个 TA 可能无法列入声音告警范围,但直到 TA 的准则不再满足前,不能移除该 TA。 English Translation Version for Reference Only Number:CTSO-C147a Date of approval:Apr 29, 2019 Approved by:Xu Chaoqun China Civil Aviation Technical Standard Order - 1 - This China Civil Aviation Technical Standard Order (CTSO) is issued according to Part 37 of the China Civil Aviation Regulations (CCAR-37). Each CTSO is a criterion which the concerned aeronautical materials, parts or appliances used on civil aircraft must comply with when it is presented for airworthiness certification. Traffic Advisory System(TAS) Airborne Equipment 1. Purpose. This China Civil Aviation Technical Standard Order (CTSO) is for manufacturers applying for Traffic Advisory System(TAS) Airborne Equipment CTSO authorization (CTSOA). This CTSO prescribes the minimum performance standards(MPS) that Traffic Advisory System(TAS) Airborne Equipment must first meet for approval and identification with the applicable CTSO marking. 2. Applicability. This CTSO affects new application submitted after its effective date. Major design changes to article approved under this CTSO will require a new authorization in accordance with section 21.353 of CCAR-21-R4. 3. Requirements New models of TAS airborne equipment identified and English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 2 - manufactured on or after the effective date of this CTSO must meet the MPS qualification and documentation requirements in Sections 2.1 and 2.2 of RTCA/DO-197A, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for An Active Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System I (ACTIVE TCAS I), dated September 12, 1994. a. Functionality. (1) This CTSOs standards apply to equipment intended to be used in transponder equipped aircraft to provide a reliable traffic alert and collision avoidance function. (2) This CTSO supports two classes of TAS equipment. (a) Class A. Equipment incorporating a horizontal situation display that indicates the presence and relative location of intruder aircraft, and an aural alert informing the crew of a Traffic Advisory (TA). (b) Class B. Equipment incorporating an aural alert and a visual annunciation informing the crew of a TA. b. Failure Condition Classifications. (1) Failure of the function defined in paragraph 3.a of this CTSO has been determined to be a major failure condition for malfunctions causing the display or annunciation of hazardously misleading information in airborne aircraft. (2) Loss of the function defined in paragraph 3.a is a minor failure condition. English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 3 - (3) Design the system to at least these failure condition classifications. c. Functional Qualification. Demonstrate the required functional performance under the test conditions specified in RTCA/DO-197A section 2.4 as modified by the changes in appendix 1 of this document. d. Environmental Qualification. Demonstrate the required performance under the test conditions specified in DO-197A section 2.3 using standard environmental conditions and test procedures appropriate for airborne equipment. Applicant may use a different standard environmental condition and test procedure than RTCA/DO-160G, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment, dated December 8, 2010, provided the standard is appropriate for the TAS airborne equipment. Note: The use of RTCA/DO-160D (with Changes 1 and 2 only, incorporated) or earlier versions is generally not considered appropriate and will require substantiation via the deviation process as discussed in paragraph 3.g of this CTSO. e. Software Qualification. If the article includes software, develop the software according to RTCA/DO-178C, Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification, dated December 13, 2011, including referenced supplements as applicable, to at least the software level consistent with the failure condition classification defined in English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 4 - paragraph 3.b of this CTSO. The applicant may also develop the software according to RTCA/DO-178B, dated December 1, 1992. f. Electronic Hardware Qualification. If the article includes complex custom airborne electronic hardware, develop the component according to RTCA/DO-254, dated April 19, 2000, Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic Hardware, to at least the design assurance level consistent with the failure condition classification defined in paragraph 3.b of this CTSO. For custom airborne electronic hardware determined to be simple, RTCA/DO-254, paragraph 1.6 applies. g. Deviations. For using alternative or equivalent means of compliance to the criteria in this CTSO, the applicant must show that the equipment maintains an equivalent level of safety. Apply for a deviation under the provision of 21.368(a) in CCAR-21-R4. 4. Marking. a. Mark at least one major component permanently and legibly with all the information in 21.423(b) of CCAR-21-R4. The marking must include the serial number. b. Also, mark the following permanently and legibly, with at least the manufacturers name, subassembly part number, and the CTSO number: (1) Each component that is easily removable (without hand tools); English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 5 - and, (2) Each subassembly of the article that manufacturer determined may be interchangeable. c. If the article includes software and/or airborne electronic hardware, then the article part numbering scheme must identify the software and airborne electronic hardware configuration. The part numbering scheme can use separate, unique part numbers for software, hardware, and airborne electronic hardware. d. The applicant may use electronic part marking to identify software or airborne electronic hardware components by embedding the identification within the hardware component itself (using software) rather than marking it on the equipment nameplate. If electronic marking is used, it must be readily accessible without the use of special tools or equipment. 5. Application Data Requirements. The applicant must furnish the responsible certification personnel with the related data to support design and production approval. The application data include a statement of conformance as specified in section 21.353(a)(1) in CCAR-21-R4 and one copy each of the following technical data: a. A Manual(s) containing the following: English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 6 - (1) Operating instructions and equipment limitations sufficient to describe the equipments operational capability. (2) Describe in detail any deviations. (3) Installation procedures and limitations sufficient to ensure that the TAS airborne equipment, when installed according to the installation or operational procedures, still meet this CTSOs requirements. Limitations must identify any unique aspects of the installation. The limitations must include a note with the following statement: “This article meets the minimum performance and quality control standards required by a CTSO. Installation of this article requires separate approval.” (4) For each unique configuration of software and airborne electronic hardware, reference the following: (a) Software part number including revision and design assurance level; (b) Airborne electronic hardware part number including revision and design assurance level; (c) Functional description. (5) A summary of the test conditions used for environmental qualifications for each component of the article. For example, a form as described in RTCA/DO-160G, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment, Appendix A. English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 7 - (6) Schematic drawings, wiring diagrams, and any other documentation necessary for installation of TAS airborne equipment. (7) List of replaceable components, by part number, that makes up the TAS airborne equipment. Include vendor part number cross-references, when applicable. b. Instructions covering periodic maintenance, calibration, and repair, for the continued airworthiness of the TAS airborne equipment. Include recommended inspection intervals and service life, as appropriate. c. If the article includes software: a plan for software aspects of certification (PSAC), software configuration index, and software accomplishment summary. d. If the article includes simple or complex custom airborne electronic hardware: a plan for hardware aspects of certification (PHAC), hardware verification plan, top-level drawing, and hardware accomplishment summary (or similar document, as applicable). e. A drawing depicting how the article will be marked with the information required by paragraph 4 of this CTSO. f. Identify functionality or performance contained in the article not evaluated under paragraph 3 of this CTSO (that is, non-CTSO functions). Non-CTSO functions are accepted in parallel with the CTSO authorization. For those non-CTSO functions to be accepted, the applicant must declare these functions and include the following English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 8 - information with CTSO application: (1) Description of the non-CTSO function(s), such as performance specifications, failure condition classifications, software, hardware, and environmental qualification levels. Include a statement confirming that the non-CTSO function(s) dont interfere with the articles compliance with the requirements of paragraph 3. (2) Installation procedures and limitations sufficient to ensure that the non-CTSO function(s) meets the declared functions and performance specification(s) described in paragraph 5.f.(1). (3) Instructions for continued performance applicable to the non-CTSO function(s) described in paragraph 5.f.(1). (4) Interface requirements and applicable installation test procedures to ensure compliance with the performance data defined in paragraph 5.f.(1). (5) Test plans, analysis and results, as appropriate, to verify that performance of the hosting CTSO article is not affected by the non-CTSO function(s). (6) Test plans, analysis and results, as appropriate, to verify the function and performance of the non-CTSO function(s) as described in paragraph 5.f.(1). g. The quality system description required by section 21.358 of CCAR-21-R4, including functional test specifications. The quality system English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 9 - should ensure that it will detect any change to the approved design that could adversely affect compliance with the CTSO MPS, and reject the article accordingly. h. Material and process specifications list. i. List of all drawings and processes (including revision level) that define the articles design. j. Manufacturers CTSO qualification report showing results of testing accomplished according to paragraph 3.c of this CTSO. 6. Manufacturer Data Requirements. Besides the data given directly to the authorities, have the following technical data available for review by the authorities: a. Functional qualification specifications for qualifying each production article to ensure compliance with this CTSO. b. Equipment calibration procedures. c. Schematic drawings. d. Wiring diagrams. e. Material and process specifications. f. The results of the environmental qualification tests conducted according to paragraph 3.d of this CTSO. g. If the article includes software, the appropriate documentation defined in the version of RTCA/DO-178 specified by paragraph 3.e of English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 10 - this CTSO, including all data supporting the applicable objectives in Annex A, Process Objectives and Outputs by Software Level. h. If the article includes complex custom airborne electronic hardware, the appropriate hardware life cycle data in combination with design assurance level, as defined in RTCA/DO-254, Appendix A, Table A-l. For simple custom airborne electronic hardware, the following data: test cases or procedures, test results, test coverage analysis, tool assessment and qualification data, and configuration management records, including problem reports. i. If the article contains non-CTSO function(s), the applicant must also make available items 6.a through 6.h as they pertain to the non-CTSO function(s). 7. Furnished Data Requirements. a. If furnishing one or more articles manufactured under this CTSO to one entity (such as an operator or repair station), provide one copy or technical data and information specified in paragraphs 5.a and 5.b of this CTSO. Add any data needed for the proper installation, certification, use, or for continued compliance with the CTSO, of the TAS airborne equipment. b. If the article contains declared non-CTSO function(s), include one copy of the data in paragraphs 5.f.(1) through 5.f.(4). English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 11 - 8. Availability of Referenced Documents. Order RTCA documents from: Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics, Inc. 1150 18th Street NW, Suite 910, Washington D.C. 20036 You may also order them online from the RTCA Internet website at: . English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 12 - APPENDIX 1. Changes to RTCA/DO-197A, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for an Active Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System I (Active TCAS I) applicable to Traffic Advisory System (TAS) airborne equipment. Note: This appendix changes several sections of DO-197A that the DO-197A Change 1 document does but it adopts different requirements than those which are contained in the Change 1 document. 1.0 Changes Applicable to Both Class A and Class B Equipment. 1.1 Receiver Characteristics. 1.1.1 In-band Acceptance. In lieu of paragraph of RTCA DO-197A, substitute the following requirement: Given a valid transponder reply signal in the absence of interference or overloads, the minimum trigger level (MTL) is defined as the input power level that results in a 90% ratio of decoded to received replies. The MTL over the frequency range of 1,087 to 1,093 MHz shall be no greater than -70 dBm. 1.1.2 In-band Acceptance. In paragraph .1 of RTCA DO-197A, eliminate the following: under Intruder Aircraft eliminate the last line: “Scenario C and D -78 dBm.” under Test Description Success:, eliminate the last sentence: “For scenarios C and D, the ratio of correctly decoded intruder replies to total English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 13 - input replies shall not exceed 10%.” 1.2 Transmission Frequency. In lieu of paragraph of RTCA/DO-197A, substitute the following requirement: “The transmission frequency of Mode C interrogations shall be 1,030 0.2 MHz.” 1.3 Transmitter RF Output Power. In lieu of paragraph of RTCA/DO-197A, substitute the following requirement: When transmitting at full (unattenuated) output power, the peak RF output power delivered to a quarter wave stub antenna shall be within the following limits: Maximum RF Power: 54 dBm (250W) Minimum RF Power: 50 dBm (100W) In the event that antenna gain differs from that of a quarter wave stub antenna (3 dBi), the power limits shall be adjusted accordingly. These limits are based upon range and interference limiting requirements. Note: When transmitting at full (unattenuated) power, the RF power radiated at the pattern peak shall be within the following limits: Maximum EIRP: 57 dBm(500W) Minimum EIRP: 53 dBm(200W) It is assumed that the peak gain of a typical quarter wave stub antenna is 3 dBi. EIRP = Effective Isotropic Radiated Power. English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 14 - Note: As an alternative to the above, an active TAS may choose to operate as a low power system at a fixed rate power product limit of 42 Watts per second, in which case the peak RF output power delivered to a quarter wave stub antenna shall not exceed 46 dBm (40W). 1.4 Transmitter Pulse Characteristics. In lieu of paragraph of RTCA/DO-197A, substitute the following requirement: ATCRBS interrogations from active TAS shall employ the Mode C format illustrated in Figure 2-1. The rise and decay times may be less than shown in the following table, provided the sideband radiation does not exceed the spectral limits tabulated in this standard. The amplitude of P3 shall be within 0.5 dB of the amplitude of P1. ACTIVE TAS MODE PULSE SHAPES (All values in Microseconds) Pulse Designator Pulse Duration Duration Tolerance Rise Time Decay Time P1, P3 0.8 0.075 Min Max Min Max 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2 The pulse spacing tolerances shall be as follows: P1 to P3: 21 + 0.10 microseconds 1.5 Mode S Broadcast Reception. In lieu of paragraph of RTCA/DO-197A, substitute the following requirement: The Active TAS shall have the capability to receive 1,030 MHz English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 15 - Mode S broadcast signals for the purpose of obtaining a count of TCAS interrogators in its vicinity. Mode S reception may reside in an associated Mode S transponder, or may by integral to the Active TAS equipment, in which case those functions necessary to receive and process Mode S broadcast signals for a TCAS count shall be implemented and tested in accordance with RTCA/DO-181A. Note: As an alternative to the above, an active TAS may choose to operate at a fixed rate power product limit of 42W/sec, in which case the requirement to obtain a count of TCAS interrogators for the purpose of interference limiting is eliminated. 1.6 Interference Limiting. In lieu of paragraph 2.2.6 of RTCA/DO-197A, substitute the following requirement: To assure that all interference effects from Active TAS equipment are kept to a low level, Active TAS equipment shall control its interrogation rate or power or both to conform to the following limits. These limits are given in terms of RR = the Mode A/C reply rate of own transponder NT = the number of airborne TCAS interrogators detected via Mode S broadcast receptions with a receiver threshold of -74 dBm. The Minimum Active TAS shall have the capability to monitor RR and NT and to use this information in interference limiting. Once each scan period, NT shall be updated as the number of distinct TCAS English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 16 - addresses received within the previous 20 second period. The limits are as follows: NT K Upper Limit for P(k) k=1 If RR 240 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 245 228 210 193 175 158 144 126 109 91 74 60 42 118 113 108 103 98 94 89 84 79 74 70 65 60 55 50 45 41 36 31 26 21 17 12 P(k) = power (watts) of the kth interrogation each second. This is the total radiated power (after all losses in cabling and antenna). If the set of powers is not the same in each 1 second period, then P(k) represents the average value. English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 17 - K = total number of interrogations in a 1 second period. Note 1: RR = the Mode A/C interrogation reception rate of own transponder may be used instead of RR = the Mode A/C reply rate of own transponder. Note 2: As an alternative to the above, an active TAS may choose to operate as a low power system at a fixed rate power product limit of 42W/sec, in which case the requirement to further interference limit based on RR or IR is eliminated. In lieu of paragraph of RTCA/DO-197A, substitute the following: This test verifies that Active TAS is able to monitor its own transponder reply rate and to derive a count of TCAS aircraft by listening to TCAS broadcast interrogations and, based on these values, adjust its transmit power-rate product to conform to the Active TAS interference limits. Inputs: Active TAS Aircraft Altitude = 8000 ft. Altitude Rate = 0 FPM Intruder Aircraft 1-22 Equipage = Active TCAS II Range = Not Applicable English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 18 - Relative Speed = Not Applicable Altitude = Not Applicable Altitude Rate = Not Applicable TCAS Broadcast Interrogation Power = -50 dBm ATCRBS Interrogation Frequency = 1030 MHz Type = ATCRBS Mode C Power = -50 dBm Rate Scenario A = 230 per second Scenario B = 250 per second Conditions: Active TAS initialized and operating at T = 0 seconds. Each of the 22 intruders is assigned a discrete address and transmits only TCAS broadcast interrogations and only at the following times and rates: Intruders 1-10 every 10 sec starting at T = 30 sec. Intruders 11-15 every 20 sec starting at T = 70 sec. Intruders 16-22 every 20 sec starting at T = 130 sec. The timing of the TCAS broadcast interrogations and the ATCRBS interrogations are controlled to prevent overlap of each other. Scenario Description The test involves use of an ATCRBS transponder which supplies English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 19 - reply rate information to Active TAS. The transponder is interrogated in Mode C at a 230 per second rate in Scenario A and at a 250 per second rate in Scenario B. During each scenario, the value of Total Radiated Power per second from Active TAS is measured by summing the transmitter output powers of each Active TAS interrogation over a scan period, determining the average per second value and accounting for cable and antenna losses. Success: The Total Radiated Power per second shall not exceed the following values: Scenario A 250 watts/sec measured at T = 20 sec 245 watts/sec measured at T = 60 sec 158 watts/sec measured at T = 120 sec 42 watts/sec measured at T = 180 sec Scenario B 118 watts/sec measured at T = 20 sec 70 watts/sec measured at T = 60 sec 45 watts/sec measured at T = 120 sec 12 watts/sec measured at T = 180 sec Note: For fixed rate power systems, total radiated power is constant and shall not exceed 42 watts/sec. 1.7 Active TAS Antenna System. In lieu of paragraph 2.2.10 of English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 20 - RTCA/DO-197A, substitute the following requirement: The equipment shall transmit interrogations and receive replies from at least one directional antenna mounted on the top or bottom of the aircraft. 1.8 Pilot Advisory Functions. In lieu of paragraph 2.1.5 of RTCA/DO-197A, substitute the following requirement: TAS is an airborne traffic alert system that interrogates ATC transponders in nearby aircraft and uses computer processing to identify potential and predicted collision threats. The system is designed to protect a volume of airspace around the TAS equipped aircraft. The system will provide appropriate aural and visual advisories to assist the flightcrew in visually acquiring the threat aircraft when TAS predicts a penetration of the protected airspace. Traffic advisories indicate the relative positions of intruding aircraft that meet certain range and altitude criteria and are approximately 30 seconds from closest point of approach. They assist the flightcrew in visually acquiring the intruding aircraft. The system provides a traffic display (Class A systems only) and aural and visual alerts. These indicate the relative position and altitude of ATC transponder-equipped aircraft. Traffic advisories can be generated for aircraft with operative Mode S, Mode C or Mode A (non-altitude reporting) transponders. The TAS equipment is viewed as a supplement to the pilot who, with the aid of the ATC system, has the primary English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 21 - responsibility for avoiding collisions. The TAS system provides no indication of aircraft without operative transponders. For Class A systems, it shall be acceptable for the TAS system to use shape as the only discriminate for traffic threat levels. This will allow the use of a monochrome display representation of the TCAS symbology. For Class A systems, it shall also be acceptable to provide a blinking TA symbol to allow further discrimination of the traffic alert symbol. 2.0 Changes Applicable Only to Class A Equipment. 2.1 Pilot Advisory Functions, Active TCAS I Pilot Interface and Aural Alert. In lieu of paragraphs 2.1.5, 2.2.12 and 2.2.15 of RTCA/DO-197A, substitute the following requirements: 1. A traffic display shall be provided to indicate the presence and location of intruder aircraft. The traffic display may be combined with other aircraft displays. The traffic display shall provide the crew with the intruders range, bearing, and, for altitude reporting intruders, relative altitude and vertical trend. 2. Two levels of intruder aircraft shall be displayed; those causing a TA, and other traffic. Other traffic is defined as any traffic within the selected display range and not a TA. Note: The use of TCAS threat levels as defined in DO-197A is an acceptable alternative to the requirements defined in this section. 3. As a minimum, the traffic display shall depict the following English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 22 - information to aid in the visual acquisition of traffic and assist in determining the relative importance of each aircraft shown: a. Symbolic differentiation among traffic of different relative importance. TA, other traffic (see i, j, k, l, & m below). b. Bearing c. Relative altitude (for altitude reporting aircraft only) (1) Above or below own aircraft (+ and - signs) (2) Numerical value d. Vertical trend of intruder aircraft (for altitude reporting aircraft only). e. Range. The selected range shall be depicted. f. The display must be easily readable under all normal cockpit conditions and all expected ambient light conditions from total darkness to bright reflected sunlight. g. The display shall contain a symbol to represent own aircraft. The symbol shall be different from those used to indicate TA and other traffic. The display shall be oriented such that own aircraft heading is always up (12 oclock). h. A ring shall be placed at a range of 2 NM from own aircraft symbol when a display range of 10 NM or less is selected. The ring shall have discrete markings at each of the twelve clock positions. The markings shall be of a size and shape that does not clutter the display. English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 23 - i. Symbol fill shall be used to discriminate traffic by threat levels. j. The symbol for a TA is a filled rectangle, and, when appropriate, a data field and vertical trend arrow as described in m. & n. below. k. The symbol for other traffic shall be an open rectangle, and, when appropriate, a data field and vertical trend arrow as described in m. below. l. Overlapping traffic symbols should be displayed with the appropriate information overlapped. The highest priority traffic symbol should appear on top of other traffic symbols. Priority order is; 1) TA traffic in order of increasing tau, i.e., the time to closest approach and the time to coaltitude, 2) other traffic in order of increasing range. m. A data field shall indicate the relative altitude, if available, of the intruder aircraft and shall consist of two digits indicating the altitude difference in hundreds of feet. For an intruder above own aircraft, the data field shall be preceded by a “+” character. For an intruder below own aircraft, the data field shall be preceded by a “-” character. For coaltitude intruders, the data field shall contain the digits “00”, with no preceding “+” or “-” character. The data field shall be wholly contained within the boundaries of the rectangular traffic symbol. For TA traffic, (filled symbol), the data characters shall be depicted in a color that contrasts with the filled symbol color. For other traffic, the data field shall be the same color as the symbol. The height of the relative altitude data English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 24 - characters shall be no less than 0.15 inches. n. A vertical arrow should be placed to the immediate right of the traffic symbol if the vertical speed of the intruder is equal to or greater than 500 fpm, with the arrow pointing up for climbing traffic and down for descending traffic. The color of the arrow shall be the same as the symbol. o. Neither a data field nor a vertical arrow shall be associated with a symbol for traffic which is not reporting altitude. p. The display shall be capable of depicting a minimum of three intruder aircraft simultaneously. As a minimum, the display shall be capable of displaying aircraft that are within 5 NM of own aircraft. q. The display may provide for multiple crew-selectable display ranges. r. When the range of the intruder causing a traffic advisory to be displayed is greater than the maximum range of the display, this shall be indicated by placing no less than one quarter of the traffic advisory symbol at the edge of the display at the proper bearing. The data field and vertical trend arrow shall be shown in their normal positions relative to the traffic symbol. s. The size of the traffic symbol shall be no less than 0.2 High. 4. “No bearing” advisories shall be presented for an intruder generating a TA when the intruders relative bearing cannot be derived. English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 25 - The “no bearing” advisory shall be an alphanumeric display shown in tabular form. The display shall be in the form of “TA 3.6-05”, which translates to a TA at 3.6 nautical miles, 500 feet below. “No bearing” TAs against non-altitude reporting intruders shall include the range only, e.g. “TA 2.2”, which translates to a non-altitude reporting, no bearing TA at 2.2 nautical miles. The advisory shall be centered on the display below the own aircraft symbol. The display shall include provisions to display at least two “no bearing” TAs. 5. Aural Alerts. Each TAS aural alert shall be announced in a high-fidelity, distinguishable voice. a. The aural alert message “Traffic-Traffic”, spoken once, shall be used to inform the crew of a TA. b. All TAS aural alerts should be inhibited using the following order of precedence; (1) Below 400 100 feet AGL when TAS is installed on an aircraft equipped with a radio altimeter. (2) For aircraft without a radio altimeter, the aural annunciations shall be inhibited when the landing gear is extended. Note: When the TAS is installed on a fixed gear aircraft without a radio altimeter, the aural annunciations will never be inhibited. 2.2 Traffic Advisory Criteria. Replace the second section in paragraph 2.2.14 of RTCA/DO-197A, with the following text: English Translation Version for Reference Only CAAC CTSO-C147a - 26 - The TAS equipment shall provide two levels of advisories: Other Traffic (OT), and Traffic Advisories (TA). TAs are issued based on either tau, i.e., the time to closest approach and the time to coaltitude, or proximity to an intruder aircraft. The range tau is defined as the range divided by range rate and the vertical tau is defined as the relative altitude divided by the altitude rate. 2.3 Display Overload. In lieu of paragraph 2.2.17 of RTCA/DO-197A, substitute the following requirements: If the number of targets exceeds the display capability, excess targets shall be deleted
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