L17 直接引语和间接引语 S.doc

中小学个性化辅导专家巨人教育辅导讲义学员编号（卡号）： 年 级： 第 次课学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 教师：课 题 高一语法：直接引语和间接引语授课时间：2014.6.14备课时间： 2014.6.9教学目标1. 掌握直接引语转换成间接引语时的人称、时态、代词、状语、句式的变化。重点、难点掌握直接引语转换成间接引语时的人称、时态、代词、状语、句式的变化。考点及考试要求掌握直接引语转换成间接引语时的人称、时态、代词、状语、句式的变化。教学内容直接引语和间接引语一、 前言 引述别人的话一般有两种形式：一种是直接引用原话，放于引号内，这是直接引语；另一种是用自己的话进行转述，被转述的话不放入引号内，这就是间接引语。这两种引语主要作宾语，大多数直接引语转换成间接引语之后都成为宾语从句。直接引语变为间接引语时在人称、数、时态、状语、动词等方面需要根据具体情况来变化。二、 人称的变化。直接引语变为间接引语时，人称的变化一般遵循“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”的原则。1. “一随主”原则“一随主”原则是在直接引语变为间接引语时，直接引语中第一人称的代词要随主句的主语变化。e.g. She said, “I saw him last night.”-She said she saw him last night. She said, “ My brother wants to go with me.” -She said her brother wanted to go with her.2. “二随宾”原则“二随宾”原则是指直接引语变为间接引语时，直接引语中第一人称代词要随主句的宾语变化。e.g. He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?”-He said to Kate how her sister was then. He said to me, “Are you coming tomorrow?” -He said to me if I was coming tomorrow. The librarian said, “you may have this book for one week.” -The librarian said I might have that book for one week.3. “第三人称不更新”原则“第三人称不更新”原则是指直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中的第三人称代词不需要变化。e.g. Mr. Smith said, “ Jack is a good workmate.”-Mr. Smith said Jack is a good workmate.He said, “She arrived here yesterday.”-He said that she arrived there the day before. 三、 时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成进行时过去完成进行时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时 e.g. Jack asked carelessly, “Whoever can we turn to for help right now?”-Jack asked carelessly whoever they could turn for help right then.The girl asked, “Have you seen such a little dog passed by?”-The girl asked if I have seen a little dog passing by.四、 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化 引语变化内容 直接引语间接引语指示代词ThisThat These Those 时间状语Now Then Today Yesterday Yesterday morningThe morning beforeYesterdayThe day beforeNext weekThe next weekThe following weekTomorrow The next dayThe following day 地点状语Here There 方向性动词BringTake comegoe.g. Jack said, “ I have been working here for a dozen years.”-Jack said that he had been working there for a dozen years.The teacher said, “ Please bring all the books downstairs up here.”-The teacher asked the students to take all the books downstairs up there. 五、 句式的变化1. 直接引语为陈述语序直接引语为陈述句，转换为间接引语时用that引导，也可以省略that。引述动词主要为say, tell, repeat, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等。e.g. The doctor said, “you should take plenty of water and eat more vegetables. -The doctor told me that I should take plenty of water and eat more vegetables.2. 直接引语为疑问句由疑问句转变而来的简介引语必须用陈述语序，句尾用句号。引述动词是say时，一般改为ask或wonder，dont know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。（1） 直接引语为一般疑问句或反意疑问句时，需改由if/wether引导的宾语从句。e.g. He said, “ Do all of you buy presents on Christmas Day?”-He asked if/whether all of us bought presents on Christmas Day. He asked me, “ you are interested in computer studies, arent you?”-He asked me if/whether I am interested in computer studies.（2） 直接引语为选择疑问句时，间接引语用whetheror，而不用eitheror或者ifor表达。e.g. He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”-He asked me whether I spoke English or French.I asked, “ Will you take bus or take train?”-I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.I asked Sally, “Will you stay with me or go by yourself on a picnic?”-I asked Sally whether she would stay with me or go by herself on a picnic.（3） 直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语用疑问词来做连接词引导。e.g. “ Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked.-The teacher asked why she had refuse to go there. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in you countries?”-He asked us how many car factories had been built in our countries.The policeman asked me, “ what are your parents and where do they live?”-The policeman asked me what my parents are and where they live.3. 直接引语为祈使句 祈使句变为间接引语时，须将祈使句的谓语动词变成不定式，在引述动词后作宾语补足语。引述动词say需改为ask, tell, order, beg, warn, advise等表示“祈求，命令”的动词， 否定句需要在不定式前加上not. 有些表示建议的祈使句需要改成suggest/advise that+（should）结构。e.g. “Come in and sit down, please.” He said to us. -She asked/told us to come in and sit down. “Dont be so nervous, John.” One of them said.-One of them told John not to so nervous. “Try one more time and see what will happen,” the teacher said.The teacher advised that they (should) try one more time and see what would happen. 4. 直接引语为感叹句直接引语为感叹句，变为间接引语时，可以用what或how引导，也可以用that引导。e.g. “What a lovely day it is!” They all shouted. -They all said what a lovely day it was. -They all said how lovely a day it was.-They all said that it was a lovely day. 六、 时态不需要变化的情况1. 直接引语有确定的过去的时间e.g. He said, “The love story took place in the 1930s.”-He said that the love story took place in the 1930s.2. 只着眼于转述事实，而不侧重动作的先后。e.g. The boy said, “I found the dog just at the end of the wood.”-The boy said that he found the dog just at the end of the wood. 3. 说话时所转述的动作或状态仍在继续，并对此加以强调。e.g. Charlie told me, “I am just being my dad on the farm right now.”-Charlie told me that he is just helping his dad on the farm right now.4. 所转述的是自然现象，客观真理，名言警句等，并对此加以强调。e.g. Our teacher said, “All work no play makes Jack a dull boy.”-Our teacher told us that all work no play makes Jack a dull boy. 5. 直接引语中含有没有过去式时态的情态动词变为间接引语。e.g. He said, “You must be very fond of art.”-He said that I must be very fond of art. 6. 直接引语是习惯性的行为。He said, “ I usually gets up at 5:30 a.m. and goes to school at 7:00 a.m.”-He said he usually gets up at 5:30 a.m. and goes to school at 7:00 a.m. 7. 直接引语中的动作或状态发生的时间未到。e.g. “Ill be coming tomorrow,” she said. She said that shell be coming tomorrow. 三、课后作业选择题;1. The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be Postponed.A. when B. that C. whether D. how2. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike. A. how B. which C. that D. what3. The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but he reaches these limits depends on his environment. A. where B. whether C. that D. why4. It suddenly occurred to him he had left his key in the office. A. whether B. where C. which D. that5. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter you have live there for a short or a long time. A. why B. how C. whether D. when6. It doesnt matter you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. how B. whether C. what D. why7. It doesnt matter you turn right or left at the crossing-both roads lead to the park. A. whether B. how C. if D. when8. Scientists study human brains work to make computers. A. when B. how C. that D. whether9. I made a promise to myself this year, my first year in high school, would be different. A. whether B. what C. that D. how10. This is much truth in the idea kindness is usually served by frankness. A. why B. which C. that D. whether11. -Weve only got this small bookcase. Will that do?-No, I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger. A. who B. that C. what D. which12. Evidence has been found through years of study childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. A. why B. how C. whether D. that 13. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt he could have express it different-ly. A. why B. how C. that D. whether14. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose suits your best.A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever15. the new comer went to the library the other day and searched for he could find aboutMark Twain. A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever16. After looking through the art books here, I found Andrews paintings to be the closest to I thought good paintings should look.A. how B. what C. that D. why17. the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids puzzled people for centuries.A. Whether B. What C. How D. Where18. it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.A. Whether B. If C. That D. What19. Ive failed over and over again in my life and that is I succeed.A. that B. why C. because D. where20. I have no idea Jim could get so much money in such a short time. A. what B. how C. why D. when21. Playing QQs “Happy Farm” by planting, watering, fertilizing, spraying, harvesting and Selling of virtual vegetables, fruit, and flowers, we can find out all the excitement is about.A. that B. if C. what D. how22. -I am afraid I have to give it up.-Dont be discourage. Remember sticks to his work will succeed on day. A. anyone B. who C. whoever D. when23. -He is eager to try something he has never tried before. -Oh. I see. Thats he is different from the other. A. when B. where