Lecture 5 Chapter 3 Ralph Waldo Emersonppt课件

AmericanLiterature Lecture5 Chapter3TheLiteratureoftheRomanticPeriod3 4RalphWaldoEmersonSelectedReadingNature chapter3 本周内容 01 02 SelectedReadingNature AbouttheAuthor RalphWaldoEmersonandSelectedReadingNatureCONTECTS RalphWaldoEmerson拉尔夫 华尔多 爱默生1803 1882 FatherofTranscendentalismAnAmericanessayist philosopherandpoet ThemosteloquentspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism 大自然永远带着精神的色彩 爱默生 RalphWaldoEmersonAbouttheAuthor BorninBoston sonofaUnitarianministerandadescendantofalonglineofdistinguishedNewEnglandclergymen EducatedatBostonLatinSchoolandatHarvard enteredHarvardDivinitySchoolin1825 wherehefullyabsorbedthedoctrinesofUnitarianism 唯一神教派 theonlytrueGod andJesusChrist whomyouhavesent John17 3 4 In1829 becametheUnitarianministeroftheSecondChurchofBoston 5 laterwentpreachinginEuropewherehewasinfluencedbythespiritofEuropeanRomanticism 6 WhenreturnedtoAmerica heorganizedtheinformalTranscendentalistClubandbecamethechiefspokesmanofTranscendentalisminAmerica Unitarianism fromLatinunitas unity oneness fromunus one isaChristiantheologicalmovementnamedforitsbeliefthattheGodinChristianityisoneperson asopposedtotheTrinity tri fromLatintres three whichdefinesGodasthreepersonsinonebeing theFather Son andHolySpirit UnitarianChristians therefore believethatJesuswasinspiredbyGodinhismoralteachings andheisasavior buthewasnotadeityorGodincarnate 一位论派 英语 unitarianism 或称一神论派 是否认三位一体和基督的神性的基督教派别 此派别强调上帝只有一位 并不如传统基督教相信上帝由三个位格 即圣父 圣子和圣灵 组成 WhatisTranscendentalism Time 1830sand1840sPlace EasternregionoftheUnitedStatesThought theinherentgoodnessofbothpeopleandnatureAsEmersonsaid transcendentalismisidealism idealismasappearsin1842 In1842 agroupofpeoplewhowerenothappyaboutthematerialistic orientedlifeatthattime formedaninformalclub TranscendentalClubtoexpresstheirviews publishtheirjournal theDial andmaketheirvoiceheard ThosepeopleincludedEmerson Thoreau BronsonAlcott andMargaretFuller etc ItwasaphilosophicandliterarymovementthatflourishedinNewEngland asareactionagainstCalvinism rationalism Itstressedintuitiveunderstandingofgodwithoutthehelpofthechurch andadvocatedindependenceofthemind Whatevertranscendstheexperienceofthesensesistran scendental Itaffirmedthesoul sinherentpowertograspthetruth TheTranscendentalistscanbeunderstoodbywhattheywererebellingagainst bywhattheyweretryingtobedifferentfrom 2020 4 19 Significance NewEnglandTranscendentalismisthesummitofAmericanRomanticism Representatives EmersonNature ThoreauWalden AbouttheAuthorMajorWorks Emerson swritingsfallintotwotypes poetryandessays AsanessayistheisthemostoutstandingofallAmericanwriters Hisprosepossessedallthefreshnessoforiginalityinthetruesense essaysNature 论自然 TheAmericanScholar 美国学者 AddressatDivinityCollege 神学院演说 Self Reliance 论自助 Over soul 论超灵 poetryConductofLifeSocietyandSolitudeLettersandSocialAims NatureisoneofEmerson sbest knownandmostinfluentialessays itisalyricalexpressionoftheharmonyEmersonfeltbetweenhimselfandnature Themainideaoftheessayisthatnatureinspiresspiritualunderstandinginhumanbeing It sconsideredastheBibleofTranscendentalism FamousQuotesfromSelfReliance Envyisignorance imitationissuicide Nothingisatlastsacredbuttheintegrityofyourownmind 神圣的 AbouttheAuthorEmerson sinfluence Emerson simportanceintheintellectualhistoryofAmericaliesinthefactthatheembodiedanewnation sdesireandstruggletoassertitsownidentityinitsformativeperiod HisaestheticsbroughtaboutarevolutioninAmericanliterature ItmarkedthebirthoftrueAmericanpoetry Hecalledforanindependentculture whichrepresentedthedesireofthewholenationtodevelopacultureofitsown AbouttheAuthorEmerson sinfluence DuringhislifetimehewasconsideredoneofthetwoorthreebestwritersinAmerica andcertainlythemostinfluentialamonghiscontemporaries Thoreau Whitman Dickinson Hawthorne Melville andWallaceStevensandmanyotherswereindebtedtohiminvaryingdegrees n det d SelectedReadingNature Pre readingQs Emersonthenwenttoeuropeandexchangedideaswithfamousethinkerslike WheredidemersonsettlewhenhereturnedfromEuropein18331836Naturebecame Whatdoeschapter1ofnaturedescribe WilliamWordsworth JohnStuartMill SameulTaylorColeridgeandThomasCarlyle ConcordMassTheunofficialmanifestoofTranscendentalismthepowerofnatureonthesoul 5 Whatdoesitmeanthat adultsmayseethesunbuttheycan tSEEit6 Ourrelationshipwithnatureistwosidedb c childrencanseeitbecausetheirinward outwardsensesarestilltrulyadjustedtoeachother adulatesdon tappreciatethesun innocents maturitydullsintuitionandvaluesfact childrenhauntlearnedyetweareapartoftheuniverse ChapterINATUREChapterIICOMMODITYChapterIIIBEAUTYChapterIVLANGUAGEChapterVDISCIPLINEChapterVI IDEALISMChapterVIISPIRITChapterVIIIPROSPECTS Thedominantthemeofthiswork theharmonybetweenhumansandnature Naturewasmadeupoftheprefaceandeightchapters InChapterOne Emersonelaboratedtherichmeaningofnature Inhiseyes naturewastheembodimentofhumanspirits Inthisexcerpt theauthoraccountsthatnatureprovidesperfectjoy aonenesswithGod anunderstandingofimmortalbeautyandtheinterconnectionofallthings Heshowsusnature sdivinityanditspowertopurifymen sthought Togointosolitude amanneedstoretireasmuchfromhischamberasfromsociety Hesetupaclaimtosupportself cultivationandthoughtonlywhenhumanbeingswerealoneandstayedinsolitudethattheirinherenttalentscouldbebroughttofullplay StudyQs P 42 1 Accordingtopara 1 whatdoesEmersonsaywouldhappenifthestarsappearedonenightinathousandyears Ifthestarsappearedonenightinathousandyears suchpreciousstarswouldbehighlynoticedandadmiredbyhuman Andwewouldpassionatelyandthankfullypassdownthatlegendtoourdescendentsformanyyears Ifthestarsshouldappearonenightinathousandyears howwouldmenbelieveandadore andpreserveformanygenerationstheremembranceofthecityofGodwhichhadbeenshown 自然 选段参考翻译 走入孤独 远离书斋 如同远离社会一样重要 纵然无人在我身旁 当我读书或写作时 并非独处一隅 如果一个人渴望独处 就请他注目于星辰吧 那从天界下行的光芒 使人们得以出离可触摸的现世 可以这样说 我们假想 大气之所以透明 就是为了让人们看到天国的灿烂光芒 从普通城市的街道向上看 它们是如此深邃伟岸 假如星辰千年一现 人类关于上帝之城的记忆 必将世代相传 为人们长久地信仰着 珍存着 崇拜着 然而 每一晚 这些美的使者都会降临 以它们无可置疑的微笑 照亮宇宙 2 Accordingtopara 2 whydoesEmersonbelievethestarsawakenareverenceinpeople Itissodistantandinaccessiblethatitcausesthewonderandinterestwithinpeople smind Astothosewhoarematureandwiseinmind theymayfindoutthatnatureissocomplex magnificent andsacredthattheymaynevercontrolorownitbutasmallpartofit Besides bythinkingabouthavingrealexperienceinthenature theymaygettheirself knowledgeaccumulated Thus thestarsandtheotherthingsinthenatureawakenareverenceinpeople Thestarsawakenacertainreverence becausethoughalwayspresent theyareinaccessible butallnaturalobjectsmakeakindredimpression whenthemindisopentotheirinfluence Natureneverwearsameanappearance Neitherdoesthewisestmanextorthersecret andlosehiscuriositybyfindingoutallherperfection 星辰唤醒心中的景仰 即使它们常在 也遥远而不可触摸 而当思想敞开心门 自然景物总会留下熟稔而亲切的印迹 自然永无恶意可憎的容颜 如同大智慧者不会因穷尽自然的和谐底蕴而失去对她的好奇之心 自然之于智慧的心灵绝非玩具 花朵 动物 群山 它们折射着智者思维的灵光 如同它们娱乐了他纯真的童年 3 Accordingtopara 3 howdoesEmersondescribetheloverofnature Whenwespeakofnatureinthismanner wehaveadistinctbutmostpoeticalsenseinthemind Itisthiswhichdistinguishesthestickoftimberofthewood cutter fromthetreeofthepoet Thereisapropertyinthehorizonwhichnomanhasbuthewhoseeyecanintegratealltheparts thatis thepoet Theloverofnaturemustbelikeapoet whocanfindorfeelthenaturalbeautyoutofthewoodcutterlumbers Todothis thelovermusthaveacomprehensivevisionforthenature Incontrary otherpeoplejusthavealimitedvisionandspeciallylittleattentionforwhatnaturalis 当我们这样谈论自然时 我们的心灵感觉 清晰独特 诗意盎然 我们在感觉着多面的自然客体和谐完整的映像 正是这映像区分了伐木工手中的圆木与诗人心中的树木 今晨我看到那令人愉悦的风景 它们无疑是由二十到三十个农场组成 米勒拥有这片地 洛克有那片 而曼宁是那片树林的主人 但是他们都不能占有这片风景 只有诗人的双眼可以拥有这地平线 这是他们农场中最可贵的 却无人能凭产权而据为己有 4 WhydoesEmersonthinkfewadultpersonscanseenature Mostpeoplejustglanceatthesunandhavealreadylostthechild sinfancyandpuritytofeelthejoyorsorrowbroughtbyanreflectedinthesun ornature Infact fewpeoplecaninwardlyandoutwardlyseethenature andthinkaboutthenatureinwhichtheirownemotionsarereflected Astothosewhocan theymustbethewisestandluckiestpeopleforhavinggotthemostgenerousspiritualfoodgivenbythegodandnature Tospeaktruly fewadultpersonscanseenature Mostpersonsdonotseethesun Atleasttheyhaveaverysuperficialseeing Thesunilluminatesonlytheeyeoftheman butshinesintotheeyeandtheheartofthechild Theloverofnatureishewhoseinwardandoutwardsensesarestilltrulyadjustedtoeachother whohasretainedthespiritofinfancyevenintotheeraofmanhood 说真话 成年人难得看到自然本身 多数人看不到太阳 至少 他们所见只是浮光略影 阳光只照亮了成人的双眼所见 却照进儿童的眼睛和心灵深处 自然的热爱者 内向和外向的感觉尚能和谐的相应 他尚能在成年时保有婴儿的心灵 与天地的交汇成为必需 就如每日的食物一样 自然当前时 奔腾的喜悦传遍他全身 尽管可能他正身处现实的苦境 Indescribingnature Emersonstatesthat whenheisingoodhealth theairisa CordialorincrediblevirtueWhatismeantbythis Whenhe soutsideintheopenairit scordialwhichmeansnatureissweetandintoxicating 身体康健时 空气就是让人难以置信的补剂甜酿 他是我的造物 抿灭他无关紧要的悲伤 与我同在他应欢悦 自然向他如是说 不仅阳光和夏天带来欢跃 四季的每一时分都奉献出愉悦 自然变化的每一时晨无不如是 从懊热的午后到漆黑的子夜 四季早晚的嬗变对应并验证着人们不同的精神状态 自然既可是悲剧的 也可以是喜剧的背景 身体康健时 空气就是让人难以置信的补剂甜酿 Whatdoesaman castoffinthewoods HisyearsIt slikeyou reachildagain 在树林里也是一样 人们抖落岁月如蛇脱旧皮 无论身处生命的哪一阶段 都会心如孩童 Whatdowereturntointhewoods Reasonandfaith在森林里 我们回归理性和信仰 越过空旷的公地 停留深雪潭边 注目晨昏曦微光芒 在满布乌云的天空下 并非出于特别的当头好运 我享受了完美无缺的欣喜 我欣喜以至有些胆怯 在树林里也是一样 人们抖落岁月如蛇脱旧皮 无论身处生命的哪一阶段 都会心如孩童 在森林中 有永恒的青春 在上帝的庄园里 气派和圣洁是主宰 四季的庆典准备就绪 客人们居此千年也不会厌倦 在森林里 我们回归理性和信仰 在那里 任何不幸不会降临于我的生命 没有任何屈辱和灾病 请留下我的双眼 是自然无法平复的 WhatdoesEmersonbecomewhen allmeanegotismvanishes AtransparenteyeballWhatdoesEmersonmeanby meanegotism Wesaythatweareseparatebyusingourfivesensesbutwhenwegointothewoodsweseethatweareallone atransparenteye ball透明的眼球 Standingonthebareground myheadbathedbytheblitheairandupliftedintoinfinitespace allmeanegotismvanishes Ibecomeatransparenteyeball Iamnothing Iseeall thecurrentsoftheUniversalBeingcirculatethroughme IampartorparticleofGod 站在空旷大地之上 我的头脑沐浴于欢欣大气并升腾于无限空间 一切卑劣的自高自大和自我中心消失无踪 我变成一个透明的眼球 我化为乌有 我却遍览一切 宇宙精神的湍流环绕激荡着我 我成为上帝的一部分 我是他的微粒 Thiswasafamoussentencewhichillustratedtheharmonybetweennatureandhumanbeings ThisthoughtwasthemainpartofromanticismandthekeypointofthebookNature Hisidentityisnotwhollydissolved hebecomespartandparcelofGodintheactofperception Norisnaturedissolved Itremainsitself buttransparentandmeaningful Whatunusualverbexpresseswhat thefieldandwoods doMinisterTh