unit1book8Grammer

Completethesentenceswithwordsfromthebox changetheformifnecessary 1 AgroupofTrade leadersmettodiscussquestionsaboutjobsafety 2 TheofficialnameofourcountryisthePeople s ofChina 3 Ingeneral the classesdonothaveaclearideaofthelivesofcommonpeople 4 Ourclass oftwenty fiveboysandthirty twogirls 5 Ifyouthinkyoucanpassthemathsexameasilywithoutanyhardwork thenyouarecompletely 6 Thestreetistoo Itdoesnotallowcarsfromoppositedirectionstopass 7 Becauseofherteacher s shechosetostudyEnglishatuniversity 8 Don tjudgeapersononlyonthe offirstimpressions narrowconsistmistakeninfluencebasisupperunionrepublic Union Republic upper consists mistaken narrow influence basis Languagestudy Tellthefunctionofthefollowingsentences a subjectb objectc predicatived appositive 1 TheideathatEnglandstandsforFish Chips Speakers Corner BigBenandtheTowerofLondonispast 2 ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomany 3 TheresultofsomuchFrenchinfluencewasthattheEnglishlanguageendedupwithmanyFrenchwordssuchastable animalandage 4 SomepeoplefeelthatWalesisanancientfairyland 5 ThatmostofthesearenowthreatenedandmaydisappearisaseriousmattertothepeopleinBritain 6 Theyrealizethatitisofgreatvaluetorecordandteachthemtotheyoungergeneration appositive appositive predicative object subject object WhatattractspeopletoCaliforniaisitspleasantclimateandrelaxedlifestyle ThisiswhyeachyearagreatnumberofpeoplefromallovertheworldtrytoimmigratetoCalifornia However mostapplicantsknowthattheyhaveverylittlechanceofgettingavisa 主语 表语 宾语 名词性从句 NounClauses 名词性从句 定义及其作用 名词性从句由一个引导词引起 它们是 连接代词who what which等 连接副词when where why how 连词that whether if asif asthough等 其功同名词一样 名词性从句根据其功能可分为四种 1 主语从句 2 宾语从句 3 表语从句 4 同位语从句 宾语从句的语序问题 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 理清易错点 种类 名词性从句 巩固练习 主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语 引导词有连词that that不可省 whether 代词有who what which 副词when where how why等 如 1 Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger 2 WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica Webelieve that heishonest Itoldhim that Iwouldcomebacksoon Hesaid that hewouldgotherethenextdayandthathisfamilywouldn tgothere 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语 引导词有连词that that常可省略 whether if 代词有who whose what which 副词when where how why等 如 表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语 引导词有连词that that不可省 whether 代词有who what which 副词when where how why等 如 Theproblemisthatwedidn tgetintouchwithhim ThisishowHenrysolvedtheproblem Hissuggestionisthatwe should finishtheworkatonce 如果句子的主语是suggestion advice order等名词时 后面引导的表语从句用should 动词原形 should可省略 同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用 一般放在名词fact news idea promise thought suggestion等之后 用以说明或解释前面的名词 引导词有连词that 少数情况下也可用连接副词等 如 1 Thethoughtthatwemightsuccessexcitedus 2 Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering 3 Thesuggestionthattheplan should bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow 名词suggestion advice order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should 动词原形 should可省略 Tellthedifference 1 Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy 2 Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming 3 Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering 4 Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical 同位语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 定语从句 二 同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处 1 从句的作用不同 同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容 定语从句用来修饰 限定前面的名词 相当于一个定语 e g Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging 从句说明 消息 的内容 我们队取得了决赛胜利 Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging 从句对 消息 加以限定 是你告诉我们的 而非来自其他渠道 但消息是何内容却不得而知 2 引导从句的关联词that的功能不同 that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词 不充当任何成分 而引导定语从句的that是关系代词 既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分 e g 1 DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest that不充当任何成分 2 Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren that指代promise 又在从句中充当主语 II Choosethebestanswer 1 Theyexpressedthehope theywouldcomeovertoChina A whichB thatC whomD when2 Thefact hedidn tseeTomyesterdayistrue A thatB whichC whenD what3 Ihavenoidea hewillcomeback A whereB whenC whatD that II Choosethebestanswer 4 Thenews surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse A thatB whenC whatD how5 Oneofthemenheldtheview thebooksaidwasright A whatthatB thatwhichC thatwhatD whichthat6 Wordhascome someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek A whatB whetherc thatD which II 语序问题 1 Thephotographswillshowyou MET89 A whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB whatourvillagelookslikeC howdoesourvillagelooklikeD howourvillagelookslike 2 Heasked foraviolin MET92 A didIpayhowmuchB IpaidhowmuchC howmuchdidIpayD howmuchIpaid 3 根据例句 讨论 1 whether if的区别I Pleasetellmeif whetheryouwillgotothelecturestomorrow II Italldependsonwhethertheskywillclearup III Thequestioniswhetherthefilmiswellworthseeing IV Canyoutellmewhetherornotthetrainhasleft V Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem A 引导宾语从句 位于及物动词后B 引导宾语从句 位于介词后C 引导主语从句 放句首D 引导表语从句 主语从句或同位语从句E 可与ornot直接连用 ABCDE A 2 What that的区别I Ithinkthatitisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder II Hismotherissatisfiedwithwhathehasdone III Thathewasabletocomemadeushappy IV Thisiswhatmakesusinterested V ThereasonwasthatTodhadneverseenthemillion poundnotebefore 缺 不缺 什么 所 的东西 事情 无意义 否 宾语从句中能省略 3 常见的it作形式主语的结构I Itisafactthathewonthematch II ItisnecessarythatwedostudytheEnglish III Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines IV Itseemedthathewouldcomehere Itisafact ashame apity nowonder goodnews that Itisnecessary strange important possible likely that 这类主语从句中 谓语动词常为 should 动词原形 Itissaid reported decided known that Itseemed happened doesn tmatter hasturnedout that Step4Homework 1 Reviewwhatwehavelearnttoday 2 Translatesentences 1 显而易见 英语很重要 主语从句 2 玛利认为他会帮助她 宾语从句 3 我从来未到过那儿这事实是真的 同位语从句 4 问题是我们下一步该怎么做 表语从句 1 Thequestionis thefilmisworthseeing A ifB whatC whetherD how2 Theyreceivedorders theworkbedoneatonce A whichB whenC D that3 Thereason Ihavetogois mymotherisillinbed A why whyB why becauseC why thatD that because4 Ican tunderstandis shewantstochangehermind A What whyB Which howC That whyD What because5 hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain A ThatB WhetherC IfD Evenif6 Itisknowntous wherethereispollution thereisharm A whichB whereC whatD that7 Ihavetheinformation A ofwhathe llcomesoonB thathe llcomesoonC ofthath