词汇与结构总结资料.doc

专接本英语Vocabulary and Structure词汇语法总结资料一1.adapt/adjust oneself to 适应adopt采纳；收养2.aboard adj.在车/船上board木板blackboard黑板keyboard键盘 abroad adv.在/到国外go abroad出国at home and abroad在国内外3.absent缺席的(be absent from)present在场的(be present at)4. accident 意外事故 by accident=by chance=accidentally偶然 on purpose 故意5. account 账户(open an account)；说明(account for)on account of=because of=due to由于take. into account/consideration 考虑到6. accuse指责(accuse sb. of sh.指责某人某事) charge sb. with sth. 因某事控告某人 charge sb for+money7. advise建议advise sb. (not)to do sth. 劝说（强调动作）persuade sb. to do sth.=persuade/talk sb into doing sth 说服（强调结果）talk sb out of doing sth说服某人不要做某事8.表示建议、命令、要求及必要性含义的单词(advise, suggest, propose, demand, require, request, insist, order, recommend, necessary, important, strange, natural, essential, vital等)后接that从句时用(should)do形式的虚拟语气。虚拟语气特殊结构1)It is high/about time that+did2)would rather sb did sth9. anxious adj. 焦虑的be anxious about/for sth. 对感到忧虑 be anxious/eager to do sth. =long to do) 渴望做某事anxiety焦虑 stress压力；强调psychology心理学mental/physical health10. apology n.道歉 make an apology to sb. for (doing)sth. apologize v.道歉 apologize to sb. for (doing)sth11. apply vt. 申请 (apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物)；应用(apply sth. to someplace把某物应用于某处) application申请表 applicant申请人12.appreciate欣赏；感激(+doing) finish/mind/dislike/enjoy/imagine/consider/feel like/look forward to+doing I would appreciate it if.如果, 我将不胜感激13. assign vt. 分配, 指派 assign sb. to do sth. 分派某人做某事 assign sth. to sb. 分派某事给某人assignment=homework作业14. attach vt.附加 attack importance/significance to 强调，重视 attachment附件15.强调结构The meeting was held in Beijing last week.1)It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他(主语+动词)It was in Beijing that the meeting was held last week.2)一般疑问句3)特殊疑问句4)notuntil句型(直到才)的倒装句和强调句The villagers didnt realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.汉意倒装强调The old couple didnt consider taking a holiday until they retired from teaching three years ago.汉意倒装强调16.consider v.考虑(+doing)；认为(sth is considered to be)considerable 大量的considerate体贴的，周到的 considering prep考虑到17.imagine v.设想(+doing)imaginable 可想象到的imaginary虚构的imaginative充满想象力的(=full of imagination)18.respect v.尊敬respectable受人尊敬的respectful尊重别人的(be respectful to) respective 各自的19. advantage n.优势（反disadvantage n.不利条件）have an advantage over胜过 take advantage of利用20. afford vt.买得起，负担的起 afford a new car/vacationafford to do sth.负担的起做某事专接本Vocabulary and Structure复习资料二1.appoint vt. 约定；任命appointment n.预约(have an appointment with) date男女约会；日期 blind date相亲2.approach v.接近(=come near to)；方法(=method, way)3. approve vt. 赞成(+of)，批准 disapprove v.不赞成 improve v.改进；提高arrive v.到达survive v.幸存4. arise vi. 出现, 发生rise vi.升起arouse vt., 唤醒, 唤起 (arouse ones curiosity, consciousness, interest)raise vt.举起；饲养praise v.表扬(praise sb for sth因某事而表扬某人)5. arrest vt./ n.逮捕, under arrest被拘捕under discussion讨论中 under construction建造中 under control控制下 under attack遭到攻击under/in the charge of在控制下6. artificial adj.人造的（反：natural天然的, genuine真的）social社会的special特殊的especially特别，尤其7. assure vt. 向保证(assure sb. that.) e.g. He assured us that the train would be on time. 使确信(assure sb. of sth.) e.g. He assured her of his love.ensure vt. 确保 (ensure sb. sth.) 确保某人获得某物 e.g. These pills will you a good nights sleep.insure vt. 给.保险insurance n.保险(PICC=Peoples Insurance Company of China中国人民保险公司，即中国人保)I am sure that 我确信8.名词性从句(主、宾、表、同位语)根据与主句谓语动词的位置关系判断从句性质。主语从句+动词eg. What I need is your help.动词(know, tell, ask, wonder, show等)+宾语从句 eg I dont know where he lives.系动词be+表语从句eg He is not what he used to be.同位语从句(谓语抽象名词fact, news, idea, evidence, word, information, suggestion等后，常有that引导，是意思完整的一句话) eg Word came that more and more students will be allowed to go to universities.考点：1)语序：连接词+主语+动词(what/who作主语时可直接接动词) 2)连接词分三类，即wh-；(that)和if/whether是否，但whether可位于介词后或与or及or not连用3)时态：主过从过，主现从任意。9. attempt vt./n. 尝试, 企图attempt to do 试图做某事 in an attempt to do 力图做某事 temperature 温度10. avoid vt. 避免(+doing) avoidable adj.可避免的 unavoidable/inevitable adj.不可避免的11. award n. 奖品 vt. 授予(be awarded sth.)reward vt./n. 报答reward sb. with sth for sth.因而用酬劳某人in reward for 作为对回报rewarding adj.有回报的，有意义的12. aware/conscious adj.有意识的be aware/conscious of 意识到=realize v.意识到；实现(realize ones dream)13. backward adv./adj.向后 upward/downward 向上/向下look forward to (doing)sth期待做某事 attitude toward sth对的态度 altitude海拔高度 latitude维度 longitude 经度 gratitude感激14. base n.基础, 根据地, 基地(具体的事物) vt. 以.作基础 be based on 建立在基础上basis n.基础,根据(抽象的事物) on the basis of (theory, experiment) basic adj. 基本的=fundamental15. bear v.忍受(=tolerate, stand, endure, put up with) bear sth. in mind牢记16.turn短语turn on/off打开/关闭(电源) turn up调高音量；出现turn down调低音量；拒绝17. put短语put on穿上(take off脱下；起飞 try on试穿) put off推迟put up建立，打起(build, set up, establish, 但found成立，创办)put away收起来放好put down写下(=write down) put an end to结束18.give短语give in to向屈服give up放弃=abandon give away赠送 give off发出(光，热)19. believe v.相信 believe in 信仰belief n.信念 unbelievable=incredible难以置信的 relieve v.减轻(负担burden) relief n.减轻20. benefit n.利益(to ones benefit 对有利) vt.有益于(benefit from 从受益) beneficial 有益的21. blame vt. 责备 (sb.) be to blame 某人该受责备 blame sb. for sth. 将归咎于某人22. busy adj,忙(be busy doing=be busy with忙于做某事) lazy adj.懒 business n.生意 businessman n.商人 None of your business.不关你的事。Mind your own business.管好你自己的事。on business因公出差23. on behalf of代表belong to属于behave oneself举止得体keep/lose balance保持/失去平衡24. be available to sb 某人可得到的on average平均pay attention to 注意aim at旨在于25. have no alternative/choice but to do 除做外别无选择=have nothing to do but do专接本Vocabulary and Structure复习资料三1. amaze/astonish/surprise/shock vt. 使吃惊 ed adj.(与人连用) ing adj.(与物连用)2. amuse vt. 娱乐 amuse sb. with sth. 用某物取悦某人amuse oneself by doing sth.做某事来消遣 amusement n.娱乐3. case n.案例；情形 in case of 以防 in that case既然那样的话as is often the case这是常有的事 in no case 决不（=under no circumstances, by no means，置于句首，采用部分倒装，即助动词+主语+动词）【倒装】语序问题正常语序：主语+动词倒装语序：完全倒装：动词+主语(少见) Here/There come/go/be+名词主语. Here comes the bus./Here you are. 部分倒装：助动词+主语+动词(否定词/短语位于句首) 否定词：hardly, never, no, seldom, few, little否定短语：in no way/case, under no circumstance, by no means1)表示“一就.”的两个结构Hardly had sb done when+一般过去时didNo sooner had sb done when+一般过去时dideg Hardly had I opened the door when he came in.2)notuntil表示“直到才”的倒装They didnt reach the campsite until midnight.倒装：4. ceremony n.仪式 opening/closing/wedding ceremony开幕式/闭幕式/结婚典礼funeral葬礼5. charge v. 掌管；控告(charge sb. with sth. 控告), 收费(free of charge免费) in charge of 负责(主动，主语为人)in the charge of 由负责(被动，主语为物)6. cheat v. 欺骗 cheat sb. into doing sth. 骗某人去做某事 cheat sb. out of sth. 骗走某人某物7. check in 登记入住 check out 付账后离开 check up检查8. comfort n./ vt.安慰discomfort n.不舒适 comfortable adj. 舒服的uncomfortable adj.不舒服的9. commit vt. 犯(错误), 干(坏事) commit suicide/murder/mistake自杀/谋杀/犯错be committed to do sth. 承诺做某事 be devoted to (doing)sth致力于(做)某事10.comment on对评论11. common adj. 共同的have much/little/nothing in 有很多/很少/没有共同之处 common sense 常识12. compare v.比较 (similarity和difference)contrast vt. 使与.对比（侧重difference）compare A with B 将A与B进行比较compare A to B 将A比作B（侧重此义）13. compete vi.比赛, 竞争 compete with/against sb. for sth.与某人竞争某物competition n. 竞争, 竞赛competitive adj.竞争的competitor n.竞争者competent adj.有能力的, 胜任的(be competent to do sth=be capable of doing sth有能力做某事)14. complain v.抱怨(+about) complaint n.抱怨，投诉 letter of complaint投诉信explain v. 解释(account for) explanation n.解释15. compose v.组成；写作component n.成分composition n.作文 be composed of 由构成=be made up of =consist of16. concern vt./n. 涉及；关心 concerning prep. 关于as far as sb./sth. be concerned就而言be concerned /worried about 关心 be concerned/connected with 与有联系17. concentrate v. 集中 concentrate/focus on 集中精力于be absorbed in全神贯注于18. conclude v.作出结论 conclusion n.结论 draw/come to a conclusion得出结论19. confidence n.信心 have confidence in 对有信心 confident adj.自信的 be confident of 对有信心take pride in=be proud of 为感到骄傲20. confront vt.面临 be confronted with 面对(=be faced with）21. congratulate vt.祝贺congratulate sb on sth祝贺某人某事congratulations n.祝贺(单用或+on)22. consult v.咨询consult reference books/dictionary/ authority咨询参考书/词典/权威23. consume vt.消费consumer n. 消费者consumption n.消耗contrary adj.相反的on the contrary 恰恰相反content n. 内容,目录(pl.) adj. 满意的(be content/satisfied/pleased with对满意) contact vt./n.联系contract n.合同contrast vi./n.对照contribute v.贡献(contribute to sth.导致（=lead to） contribution n.贡献24.选择题=题干+选项1)观察题干，找出关键词(连词、动词、标志时间)2)分析选项，明确考点(时态语态、非谓语动词、从句、词汇、比较级和最高级、冠词、介词、特殊结构)专接本Vocabulary and Structure复习资料四1.关于时态时时间现在过去将来态状态完成进行一般英语句子中谓语/动词必不可少，动词表示动作或状态，不同时间发生的动作用动词的不同形式/时态来表示。时态就是动作发生时间和所处状态的任意组合。一般时态：单纯通过动词变化来体现一般现在时：动词原形；三单时动词末尾加-s/-es一般过去时：动词过去式V.-ed一般将来时：多种表达will/shall (I/we)+V.beam, is, aregoing to+V.进行时态：由be动词+现在分词V.-ing(表进行)两部分构成。现在进行时：am/is/are+V-ing过去进行时：was/were+V.-ing完成时态：由have+过去分词V.-ed(表完成)两部分构成。现在完成时：have/has+过去分词过去完成时：had+过去分词二、时态考点特定的标志时间决定特定的时态和相应的动词形式。一般现在时1.标志时间：频度副词，如often, usually, always, never, sometimes 时间状语，如every day/week/month/year; once a week; on Sundays; on weekends/weekdays2.重要考点：在由连词when, until, as soon as引导的时间状语从句及由连词if, unless, as long as等引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时，即主将从现。注意 主句出现一般将来时、祈使句或情态动词+ do时，从句中用一般现在时。一般过去式1.标志时间：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last Monday/month/week/year, two months ago, the other day, in 1997, just now2.注意：used to do sth表示过去经常做某事，但现在已无此习惯，强调过去和现在的对比，常和but now连用。一般将来时标志时间：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a week next week/month/year过去将来时常用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。动词come, go, leave, arrive等用过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。时间和条件状语从句中用过去时代替过去将来时。如He said he would come to see you when he had time.现在进行时1.含义：此时此刻，常和now，Look！Listen！at the moment等连用。 现阶段，常和these days连用。过去进行时重点2.标志时间：at this time yesterday, at that time, at nine last night，如What were you doing at this time yesterday?3.重要考点 was/were doing(表背景)+when(just at that time)+一般过去时现在完成时重点1.含义：完成用法：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，动作不延续，与不确定的过去时间状语already, yet, before, recently, just、频度时间状语never，ever，once和包括现在时刻在内的时间状语this morning/month/year.，today等连用。 未完成用法：表示开始于过去，持续到现在，将来可能还要延续的动作或状态。常和since+过去时或for+一段时间等表示一段时间的状语连用，或与up to now，so far, in/over/during the past /last five years等表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语连用。只用于延续性动词，不可用于come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等短暂性动词。3.常考句型“It is/has been+一段时间+since+过去时”表示“自从以来已有”如It is two years since he came to China.=He has been in China for two years.=He came to China two years ago.have been to去过(表经历)；have gone to去了(表动作，在途中或已到达)2.短暂动词join, buy, come, go, leave, arrive, borrow, die, fall asleep/ill, get up在完成时中不能喝表示一段时间的状语连用，可通过be+adj./n./介词短语或转换动词变成可延续的状态。短暂性动词延续性动词join the army/Party/Leaguebe in the army/Party/Leaguebe a soldier/Party/League memberbuyhavecome/arrivebe ingo/leavebe away fromborrowkeepdiebe deadfall asleep/illbe asleep/illget upbe upmarrybe marriedbeginbe on过去完成时1.表示在过去某一时间或动作已经结束的动作，时间为过去的过去，不单用，要有过去的时间或动作来配合。2.标志时间 by短语(截止到)by the time (that)+过去时句子by the end of+过去时间(last week/year/month)注意：Ifhad done,.would/could/might have doneeg If you had arrived earlier, you would have seen that famous star.=Had you arrived earlier, you would have seen that famous star.(省略if, 把had, were, should提前的倒装句)2. courage n. 勇气encourage vt.鼓励 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 courageous adj.勇敢的discourage vt.打击(discourage/prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事)3. decide v.决定 decide to do sth.决定做某事 decision n.决定 make a decision to do sth. 决定做某事decisive adj.决定性的(=crucial) play a decisive role in sth. 在中起到重要作用take an active part in积极参加4. deliver vt.投递信件；发表演说deliver sth. to sb.将某物交给某人deliver a message 传话deliver a speech发表演说5. depend vi.依靠（count on/depend on/rely on 依靠） dependent adj依赖的 be dependent on sth. dependence n. 依靠, 依赖independent adj. 独立自主的be independent of independence n. 独立, 自主6. different adj.不同的(be different from) difference n.差别make a difference 有影响make no difference没有影响 It makes no difference +wh-从句7. difficult adj.困单的 difficulty n. 困难 in difficulty 处于困境中with difficulty 困难地，吃力地have difficulty/trouble /problem in doing sth. 做某人有困难8. disappoint vt.使失望disappointed感到失望的(与人连用) disappointing令人失望的(与物连用)be disappointed with/about sth. 对感到失望be disappointed to 9. economy n.经济 economic economical adj.节约的 economist n.经济学家10. effect n.效果；影响 bring into effect 实施come/go into effect 开始生效have an effect on 对有效果affect vt. 影响(=have an effect/ influence on)effective adj.有效的efficient adj. 高效率的11. effort n.努力 make an effort to do sth. 努力去做某事12. emerge vi.出现emergency n.紧急情况(emergency room急诊室) emergent adj.紧急的13. emphasize v.强调 emphasis n. 强调, 重点 put/lay/place great/much on重视14. employ vt.雇用employer雇主 employee雇员 employment就业/ unemployment失业专接本Vocabulary and Structure复习资料五1.achieve vt.完成(complete, finish, accomplish) achievement n.成就(=accomplishment)2.detect vt.发觉detection n.察觉 detective n.侦探 protect v.保护protection n.保护3. determine v.决定(=decide) determine/decide to do sth.=be determined to do sth.决定做某事determination n.决心 make a determination to do sth.=make a decision to do sth决定做某事4. devote vt. 献身 devote oneself/ones life to sth. 致力于，献身于 candidate n.候选人devote sth. to sb. 将献给某人 devote his new book to his mother5. difference n.差异make a difference有影响 make no difference 没有影响6. discipline n.纪律 disaster n.灾难discover v.发现disadvantage 劣势，不利7. domestic adj.国内的(=native) （反foreign外国的）domestic demand内需8. dominate=control控制 fatal adj.致命的（=deadly，mortal）9. due to 由于= owing to, because of, thanks to, on account of10. eliminate vt.排除=get rid of, remove11. emerge vi. 出现emergency n.紧急情况(emergency room急诊室) emergent adj.紧急的12. expense n. 费用；代价 expensive adj.昂贵的at ones expense牺牲某人at the expense of 以为代价 =at the cost of13. export n./v. 出口 import n./v.进口 exclude vt.把.排除在外 include vt.包括 report 报导support 支持conclude v.得出结论 conclusion结论14. facility n.（pl.）设备 teaching facilities 教学设施15. factor n.因素 factory工厂be fond of喜爱forgive vt.原谅 forgive and forget不计前嫌16.familiar adj.熟悉的be familiar with sth./sb. 熟悉 be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟知 be similar to与类似17. fashion n.流行；时尚 be in fashion 流行be out of fashion 过时fashionable adj.流行的18. fault n.缺点 find fault with sb. 挑某人的错19. favor n.恩惠 in favor of 支持 do sb. a favor 帮某人的忙20. figure n. 外形；数字(=number)；人物 figure out 计算出(=work out)21. formal adj.正式的informal adj.非正式的 the former 前者the latter后者22. fortune n.财富, 运气make a fortune 发财fortunate=lucky幸运地 unfortunately=unluckily不行地23. fame n.名声（=reputation）famous adj.著名的, 出名的 be famous for 因而出名 be famous as 作为而出名Mo Yan is a famous writer.=Mo Yan is famous as a writer.24. exhausted adj.疲劳的（=tired, worn out）25.exchange 交换 in exchange for 交换26. environment n.环境 equivalent adj.相当的be equivalent to 相当于equip vt.装备 be equipped with 配备equipment n.装备27. challenge 挑战 challenging adj.富有挑战性的convenient adj.方便的inconvenient adj.不方便的convenience n.便捷28. convince v.使信服convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事(make sb believe that sth is true)29. cooperate vi.合作 cooperate with sb. 与合作cooperation n.合作corporation n.公司30. data n.数据 datum（单数）media n.媒体medium（单数） bacteria 细菌 bacterium(单数)31.虚拟语气：表示与客观事实相反的主观设想。1)后退一步的虚拟语气：注意if虚拟条件从句与主句各自谓语动词的不同if虚拟条件从句主句现在 werewould/could do过去 had done would/could/might have done将来were to do should dowould do2)表建议、命令、要求及必要性含义单词后的从句中用(should)do形式的虚拟语气insist, order, command, advise, suggest, propose, demand, require, request, askIt is important (necessary, strange, vital, essential ) that .3)特殊句式 would rather sb did sth宁愿某人做某事It is high/about time that sb should do或It is high/about time that sb did sth虚拟语气习题1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missedC. would miss D. missed2.If I knew you were coming, I _ you at the airport. A. had met B. metC. would meet D. would have met3.Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. soldC. shall sell D. would sell4.He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been5.I dont think it is the right time that you _. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go6.I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible . A finished B.finishing C to finish D. finish 7. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be raised. A should B would C must D. could8.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there.A. not went B. wont go C. not go D. not to go9.The teacher demanded that the exam _before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished10.The commander ordered that we _ work. A. must finish B. finished C. should finish D. could finish11. It is the test system，rather than the teachers，_ is to blame for the students heavy burden nowadays. A.who B.this C.that D.whom12. _ she is not so cheerful _ she used to be?A.How is it that；as B.Why is it that；whatC.Is it why；that D.How it is that；as13. Not until the press reported the pollution _ why the water supply had been cut off.Apeople did know Bpeople had known Chad people known Ddid pe